化学专业英语1.ppt

1、Part one Inorganic Chemistry,Lecture 1 Measurements Matter Electronic and Atomic Structure Periodic Table Nomenclature,Lecture 2 Gases and Liquids Solution Chemistry Acids and Bases Buffers,Measurement in Chemistry,Macroscopic properties,Microscopic properties,SI Unit - International System of Units

2、,British Units,Units,French: Systme Interationale dUnites,Meter stick,length,Scale,Weight, mass,balance,Pipet,Graduated cylinder,Volumetric flask,Volume,buret,Temperature,Thermometer,SI Base Units,Prefixes,Volume Cubic meter m3, liter,Density Kilogram per cubic meter kg/ m3,Temperature scale,F degre

3、es Fahrenheit C degrees Celsius K kelvin SI unit the absolute temperature scale,Tc=(5/9)(Tf-32),kelvin = degree Celsius + 273.15,Summary,buret pipet graduated cylinder flask mass degree Celsius degree Fahrenheit Kelvin density SI unit macroscopic property microscopic property significant figures,滴定管

4、 移液管 量筒 烧瓶 质量 摄氏温度 华氏温度 开尔文（热力学温标） 密度 国际单位 宏观性质 微观性质 有效数字,Atomic Structure,Mass number,atomic number,symbol,The Periodic Table,Electronic structure of the elements,Ground state electron configuration,1s22s22p63s1,Atomic orbital,Valence shell,Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds,Ionic compounds,Binary

5、 Compounds of nonmetals,oxyacids,Coordination Compounds,Ionic compounds,Positive ions (cations) - the elements and groups with positive charges,- monoatomic positive ion takes the name of the metal from which they are derived,- a metal forms more than one ion,Fe2+ iron(II),Fe3+ iron(III),ferrous,fer

6、ric,Cu+ Copper(I),Cu2+ Copper(II),cuprous,cupric,-ous lower oxidation states,-ic higher oxidation states,- polyatomic cation NH4+ ammonium Hg22+ mercury(I) / mercurous,Monoatomic anions named by adding the suffix -ide to the stem of the name of the nonmetal which they are derived.,Negative ions (ani

7、ons),N3- nitride O2- oxide S2- sulfide F- fluoride,H- hydride Cl- chloride Br- bromide I- iodide,Polyatomic anions,OH- hydroxide O22- peroxide CO32- carbonate PO43- phosphate,NO3- nitrate NO2- nitrite,SO42- sulfate SO32- sulfite,ClO4- perchlorate ClO32- chlorate ClO2- chlorite ClO- hypochlorite,Oxya

8、nions containing hydrogen,HCO3- hydrogen carbonate HSO4- hydrogen sulfate HPO42- hydrogen phosphate H2PO4- dihydrogen phosphate,-ate higher oxidation states -ite lowerer oxidation states,Per- the highest oxidation state Hypo- the lowest oxidation state,Compounds,CaCl2 FeBr2 (NH4)2SO4 Fe(ClO4)2 NaHCO

9、3,calcium chloride iron(II) bromide ammonium sulfate iron(II) perchlorate sodium hydrogen carbonate,Binary Compounds of nonmetals,HCl hydrogen chloride H2S hydrogen sulfide NF3 nitrogen fluoride,N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxide N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide NO2 nitrogen dioxide N2O3 dinitrogen trioxide NO nitr

10、ogen oxide N2O dinitrogen oxide,Greek prefixes: Di = two Tri = three Tetra = four Penta = five Hexa = six,H2O water H2O2 hydrogen peroxide NH3 ammonia N2H4 hydrazine PH3 phosphine AsH3 arsine NO nitric oxide N2O nitrous oxide,oxyacids,H2CO3 carbonic acid HNO3 nitric acid H2SO4 sulfuric acid HClO4 pe

11、rchloric acid HClO3 chloric acid,HNO2 nitrous acid HSO3 sulfurous acid HClO2 chlorous acid HClO hypochlorous acid,CO32- carbonate NO3- nitrate SO42- sulfate ClO4- perchlorate ClO3- chlorate,NO2- nitrite SO32- sulfite ClO2- chlorite ClO- hypochlorite,Oxyanions,-ic,-ate,-ous,-ite,Coordination Compound

12、s,Co(NH3)4Cl2 H2O,Central metal ion,ligands,anion,hydrate,Coordination Compounds,1. Cation is named first, followed by anion,2. More than one ligand of a particular type attached to central atom use Greek prefixes to indicate number of the ligands use bis- or tris- instead of di- or tri- for complex

13、 ligand,3. naming a complex ion: (reverse of the formula order) ionic ligands neutral ligands central,Cr(NH3)4Cl2Cl,Dichlorotetramminechromium(III) chloride,Co(en)3(NO3)3,Tris(ethylenediammine) cobalt(III) nitrate,4. Anionic ligands use suffix -o Cl- chloro CO32- carbonato OH- hydroxo CN cyano,5. Ne

14、utral ligands usually not changed exceptions: H2O aquo NH3 ammine,Pt(H2O)3ClBr,Chlorotriaquoplatinum(II) bromide,Cr(NH3)4Cl2Cl,Dichlorotetramminechromium(III) chloride,6. Oxidation number of central metal atom is indicated by a Roman numeral. if the complex is an anion, the suffix ate is added to th

15、e Latin stem of the name of the metal.,K3Fe(CN)6,Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III),K4Fe(CN)6,Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II),Potassium ferricyanide,Potassium ferrocyanide,Summary,acid-base reaction alkali metal alkaline earth metal allotrope isotope chemical formula empirical formula molecule halogen hydrate law of conservation of mass mass number metalloid neutron nucleus Heterogeneous Homogeneous,酸碱反应 碱金属 碱土金属 同素异形体 同位素 化学式 经验式 分子 卤素 水合物 质量守恒定律 质量数 准金属，非金属 中子 原子核 多相的 均相的,alloy oxyacid oxyanion prot