international business chapter1.ppt

1、chapter 1,国 际 贸 易,International Trade,Instructor:Pan Yaqiong,E-mail: ,chapter 1,2004年世界前十大贸易国,资料来源：世界贸易组织,单位：亿美元,视频：中国出口居全球第二,chapter 1,新闻报道,2010年中国可能超过美国 成世界第一大贸易国(来源：网易新闻，2007-05-02 15:12 ) 本报讯 (记者 徐海星 骆建基) 到2010年，中国的外贸总额有可能超过美国，成为世界第一大贸易大国。 超越德国：贸易大国再上新台阶随着中国经济的持续增长，中国对外贸易走势红火。根据海关总署统计，今年一季度，中国进出

2、口总值4577.4亿美元，贸易顺差接近500亿美元，“中国制造”行销全世界，中国贸易大国的地位日渐稳固。记者昨从国家商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院获悉，预计今年我国的进出口贸易总额能够达到2.1万亿美元，增速在20%左右，这意味着中国将超过德国，成为世界第二大贸易国，而到2010年，中国的外贸总额有可能超过美国，成为世界第一大贸易大国。,视频：世界经济全球化,chapter 1,全球化对企业的影响,中国企业实体受金融危机影响出现倒闭第一案 全球最大玩具代工商之一合俊集团旗下两工厂倒闭，6500名员工面临失业!这是受金融危机影响，中国实体企业倒闭规模最大的案例。合俊是港资上市公司，在玩具界举足轻重

3、，世界玩具五大品牌中，合俊已是其中三个品牌的制造商。这样大型的公司的工厂，怎么会突然倒闭？ 玩具行业资深人士分析，全球经济放缓，受金融危机冲击，尽管该企业技术和规模在业内都处领先地位，但在这场广泛波及中国出口制造业的危机面前，合俊集团同样 “未能规避行业及业务环境造成的问题。” 有专家分析指出，“合俊集团东莞樟木头工厂的产品主要销往美国，其倒闭显然是受金融风暴和次贷冲击，从影响和知名度来看，这可以说是美国金融危机波及中国实体经济企业关闭的第一案。”,2008.10.16,视频：合俊倒闭,chapter 1,Chapter 1 A Brief Introduction to Internatio

4、nal Trade,chapter 1,1.1 What is International Trade about?,1.1.1 Definition International trade, also called world trade or overseas trade, in essence, is the fair and deliberate exchange of commodity and service across national boundaries. It includes import and export trade operations.,chapter 1,1

5、.1.2 The History of “IT”,Feudal Society,Primitive Society,Slavery Society,Capitalist Society,Socialist Society,视频：唐朝的对外贸易,chapter 1,1.1.3 Reasons for “IT”,课后阅读：P1-P3,chapter 1,1.1.4 Problems Concerning “IT”,Cultural Problems,Monetary Conversion,Trade Barriers,Problems,chapter 1,1.2 What should we le

6、arn “IT”?,chapter 1,Classical Trade Theory,Theory of Absolute Advantage,Theory of Comparative Advantage,Neoclassical Trade Theory,Heckscher-Ohlin Model,Modern Trade Theory,Intra-industry Trade Theory,Product Life Cycle Theory,New Factor Theory,Leontief Paradox,Free Trade Theory,Economics of Scale an

7、d IT,Imperfect Competition and IT,chapter 1,Protectionism Trade Theory,The Mercantilism Infant Industry Theory Strategic Trade Theory,chapter 1,贸易理论与学说,马克思主义的贸易理论,西方传统的贸易理论,西方当代的 贸易理论,西方的保护贸易理论,国际分工理论,国际价值理论,国际价格理论,比较优势理论 绝对优势理论,生产要素禀赋理论,规模经济贸易理论,产业内贸易理论,产品生命周期理论,经济一体化理论,跨国公司理论,重商主义,幼稚产业保护理论,战略贸易理论,

8、chapter 1,1.2.2 the Policy of “IT”,Free Trade Policy,Protectionism Trade Policy,International Cooperation (WTO),chapter 1,贸易政策与措施,发展演变,关税壁垒,资本主义确立时期,自由竞争时期,垄断时期,当代 发达国家,当代发展 中国家,非关税壁垒,鼓励出口与出口管制,区域经济一体化,贸易条约与协定,世界贸易组织,chapter 1,1.2.3 the Practices of “IT”,4.Payment in “IT”,6.Claim and Arbitration,5.S

9、hipping and Insurance,2.Quality, Quantity and Packing of Commodity,3.Trade Terms,1.General Procedures of “IT”,practices,chapter 1,1.3 Fundamental Knowledge of “IT”,1.3.1 Basic Conception Exporting & Importing Exporting : Sending goods to another country or region for sale or trade. Importing : Bring

10、ing in goods from another country or region for sale or trade.,chapter 1,1.3.1 Basic Conception,Balance of Trade The difference between the value of merchandise exports and the value of merchandise imports for a nation during a given period of time. Balance of trade = X-M XExport M=Import Favorable

11、balance (Surplus)X-M0 Unfavorable balance (Deficit)X-M0,chapter 1,Unfavorable balance (Deficit) The amount by which money flowing out of the country exceeds the money flowing into the country during a given period of time. Favorable balance (Surplus) The amount by which money flowing into of the cou

12、ntry exceeds the money flowing out the country during a given period of time.,? Evaluation ( Which one is good, surplus or deficit? ),chapter 1,chapter 1,1.3.1 Basic Conception,Value of Trade The value of trade is the total amount of a nations foreign trade, i.e. the total amount of import and expor

