虚拟语气(1).ppt

1、虚拟语气,虚拟语气概述,虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。例如： If I had time, I would certainly go to the movie with you. I wish I were a white cloud.,虚拟语气的表现形式,虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。例如： 1. God bless you. 2. If he were here, he would know what to do. 3. If you had come a little earlier, you would have met her. 4

2、. She suggested that we should keep emailing each other.,5. They should have arrived by now. 6. Should I have time, I would read the book again. 7. I wish I hadnt done that. 8. He talked as if he had seen it with hisown eyes.,虚拟语气的用法,虚拟语气用在非真实条件句中 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中 虚拟语气用在表语从句、同位语从句中 虚拟语气用在主语从句中 wish和as if

3、/though后的虚拟语气 虚拟语气用在其他句型中,虚拟语气用于非真实条件句,真实条件句VS非真实条件句 试比较： If it rains tomorrow, well have to stay at home. If I were you, I would accept the offer. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的假设通常有三种情况： 与过去事实相反 与现在事实相反 与将来事实可能相反。,非真实条件句中谓语动词形式,与现在事实相反（例句）,If I were rich enough, I would travel around the world.假如我很富有，我就会周游世界。(The

4、fact is that I cant travel around the world because I dont have enough money.) If I had a car, I should be very happy. 假如我有一辆汽车，我应该很高兴。 If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.假如我是一只鸟儿，我就会在空中自由飞翔。,与过去事实相反（例句）,If I had known her telephone number, I would have called her.假如我当时知道她的电话号码，我就会给她打了电

5、话。(The fact is that I didnt call her because I didnt know her telephone number.) If he had got up earlier, he could have caught the train. 假如他早点起身的话，他本来能赶上那趟火车。,与将来事实可能相反（例句）,If she were to marry Jack, she would be happy.如果她嫁给杰克，她会幸福的。 If I should go abroad, I would go to America. 假如我要出国，我就会去美国。 sno

6、wed(常用形式) If it were to snow(可能性较小) tomorrow, I should snow(可能性较大) should(would) stay at home.,友情提醒,1. 错综时间条件句 在错综时间条件句中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。例如：,If you had listened to the teacher carefully in class, you would know what to do now. （过去现在） If I were you, I wouldnt

7、have missed the film last night. (现在 过去) If they had left home in early morning, they would arrive in half an hour. (过去将来) If Mary should arrive today, she must have started three days ago.(将来过去),2. If的省略 条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，而把were, should, had放在主语前，用倒装结构。例如： Were it necessary, he would r

8、esign. Should he fail, he would never get another chance. Had they met 20 years earlier, they would have achieved greater success.,虚拟语气用于宾语从句,表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气从句中用“should +动词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此结构的动词常见的有：advise, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, sugge

9、st, recommend等。例如：,I suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.我建议会议延期举行。 The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. 医生要她卧床休息几天。 They demanded that their pay (should) be raised.他们要求增加工资。,友情提醒,1.表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中谓语动词所表示的动作均没有发生，这些“要求、建议、命令”等是否会执行尚不得而知。再如： They require

10、d that the book should be returned immediately. He suggested that we go for an outing this weekend.,2. insist作“力言”、“强调”，suggest作“暗示”、“表明”等解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。例如： The farmer insisted that he had never seen the camel. His pale face suggests that he is frightened.,虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句,在suggestion，proposal，order,

11、 decision, plan，idea，advice， desire等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词用动词原形或should 动词原形。例如：,My suggestion is that we should go there at once. What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening? An order has come that no language but German should be taught in the

12、 local school.,虚拟语气用于主语从句,1. It be + 形容词 + that (should). 用于该句型的形容词主要有：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising 等。,necessary,important,natural,strange,It is important that we should master a foreign language. Its necessary that we should ban smoki

