高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 专题八 非谓语动词课件.ppt

1、怎么考 在语篇语境中考查非谓语动词的基本用法，侧重作定语、状语、补足语的用法。 怎么学 在平时阅读、写作练习中，认真体会其基本用法，尝试运用。 怎么解 1.分析句子结构，确定设空处在句子中充当的成分(如状语、定语等)；2.搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。,.体验考向 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.(2015江苏卷)Much time _(spend)sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 2.(2015湖南卷)When the clerk saw a kind

2、face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，_(wonder)whether to stay or leave. 3.(2015湖南卷)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students_(talk)over what is bothering them.,4.(2015北京卷)_(catch)the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 5.(2015北

3、京卷)The park was full of people，_(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine. 6.(2015北京卷)If _(accept)for the job，youll be informed soon. 7.(2015浙江卷)Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it _(perform)live is quite another. 8.(2015重庆卷)_(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road

4、 to becoming a football star.,答案 1.spent句意：大部分时间坐在办公桌旁，办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。time 与spend之间构成被动关系，另外该题实际考查了非谓语动词的独立主格结构。 2.wondering句意：当店员看到一张充满善意的脸上挂着满怀歉意的微笑时，她呆呆地站在原地，不知该走还是不走。wondering 是现在分词作伴随状语，修饰动词stood。 3.to talk句意：有时候我充当同学们的倾诉对象，让他们通过倾诉释放心头的烦心事。for sb to do sth是不定式的复合结构，在句中作定语，修饰a listening ear。,4.

5、To catch句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预定了出租车并且很早就起床了。此处用不定式作目的状语，表示提前预定出租车并且早起的目的。 5.enjoying句意：公园里挤满了人，他们在阳光下玩得很开心。people和enjoy之间是主谓关系，且非谓语动词动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生，故用现在分词的一般式。 6.accepted句意：如果录用你做这份工作，你将会很快得到通知。句子的主语you和动词accept之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。,7.being performed句意：在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听音乐演奏是另外一回事。hear.doing.听到正在做，此处宾语it与动词p

6、erform之间为动宾关系，故要用现在分词的被动形式作宾语补足语。 8.Raised句意：因为是在Glasgow 最贫穷的地区被抚养大，成为一名足球明星，他走过了一段很长很艰苦的路。分析句子成分可知此处是非谓语动词作状语，he和raise之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。,.语境感悟 用所给词的适当形式完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵，体会非谓语动词的用法。 A study _1_ (publish) in September suggests there is a _2_ (surprise) way to get people _3_ (avoid) unhealthy foods：chan

7、ge their memories.Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers _4_ (answer) some questions on their personalities and food experiences.“One week later，”Lotus says，“_5_ (feed) the people，we told them to,type their answers into our smart computer and it came up

8、 with an account of their early childhood experiences.”Some accounts included one key additional detail._6_ (tell) that they had got sick after _7_ (eat) strawberry ice-cream，the researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured(人为促成的) memory through _8_ (lead) questionsWho were you with？How

9、did you feel？By the end of the study，up to 41% of those _9_ (give) a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick，and many said theyd avoid _10_ (eat) it.,答案 1.published过去分词做后置定语表示被动或完成。 2.surprising现在分词表示主动或进行，此处表示“令人的”。 3.to avoid此处get sb to do sth为固定搭配，表示让某人做某事。 4.to answer此处动词不

10、定式做宾语补足语。,5.Having fed分词的完成形式做状语，表示动作先于主句的动作。 6.Having been told分词完成形式的被动结构做状语。 7.eating介词后用动词的-ing形式做宾语。 8.leading同第7题解析。 9.given同第1题解析。 10.eatingappreciate，admit，prevent，keep，avoid，risk，resist等只接动名词做宾语。,.正反探究 1.【误】 Having not finished his homework，he didnt want to go to bed. 【正】 Not having finishe

11、d his homework，he didnt want to go to bed. 解析非谓语动词的否定式中，not 必须放在非谓语动词的最前面。 2.【误】 She was the first person thinking of the idea. 【正】 She was the first person to think of the idea. 解析当序数词所修饰的名词带定语时，此定语通常由不定式来充当。,3.【误】 The question being discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 【正】 The q

