Chapter 5 词的省译.ppt

1、EST Translation词的省译,词的省译,严格地来说，翻译时对科技英语原文的内容是不允许有任何删略的。但是由于语言差异，有些词翻译时不能照搬到译文中。 增译与省译是相辅相成的翻译技巧概念。 省译就是把原文中需要而译文中不需要的词、词组等在翻译过程中加以省略，使译文更加通顺。 语法省译、意义省译,一、语法需要引起的省译,英语和汉语语法结构差异 由语法需要进行的省译也称虚词的省译,1. 冠词的省译,英语中有冠词，而汉语中没有冠词，因此，汉译时常常可以省去不译。,Much of the sunlight is absorbed by the oceans. 大部分阳光被海洋吸收。 The d

2、irection of a force can be represented by an arrow. 力的方向可以用箭头表示。,2. 介词的省译,大量使用介词是英语的又一大特点，汉译时一些介词常省略不译。,Whenever a current flows through a resistance, a potential difference exists at the two ends of the resistance. 电流通过电阻时，电阻的两端就有电势差。 The difference between the two machines consists in power. 这两台机器

3、的差别在于功率不同。,3. 连词的省译,英语属形合语言，连词起句式连接作用， 表达逻辑关系和语法关系。 并列连词和从属连词,The inner and outer rings are graded and stored according to size. 内外圈是根据尺寸分类存放的。 Check the circuit before you begin the experiment. 检查好线路后再开始做实验。 The volume of a given weight of gas varies directly the absolute temperature, provided the

4、pressure does not change. 压力不变，一定重量的空气的体积与绝对温度成正比。,4. 引导词there的省译,There + be（seem, appear, exist, happen) 句型是英语特有的句型结构，汉译时可不必强行翻译出来，即不把“有”翻译出来。,There is every indication that algae, along with bacteria and certain fungi, are extremely ancient organisms. 一切迹象表明藻类、细菌及真菌都是非常古老的有机体。 There exist neither

5、perfect insulators nor perfect conductors. 既没有最理想的绝缘体，也没有最理想的导体。 There stand special devices to record hours of sunshine, wind velocity and wind direction at each weather station. 每个气象站里都装有记录光照时间、风速和风向的专门装置。,5. 引导词it的省译,It 作人称代词、指示代词等 It 作形式主语。形式宾语,It was thought that all atoms of the same element w

6、ere exactly alike. 曾经有人认为同一种元素的所有原子都是相同的。 It was not until the middle of the 19th century that the blast furnace came into use. 直到19世纪中叶，高炉才开始使用。 Scientists have proved it to be true that the heat get from coal and oil comes originally from the sun. 科学家已证实，我们从煤和石油中得到的热都来源于太阳。,二、意义表达引起的省译,实词作为英语句式构成的

7、主干，一般需翻译。 有时在保证意义不流失的情况下，为更好符合译语表达，也可省译。,1.省译名词,由于英语句法结构而使用的名词 特殊结构中的名词,The problem of alternative fuels of vehicle is one problem we shall approach. 车辆的代用燃料是我们将要着手处理的一个问题。 Obviously, since this radiation is invisible, it is of no use to us for illumination purpose. 显然，由于这种辐射不产生可见光，因此不能用于照明。,2.省译动词,

8、英语的句子必须由动词作谓语，而汉语则不然，句子中除了动词作谓语，形容词、名词或词组都可以作谓语。这样的特点使我们在翻译时常常可以省译原文中的动词。被省译的动词通常是英语中的某些系动词或行为动词。,This chapter provides a brief view of the theory of modification. 本章简单回顾一下诱发变异理论。 This laser beam covers a very narrow range of frequencies. 这种激光束的频率范围很窄。 If the surface is smooth, reflection is regular

9、; if the surface is rough, the reflection is diffuse. 如果表面光滑，则反射规则；如果表面不平，则反射发散。,3.省译代词,英语的特点之一就是代词多，但译成汉语时，无须保留全部代词，可以根据情况省译一些。 省译人称代词、关系代词（that, which),If you reduce the volume which a gas occupies to one third, then the pressure increases three times. 如果把气体所占的体积压缩到1/3，那么压力便会增至3倍。 The gas distribu

10、tes itself uniformly throughout a container. 气体均匀分布在整个容器中。,4.省译形容词,一些名词前显而易见的形容词可省译，确保流畅。,This treatment did not produce any harmful side effect. 这种治疗方法并没有产生任何副作用。,The Big Bang Since its conception, the theory of the Big Bang has been constantly challenged. These challenges have led those who believ

11、e in the theory to search for more concrete evidence which would prove them correct. From the point at which this book leaves off, many have tried to go further and several discoveries have been made that paint a more complete picture of the creation of the universe. Recently, NASA has made some ast

12、ounding discoveries which lend themselves to the proof of the Big Bang theory. Most importantly, astronomers using the Astro-2 observatory were able to confirm one of the requirements for the foundation of the universe through the Big Bang. In June, 1995, scientists were able to detect primordial he

13、lium, such as deuterium, in the far reaches of the universe. These findings are consistent with an important aspect of the Big Bang theory that a mixture of hydrogen and helium was created at the beginning of the universe. In addition, the Hubble telescope, named after the father of Big Bang theory,

14、 has provided certain clues as to what elements were present following creation. Astronomers using Hubble have found the element boron in extremely ancient stars. They postulate that its presence could be either a remnant of energetic events at the birth of galaxies or it could indicate that boron is ever older, dating back to the Big Bang itself. If the latter is true, scientists will be