13、ng in all public places. Its natural that she should come and take care of her aged parents.,2. It be +过去分词 + that（should）.用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如：desired，suggested, requested, ordered，required, proposed等。例如：,It is required by law that every family should send their child of the right age

14、to school. It is proposed that parents take care of their childs safety. It is requested that every guest arrive at the restaurant by 8 pm.,wish和as if/though后的虚拟语气,1. 动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，用were或动词的过去式；与过去事实相反，用had+过去分词或would/could have+过去分词；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/should (could,might)+动词原形。例如

15、：,I dont know her phone number, but I wish I knew her phone number. I wish I had taken your advice. I wish you would go with us tomorrow.,与当时（或更早的过去）事实相反的事情,请比较下列两句： You work too hard; I wish you didnt work so hard. （现在希望与现在事实相反的事情） You worked too hard; I wished you didnt work so hard. （过去希望与当时事实相反的

16、事情）,再如： 过去希望与当时事实相反的事情 He was so ill that he wished that he were dead. 过去希望与更早的过去事实相反的事情 I wished I hadnt spent so much money. I wished I had taken your advice.,as if/though,as if/though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气。从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式；表示与过去事实相反，had+过去分词；表示可能性不大，用would(might, could)+动词原形。例如： He talks as

17、 if he knew all about it. You look as if you had seen a ghost. It looks as though it might rain.,在虚拟语气中，无论主句中动词是现在时还是过去时，只要as if/though从句所指的时间与其同时，都用过去式，若非同时而是较早，或表示已经持续了若干时间，则用过去完成式。例如： He ordered me about as though I were his wife. I was so happy that I felt as if I had wings and could fly. He loo

18、ked as if he hadnt had a decent meal for a month.,注意as if/though从句中用陈述语气与虚拟语气的区别。 试比较： He walks as if he is drunk.(=He is probably drunk.) He walks as if he were drunk.(= He walks as if he were drunk, but he is not.),虚拟语气用于其他句型,1. 无“条件”的虚拟语气句 所谓无“条件”，指的是句子表层没有通常使用的if等引起的表示条件的句子，但其深层结构或是上下文中还是有条件的。这种

19、条件可以用介词、名词、连词、分词、不定式、定语从句或上下文等来表示出来。常用的表示无“条件”的词有：with, without, but for, or, but, otherwise, in case of 等。这种句子往往是有主句而无从句。例如：,1. But for your help, we couldnt have succeeded.(介词短语) 2. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.(介词短语) 3. Without the opening up,

20、China would not have achieved so much in the past 30 years. (介词) 4. Given the opportunity, he might have become a famous singer.(过去分词) 5. Cooked a little longer, the meat would be more delicious. (过去分词),6. To talk with him, you would know he is a frank man.不定式 7. With all the world to rule, he would

21、nt be content. 8. A gentleman wouldnt have talked like that.(名词) 9. Your refusal would make him sad.(名词) 10. I wouldnt be deceived so easily. (上下文,=If I were you, ),2. 含蓄条件句 有些句子中，没有任何表示虚拟语气的词、短语或从句，但仍要用虚拟语气。这时，要么省略了表示虚拟语气的部分，要么隐含在上下文中，称为含蓄条件句。例如： I would do anything for her. (if I could) Even stone

22、s would shed tears. (to hear the sad story) We could have won the battle. (but we were impatient),3. If only 谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在没有实现的愿望，用过去完成式表示过去没有实现的愿望，常译为“要是就好了”。例如： If only she had known where to find you. If only I could speak several foreign languages!,4. It is (high, about) time. 在该句型中，谓语动词用过去式，指现

23、在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。例如： It is high time that we were off. It is time that somebody taught you to behave yourself. It is about time that we should go to bed.,5. would rather 接从句，用虚拟语气。用一般过去式时，表示一个现在或将来的愿望；用过去完成式时，表示一个过去的愿望。例如： Id rather you paid the money yourself. Id rather she painted the wall green next time. Id