电气工程专业英语课件lectu.ppt

1、1,各位老师： 上午好！,王传江 E-mail: TELSpecialized English for Electrical Engineering,2,Introduction,什么是专业英语,隶属于科技英语 以表达科技概念、理论与事实为主要目的。遵守科技英语的语法体系和翻译方法；特别注重客观事实和真理，表达准确、精练、正式、逻辑性强。,是结合各自专业的科技英语 有很强的专业性，涉及的面更加狭窄，与专业内容配合更为密切。,专业英语与科技英语既有区别又有联系。专业英语的学习需要有一个良好的科技英语基础，同时也要注意其自身的词汇特点、语法特点、修辞特点和翻译特点等等。,

2、3,Introduction,学习专业英语的重要性 科研信息获取 专业英语阅读能力 技术情报资料 专业技术文献 工程设备文档资料 研究成果展示 专业英语写作能力 产品技术说明 学术论文发表 申请专利 国际交流合作 专业英语表达、听说、应变能力,4,Teaching Tasks,扩充、掌握大量的专业词汇 熟悉专业英语的词汇、句法 提高专业英语的阅读理解能力、翻译能力和写作能力 了解常用的专业英语口语表达方式,5,Contents,阅读翻译 基础知识 语法特点 词汇特点 常用符号公式表达 学术论文写作 英文文献查找 应用口语,6,References,电力专业英语阅读与翻译 朱永强 主编. 200

3、7 电气工程及其自动化专业英语苏小林 主编.2008 电力英语应用口语 贾根娣 主编. 2002 电气工程及其自动化专业英语 魏立明 主编. 2012,7,Lecture 1,Reading and Translation Basic Concepts of Electric Power System Part 1 Basic Construction of Electric Power System Electricity is an ideal energy form, which is convenient to deliver and use, and is clean without

4、 polluting our environment and atmosphere. The generation, delivery and consumption of electricity are realized in an integrated system which is called electric power system or power system. An electric power system consists of three principal divisions: power generation, power transmission system,

5、and power distribution systems.,8,Lecture 1,All the electricity the consumers take from the power system is generated in a power plant, or called power station, of some kind. Power generation is the first stage of the whole progress of the utilization of electric energy. Transmission systems are the

6、 connecting links between the generation plants and the distribution systems and lead to other power systems over interconnections. A distribution system connects all the individual loads to the transmission lines at the substations which perform voltage transformation and switching functions. Small

7、 generating plants located near the load are often connected to the subtransmission or distribution system directly.,9,Lecture 1,Interconnection to neighboring power systems are usually formed at the transmission system level. The overall system thus consists of multiple generating sources and sever

8、al layers of transmission networks. This provides a high degree of structural redundancy that enables the system to withstand unusual contingencies without service disruption to the consumers. Part 2 Typical Topologies of Electric Power System The equipments which form an electric system are arrange

9、d depending on the manner in which load grows in the area and may be rearranged from time to time.,10,Lecture 1,However, there are certain plans into which a particular system design may be classified. Three types are illustrated: the radial system, the loop system and the network system. In a radia

10、l system, as shown in Fig. 1.1, the lines form a “tree” spreading out from the power source. Opening any line will result in interruption of power to one or more of the loads.,11,Lecture 1,The loop system is illustrated in Fig. 1.2. With this arrangement all loads may be served even though one line

11、section is removed from service. Fig. 1.3 shows the same loads being served by a network. With this arrangement each load has two or more circuits over which it is fed.,12,Lecture 1,Distribution circuits are commonly designed so that they may be classified as radial or loop circuit. The high-voltage

12、 transmission lines of most power systems are arranged as networks. The interconnection of major power systems result in networks made up many line sections. Part 3 Characteristics of Most Power System The first complete electric power system was a direct current (DC) system. The development of alte

13、rnating current (AC) transmission led to AC electric power system. The AC system had won out over the DC system for the following reasons:,13,Lecture 1,i ) Voltage levels can be easily transformed in AC systems, thus providing the flexibility for use of different voltage for generation, transmission

14、, and consumption. ii) AC electric machines are much simpler or cheaper than DC electric machines. Electric power systems vary in size and structural components. However, they all have the same basic characteristics: i) Are comprised of three-phase AC systems operating essentially at constant voltag

15、e. Generation and transmission facilities use three-phase equipment. Industrial loads are invariably three-phase; single-phase residential and commercial loads are distributed equally among the phases so as to effectively form a balanced three-phase system.,14,Lecture 1,ii) Use synchronous machines

16、for generation of electricity. iii) Transmit power over significant distances to consumer spread over a wide area. This requires a transmission system comprising subsystems operating at different voltage levels.,15,Lecture 1,客观性（Objective）、准确性（accuracy）和精练性(conciseness),Grammar Features 广泛使用被动语态 广泛使