13、t within a certain period. Value of Foreign Trade Value of International Trade Volume of Trade The volume of trade is the value of international trade without the influence of the factor of price fluctuations.,贸易额：又叫贸易值，是一个用货币表示的反应贸易规模的指标。,对外贸易额：指一个国家在一定时期（如一年）出口贸易额和进口贸易贸易额之和，也称进出口贸易总额或进出口总额。它是反映一国对

14、外贸易规模的重要指标之一。,国际贸易额：专指世界各国出口贸易额的总和。,贸易量：是用进出口商品的计量单位（如数量、重量等）表示的反映贸易规模的指标。由于剔除了价格变动对贸易额的影响，因此可以确切反映一国对外贸易的实际规模。,chapter 1,chapter 1,2000-2009年我国进出口状况 (单位:亿美元),chapter 1,The Terms of Trade =,The Index of the Terms of Trade,1 Better off,1 No change,1 Worse off,1.3.1 Basic Conception,Terms of Trade,cha

15、pter 1,例如：以1990年为基准年，其进出口价格指数均为100；而1991年出口价格上涨7%，进口价格下降3%，即1991年出口价格指数为107，进口价格指数为97，则 贸易条件指数=107/97*100=110.3 即贸易条件改善程度为10.3%。,chapter 1,1.3.1 Basic Conception,Direction of Trade,Refers to the particular countries and kinds of countries toward which a countrys exports are sent, and from which its

16、imports are brought, in contrast to the commodity composition of its exports and imports.,对外贸易地理方向, 又称对外贸易地区分布或国别结构，指一定时期内各个国家或国家集团在一国对外贸易中所占有的地位，通常以它们在该国进出口总额或进出口总额中的比重来表示。 出口方向=对某国的出口额/该国出口总额100% 进口方向=对某国的进口额/该国进口总额100%,chapter 1,2006年中国出口贸易地区分布,chapter 1,2006年中国进口贸易地区分布,chapter 1,2008年7月中国前十位贸易伙伴

17、,chapter 1,1.3.1 Basic Conception,Composition of Trade The composition of trade refers to the composition of all kinds of goods in a countrys import and export. This index usually reflects the level of economic development, the industrial structure of a nation or the whole world.,对外贸易的商品结构是指一国在一定时期（

18、如一年）内各类进出口商品在进出口贸易总额所占的比重。一国出口商品构成取决于它的国民经济状况、自然资源状况以及对外经济政策等因素。,chapter 1,The Change of Trade Structure by Product, China,chapter 1,The composition of Chinas import & export commodities on July, 2008,chapter 1,2007年中国出口贸易商品结构图,chapter 1,2007年中国进口贸易商品结构图,chapter 1,1.3.1 Basic Conception,Dependence D

19、egree of Trade D = ( X+M ) / GDP * 100% X-export M-import ? Thinking ：which condition is better for a country, big or small？,对外贸易依存度, 也称对外贸易系数，是指一国在一定时期内的对外贸易总额（进口额与出口额之和）在该国国民生产总值（或国内生产总值）中所占的比重。反映了一国对国际市场的依赖程度。,chapter 1,chapter 1,1990年和2003年世界各国贸易依存度（%）,chapter 1,1.3.2 Classify of “IT”,According

20、to the direction Export Trade Import Trade Transit Trade An area in a port of entry in a coastal country that is established as a storage and distribution center for the convenience of a neighboring country which lacks adequate port facilities or access to the sea.,chapter 1,According to the natural

21、 character,Tangible (Visible) Trade (Merchandise Trade) Imports, exports and re-exports of merchandise. Intangible (Invisible) Trade (Commercial Service Trade) Items such as freight, insurance and financial services that are included in a countrys balance of payments accounts (in the current account

22、), even though they are not recorded as physically visible exports and imports.,chapter 1,According to the Frontier,General Trade Special Trade In the general trade system the statistical territory of a country coincides with its economic territory. In special trade systems the statistical territory

23、 comprises only a a particular part of the economic territory, for example where there are free circulation areas or free zones“.,chapter 1,General Trade & Special Trade,chapter 1,According to Whether the 3rd Party Attending or not,Direct Trade Indirect Trade Entrepot Trade The import and export of

24、goods which receive no further processing but are distributed from the entrepot facility which is chosen for its location and lack of restrictions on trade.,chapter 1,Producing Area （China）,Hong Kong,Consumer Area （USA）,Export Trade,Entrepot Trade,Import Trade,Direct Trade,Indirect Trade,Indirect Tr

25、ade,Direct Trade & Indirect Trade,chapter 1,According to the Standard of Economy Development,Vertical Trade : also call North-South Trade, the exchange of goods and services between developed countries (the North) and developing countries (the South). Horizontal Trade : The trade between the countri

26、es or groups which have a similar lever of economic growth.,chapter 1,According to the Method of Settlement,Trade with Foreign Exchange Barter Trade of goods or services without the use of money.,chapter 1,1.4 How to Learn?,1.4.1 Reference Books and Magazines 国际贸易实务英语（第二版）熊伟武大出版社 国际贸易教程（第二版）高成兴 人大出版

27、社 国际经济学(第五版)保罗.克鲁格曼， 人大出版社 国际经济学（英文版）Robert J.Carbaugh 机械工业出版社 国际贸易实务黎孝先 对外经贸大学出版社 国际贸易陈同仇、薛荣久 对外经贸大学出版社 国际贸易海闻、P林德特、王新奎 年国际贸易术语解释通则(Incoterm2000) 跟单信用证统一惯例（UCP600）,chapter 1,1.4.1 Reference Books and Magazines,国际贸易 国际贸易问题 国际经贸探索 世界贸易组织动态与研究 国际经济评论 世界经济与政治 对外经济与国际贸易,chapter 1,1.4.2 Information Sites,1.商务部： 2.世界贸易组织：/ 3.中国国际贸易发展网：