09听力讲座03.ppt

1、听力讲座03,Word Stress, Sentence Stress, Weak Form of Words and Rhythm 单词重音, 句子重音，弱读和节奏,pronounce surrender polishastonish comfortable maintain severeexpress defend reject abruptimagine police machine dispute campaign,compete(v.) competence (n.) apply(v.) application(n.) understand (v.) understanding (n

2、.) import(n.)import(v) increase(n.) increase(v.) record (n.) record (v.) content (n.)content (adj.) subject (n.)subject (adj.) recall (v.) (re + call)recall (v.),Ex. 1 The following words are similar but have different stress pattern. Read them aloud and find out if there are some rules.,1. equalequ

3、ality equalize ,equalization 2. finalfinality finalize ,finalization 3. neutral neutralityneutralize,neutralization,Rules,The great majority of two-syllable words in English are accented on the first syllable. 双音节词一般重读在第一音节,2. The two syllable words and the polysyllabic(多音节的) words that begin with t

4、he prefixes(前缀) be-,in-, dis-, ex-, un-, con-, de-, em-, en-, mis-, pre-, re-, trans- are accented on the second or the third syllable, for the prefixes in English are not stressed. 以以下前缀开头的双音节或者多音节词重读在第二或者第三音节，因为这些前缀不重读，如： be-,in-, dis-, ex-, un-, con-, de-, em-, en-, mis-, pre-, re-, trans- e.g. b

5、ecome, invite, exclude, enlarge, mistake,Most of the suffixes are not stressed. 大多数后缀不重读。 e.g. carefully, socialism, history,The words ending with the suffixes ee, eer, -ette, -oo, -oon are accented on the last syllable. 但是，以ee, eer, -ette, -oo, -oon 等后缀结尾的单词，重读在最后音节。 e.g. employee, refugee, cigaret

6、te, technique, bamboo, cartoon,5. The words ending with the suffixes -eous, -ia, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ics, -ience, -ion, -ior, -ious, -ish, -liar are stressed on the second syllable form the end. 以-eous, -ia, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ics, -ience, -ion, -ior, -ious, -ish, -liar 后缀结尾的单词，重读在倒数第二个音节 e

7、.g. vegetarian, situation, economics,6. The words ending with the suffixes -ate, -ctat, -ctory, -ety, -gram, -graph, -graphy, -ical, -ify, -ity, -logy, -meter, -tude are stressed on the third syllable from the end. 以-ate, -ctat, -ctory, -ety, -gram, -graph, -graphy, -ical, -ify, -ity, -logy, -meter,

8、 -tude等后缀结尾的单词，重读在倒数第三个音节。 e.g. continuity, familiarity, biography, attitude,7. The compound words formed by two nouns are accented on the first syllable. 由两个名词构成的复合词，重读在第一个音节。 e.g. postman, crossword, blackbird, teapot, pullover, bathroom Compound Proper nouns usually have primary stress on the sec

9、ond element, 合成专有名词首重读在第二个部分。 eg. Good Friday, United Nations.,Sentence stress,In real world listening we cant concentrate on every single word. To be sensitive to sentence stress can help listeners to focus on the main ideas.,Ex. 2 Listen to the following sentences carefully and mark the words that

10、 are stressed.,1.Whats the trouble? 2. I feel very hot. 3. Ive got a terrible pain in my stomach. 4. Do you have a fever? 5. How long have you been ill likethis? 6. Let me examine you. 7. How often must I take the medicine? 8. You must stay in bed for a couple of days.,Exercise 3 Listen to the shift

11、ing of the stress and mark the word that is stressed.,a. Are you writing about the effects of air pollution? b. Are you writing about the effects of air pollution? c. Are you writing about the effects of air pollution? d. Are you writing about the effects of air pollution?,Exercise 4. Listen to the

12、sentences 1) to 4) and choose one of the following to complete each sentence you hear.,a. She took the money. b. He borrowed the money. c. He was trying to give it back. d. He took the computer. 1) c 2) a 3) d 4) b,(9) stand with (10) in the sea. (11) sky (12) close (13) hope (14) stand with you on

13、a mountain, (15) in the sea . (16) sky falls down on me,Exercise 2 Listen to the following report and complete the fact file.,a flock of geese 一群鹅 miraculously 奇迹般的 bound for前往，驶向 water taxis水上计程车 crew 全体船员 fighter pilot 战斗机飞行员.,Part IV Video Viewing The Changing Roles of Men and Women,Vocab study rigid roles: firm, inflexible household chore