17、用非谓语形式 省略句使用频繁 It句型和祈使句使用频繁 复杂长句使用频繁 后置形容词短语作定语多,16,Lecture 1,电可以用数量和质量来度量。,2) Instrument transformers are installed on the high-voltage equipment.,互感器安装在高压设备上。,广泛使用被动语态（客观性） 主体多为客观的事物、现象和过程在叙述推理过程中切忌加进作者个人的主观臆断； 中心是客观现象及事物本身，而非动作的发出者，把论证说明的对象置于句子主语的位置，既能突出中心，又能吸引读者的注意。,1) Electricity can be measure

18、d in amount and quality.,17,Lecture 1,电能是在发电站或发电厂产生的。,4) The meters are calibrated and the scale is designed to read the value of the desired unit.,5) Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulation medium. Such a device is called a capacitor, and its ability to store

19、electrical energy is termed capacitance. It is measured in Farads.,3) Electric power is generated in power generating stations or plants.,这些仪表可以被校准并且设计了不同的量程，以便读出期望的数值。,电能可以储存在被一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属板中，这样的装置被称为电容器，它储存电能的能力就被称为电容。电容的测量单位是法拉。,18,Lecture 1, 动名词,用动名词短语取代时间从句或简化时间陈述句,The signal should be filtered

20、before it is amplified.,2) An object becomes hot. It is placed in the sun.,Once being placed in the sun, an object becomes hot.,物体放置在太阳下会变热。,The signal should be filtered before being amplified.,放大信号前，应先对其进行滤波。,广泛使用非谓语形式（精炼） 非谓语动词在句子中可以起到名词，形容词或副词作用，动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。,19,Lecture 1,3) We must do

21、 various experiments before a new electronic product is designed.,Before designing a new electronic product we must do various experiments.,在设计一个新的电子产品之前，我们必须做各种实验。,用动名词短语做主语,4) Changing resistance is a method for controlling the flow of the current.,改变电阻是控制电流的一种方法。,5) Conducting electricity means t

22、he flow of electrons through an object.,传导电流意味着电子在物体内的流动。,20,Lecture 1, 分词,The power supply, which is shown in block-diagram in Fig.1, is a single-phase switch-mode inverter.,The power supply shown in block-diagram in Fig.1 is a single-phase switch-mode inverter.,图1中用框图表示的电源是一个单相开关逆变器。,过去分词短语替代从句中的被

23、动语态,2) A three-phase circuit, as it was pointed out above, is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits.,21,Lecture 1,正如上面所指出的那样，三相电路只不过是三个单相电 路的组合。,3) The transistor, which is working with correctly polarities, can work as an amplifier.,The transistor working with correctly polarities can

24、 work as an amplifier.,工作于正确电源极性下的晶体管，作用就像放大器。,现在分词短语替代从句中的主动语态,A three-phase circuit, as pointed out above, is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits.,22,Lecture 1, 不定式,1）The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger so that the increasing demand of electric power is satis

25、fied.,The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger to satisfy the increasing demand of electric power.,单台发电机的容量越来越大，目的就是满足不断增长的用电需求。,2) What does a fuse do? It protects a circuit.,The function of a fuse is to protect a circuit.,保险的作用就是保护电路。,用不定式短语来替代表示目的和功能的从句或语句,23,Lecture 1,If it is

26、possible, the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.,If possible, the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.,2) As illustrated in Fig.1, there is a feedback element in the closed-loop system.,As in Fig.1, there is a feedback element in the closed-loop system.,就像

27、图1所示的那样，这个闭环系统中有一个反馈元件。,可能的话，这个系统应该使用开环控制方法。,省略句使用频繁（精炼） 省略成分：状语从句中的主语、全部或部分谓语；定语从句中的关系代词which和that、从句中的助词等；还常用介词短语替代从句。,24,Lecture 1,3) The device includes an instrument transformation and a relay system which has two circuits in it.,The device includes an instrument transformation and a relay syst

28、em with two circuits in it.,这个装置包括一个互感器和一个有两个电路的继电器系统。,其他常用的省略形式：,If so 倘若如此 As previously mentioned 前已提到 When needed (necessary, feasible)必要时 Where feasible 在实际可行的场合 Where possible 在可能的情况下,As already discussed 前已讨论 As explained before 前已解释 As described above 如上所示 If possible (necessary)如果可能（必要）,25,

29、Lecture 1,It 句型和祈使句使用频繁（准确、精炼） It is very important (possible, necessary, natural, inevitable) to It takes very much time learning It is clear (possible, necessary, natural, inevitable) that It happened that It must be admitted that Let A be equal to B. 设A等于B。 Consider a high-pressure chamber. 假如有一个高气压气候室。,26,Lecture 1,1) It has been mentioned above that the electrons in a metal are able to move freely through the metal, that their motion constitutes an electric current in the metal and that they play an important part in conduction of heat.,前面已经提到：