American-Education.ppt

1、American Education,Contents,Elementary Education,Features of American Educational system,Early colonizationPuritan settlers American RevolutionAmerican pattern of education After the IndependenceThomas Jefferson Northwest Ordinance of 1787 By 1850free public school, state-supported colleges and univ

2、ersities After the Civil Warproliferating of compulsory education laws After the turn of the 20cinfluence of federal legislature and government,History of American Education,American education, like all the other elements of American culture, is rooted in the Old World . When The Puritan settled to

3、the New World , they hold so strong spiritual belief that they consider the education of next generation was important to further “purify” the church and perfect social living. Therefore, the Puritans established schools as they set up churches. They formed the first publicly funded secondary school

4、 in America in 1635, called the Boston Latin School , and it is also the oldest educational institution in the country. Later the first American College Harvard College is established in Cambridge .,The Massachusetts Law of 1642 is passed to endow (资助，赋予) parents the responsibility for the education

5、 of their children. In 1647, Massachusetts passed another law for parental negligence (失误，过失 ) to education of their children. Towns of a hundred families must have a grammar schoolmaster who could prepare children to attend Harvard College. Then the American colonists established schools and brough

6、t in schoolmasters.,Harvard College yard,Ideals of American Education,Education is “Like a big window opening,” according to the English novelist Mary Webb. Americans are proud of the fact that the window of knowledge is never slammed shut for any of the nations citizens.,I American Perception of Ed

7、ucation,Puritan colonists,School as a source of spiritual advancement, is important to the preservation of religious freedom,I American Perception of Education,Thomas Jefferson,Ideals of democracy, equality and civic empowerment should be rooted in education.,Washington and his first five successors

8、,Washington,John Adams,Thomas Jefferson,James Madison,James Monroe,John Quincy Adams,Proposal of opening a national university in the nations capital if a student receives an F in a particular course, he does not get credit for having taken the course. College students must maintain at least a low C

9、 average in order to remain in school.,American universities offer three main categories of graduate degrees. In most fields of specialization, a masters degree can be earned by one or two academic years of study beyond the bachelors degree. A Ph. D. degree ( doctor of philosophy) usually takes at l

10、east three years beyond the masters. There are also graduate professional schools in medicine, dentistry, and law, among other fields.,To earn a Ph. D. in almost any field, the student must generally pass oral and written examinations in his specialty, produce a long research paper which makes an or

11、iginal contribution to his field of study, and pass reading examinations in one or two foreign languages.,The beginning of higher educationthe founding of Harvard College in 1636 a big enterprise with a complex system Four categories of institutions: the university the four-year undergraduate instit

12、utionthe college technical training institution two-year community college,Higher Education,The Ivy League: An association of eight universities and colleges in the northeast United States, comprising Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Princeton, the University of Pennsylvania, and Yale.,

13、Stanley Woodward, a New York Herald Tribune sports writer, coined the phrase in the early thirties.,Ivy League （常春藤联盟）,An association of eight universities and colleges in the northeast United States, comprising Harvard(哈佛大学), Yale(耶鲁大学). Princeton(普林斯顿大学), Brown(布朗大学), Columbia(哥伦比亚大学), Cornell(康乃尔

14、大学), Dartmouth(达特茅斯学院) , the UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA(宾州大学) .,Harvard University,The oldest institution of higher learning in America comprehensive university that mainly grants degrees engaged in scientific research established in 1636 named after John Harvardits first benefactor (捐助者),Harvard Un

15、iversity,Harvard University is the longest in U.S. history. It is one of the first-class academic institution which is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Harvard University has two colleges to recruit students, Harvard College and Radcliffe College, which recruited the students about half of all s

16、tudents at Harvard University. Ivy Harvard University is one of the school. Harvard University, founded in 1636, formerly known as Cambridge College. Born in London, the British minister John Harvard (John Harvard, graduating from the University of Cambridge in England) worked the British Institute

17、in 1637, and his work was very positive and was praised. He donated all of collections and half of his assets to the institute, and the school was renamed as Harvard University.,Outstanding academic achievements 7 presidents John Adams, John Q. Adams Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt Rutherford B.

18、Hayes, John F. Kennedy more than 40 Nobel laureates,Harvard University,Harvard(哈佛大学),Yale University,Founded in 1701 as the Collegiate School (联合学院) in Killingworth, Connecticut Renamed Yale College in 1718 after the donator Elihu Yale Became Yale University in 1887 The third oldest institution of h

19、igher education in America,3 major academic components: Yale College (the undergraduate program) the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences ten professional schools A wide array of research organizations, libraries, museums, administrative and support offices The Skull & Bonessecret student society co

20、mposed of up and coming political elites famous “bonesmen”: George W. Bush, John Kerry, William F. Buckley Jr. etc.,Yale University,Yale(耶鲁大学),Princeton(普林斯顿大学),Brown(布朗大学),Columbia(哥伦比亚大学),Cornell(康乃尔大学),Dartmouth(达特茅斯学院),the UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA(宾州大学),MIT,MITMassachusetts Institute of Technology Established in 1861 in Boston, moved to Cambridge in 1916 Institute of developing advanced administrative talents and scientific and technolo