英文医学精品课件：nucleus and chromosome

1、Characteristics: Chemical, structural, functional,Morphological and structural shape: varied; size: M well organized structure: membrane, organelles, nucleus,nucleus nuclei,Chemicals: water, inorganic ions, small molecules, macromolecules,Critical difference：Compartmentalization（区室化）,原核细胞 prokaryoti

2、c cell,真核细胞 eukaryotic cell,The nucleus：a compartment of DNA,1. What is the structure of the nucleus ? interphase- mitosis phase 分裂间期-有丝分裂期 2. What are the chemical components of the nucleus ? 3. What are the functions of the nucleus ?,The functions of the nucleus:,Storage of genetic materials Repli

3、cation of DNA Synthesis and processing of RNA,visible at the interphase 分裂间期可见,Disappeared at the mitosis phase 分裂期消失,DNA dye- stained cells,Cells in the root of plant,Mammalian cells in culture (DNA fluorescent dye),Muscle tissue (H left upper: illustrating cartoon),The functions of the nuclear por

4、e complex:,A aqueous, selective, bidirectional channel with diameter 925nm, To separate and connect the nucleus and the cytoplasm,1、Small molecules 5,000Da (9nm) : defuse freely 2、Larger molecules (9-25nm): depend on the active transport by the nuclear pore complex,Q：who enter and exit the nuclear p

5、ores ？ （answer after todays lessons and review of Chpt 4) (or invisible structure,karyotype,Banding pattern,着丝粒,扫描电镜下分裂中期染色体,chromosome: Mitotic phase：coil, condensed, bar-like （visible under both LM and EM）,LM：bar-like karyotype：after being “painted”, the homologous chromosomes are numbered and arr

6、anged in pair to allow identification of the shapes and number of chromosomes banding pattern：fluorescent dyes staining to allow identification of the chromosomes,Scanning EM： H shaped（sister chromotids link at the centromere),interphase,M (anaphase),M (metaphase),M(prophase),间期染色质,分裂中期染色体,染色质 chrom

7、atin,染色体 chromosome,proteins,package (folding, coiling, condensing),Chemical composition 18(3):325-34 Structure and function of the nucleolus in the spotlight.,Dynamics of the nucleus and chromosomes,HeLa cell (stable expressing H2B-RFP) GFP-SENP3 (transfected nucleolar protein),Made by 于斌 in Yi Lab,Topics for student presentation in Sep.29,1.Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and mitochondria 2.Bartters syndrome and Na transport 3.Niemann-Pick disease and lysosomes 4. Progeria and nuclear lamin 5. Bernard-Soulier syndrome and cell adhesion 6.Crohns