12、uestion to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 解析being discussed 表示动作正在进行，而根据 at tomorrows meeting 可判断动作发生在将来，故用 to be discussed 表示。 4.【误】 This is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 【正】 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 解析作形式主语，代替动词的-

13、ing 形式，只能用it。,5.【误】 I could see the house having been beautifully decorated. 【正】 I could see the house beautifully decorated. 解析现在分词的完成式通常不作定语或补足语。 6.【误】 Having found the cause，the experiment continued. 【正】 Having found the cause，they continued the experiment.(Having foundAfter/When they had found)

14、解析作状语的分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中的主语一致，现在分词与其逻辑主语有主动关系，而过去分词则与其逻辑主语有被动关系。,.考点确认 一、非谓语动词的各种形式 非谓语动词根据其表示动作的发生时间和表示的意义可以 有不同的形式。,二、非谓语动词的句法功能 1.非谓语动词作主语 作主语的可以是不定式和动名词。,It is a great honor to be invited to speak here. Playing the piano is my hobby. It is no good telling him the news. 注意：it作形式主语代替动名词常出现在It is no use

15、/good doing.，It is useful doing.，It is a waste of time doing.等句式里。,2.非谓语动词作宾语 作宾语的可以是不定式和动名词，但是不定式一般不作介词的宾语。 (1)只跟不定式作宾语的动词 afford，agree，decide，determine，expect，refuse，manage，hope，want，fail，wish，ask，pretend，promise，happen，would like，set out等。 I cant afford to take a holiday this summer because of th

16、e project. He determined to return home early.,(2)只跟动名词作宾语的动词 advise，admit，appreciate，avoid，enjoy，delay，cant help，consider(考虑)，miss，finish，practise，imagine，suggest(建议)，escape，resist，risk，mind，feel like，insist on，set about等。 It was fortunate that Jack narrowly escaped being killed in a traffic accide

17、nt. Do you feel like going out for a walk?,(3)跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可且意义差别不大的动词like，love，prefer，hate，begin，start，intend，continue等。 She started playing(to play) the violin when she was four. She intended to come (coming) back soon. He continued studying(to study) as if nothing had happened. (4)跟不定式和动名词作宾语意义相同，

18、但形式不同的动词作“需要”讲时，need，want，require后接v.-ing形式与不定式所表示的意义相同，但是v.-ing形式用主动式，不定式用被动式。 Your T-shirt needs washing (to be washed). My bicycle wants repairing (to be repaired).,(5)跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可但是意义不同的动词 Well try to improve our studying method. You can try solving this problem in other ways. I meant to go，but

19、 my teacher would not allow me to. Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.,Remember to post this letter for me after school. I forgot telling her the time of the meeting. I regret to inform you that you didnt pass the exam. I dont regret telling her what I thought of her. After he had finish

20、ed his maths，he went on to do his physics. He shouldnt go on living this way.,3.非谓语动词作表语 作表语的可以是不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。,My wish is to be a scientist. The most important thing is to put the theory into practice. What she likes is watching the children play. The reason he gave was very convincing. He is sh

21、ocked at what happened to his son.,4.非谓语动词作补足语 作补足语的可以是不定式、现在分词和过去分词。,The mother urged the little boy to go to bed. I caught him reading my private letters. He went home happily with his homework finished. 注意：大多数动词后用带to的不定式作补足语，但表示“看、听、感觉”意义的动词及使役动词have，make，let后用不带to的不定式作补足语。,5.非谓语动词作定语 作定语的可以是不定式、

22、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。,Are you going to attend the meeting to be held in the hall? There is much that can be done about the problem arising from carelessness. Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. 注意：名词ability，chance，way等及有序数词修饰的名词后多用不定式作定语。作定语的不定式若是不及物动词其后需搭配适当的介词。,6.非谓语动词作状语 作状语的可以是不定式、现在分词、过去分词。,To pass the college entrance exam，we must work hard. I was surprised to find him here. Being busy，she didnt reply to her fathers letter. Having been told the meeting was