19科技文体的翻译.ppt

1、Translation of English for Science 有三个分词独立结构，（1）“the aggregate quantity amounting to from”;（2）“each additive ingredientbeing in ionic form and substituting for”;（3）“said additive ingredienthaving in the aggregate”。,39,【解析续】英语惯用长句，而汉语长句用得较少，因此在翻译中要善于按所述内容的逻辑关系拆句，拆成若干短句。主句中的“describes and claims”用减词法译

2、为一个词“介绍”即可概括其意义。“a body of polycrystalline dielectric ceramic material”可通过减词和变换译法译为“多晶陶瓷介质材料”。将长的定语译为汉语的谓语，同被修饰语一起构成一个主谓结构的句子，如这两个分词短语“falling within the area”和“containing at least one substitutional”原来都是作定语修饰“composition”的，将其译成汉语的谓语，与“composition”构成主谓结构的句子，而分别译成：“其组成在说明书上附图1d三元相图中处于A，B，C，E，F区域” 和“该

3、组成至少还含有一种置换添加物”。做到既忠实于原文，又不拘泥于原文的形式，使表达尽可能合乎汉语习惯。,40,例2： The Midnight Sun Researchers in Washington State are working on a generator that might replace internal-combustion engines in hybrid electric vehicles. It would give these vehicles a much greater driving range than solar-powered cars while nea

4、rly eliminating hydrocaron and carbonmonoxide emissions. And because the device operates at relatively low temperatures, its not expected to produce oxides of nitrogen (NOx).,【译文】 午夜太阳 华盛顿州的科研人员正在研制一种发电机，它可能取代现在用于混合式电动车中的内燃发动机，这种发电机能使电动车比太阳能汽车跑得远得多，还几乎不排放碳氢化合物和一氧化碳气体。此外，因为这种发电机的工作温度相对较低，所以也不会产生氮氧化物（

5、NOx）。,41,The patented device is a ten-inch-long generator dubbed the Midnight Sun. A burner inside the generator ignites a mixture of air and natural gas, heating a ceramic tube to more than 1,4000C; in effect, the tube becomes a tiny sun. Super-efficient but expensive gallium antimonide solar cells

6、 are arrayed around the glowing core to convert thermal energy into electricity that could power a car and charge its batteries. Because the natural-gas generator burns fuel continuously, carbon monoxide and gydrocarbon emissions would be one-fiftieth those of vehicles with internal-combustion engin

7、es.,【续】这种10英寸长的专利，别名叫“午夜太阳”。发电机内部的燃烧室点燃空气和天然气的混合气，把陶瓷管加温到摄氏140O度以上；实际上这时陶瓷管已成一颗小太阳。在这灼热的芯管周围排列着超高能的，但很昂贵的镓锑化合物太阳能电池，把热能转化为电能来驱动车，并给车上的电池充电。因为这种天然气发电机不间断地燃烧，所以一氧化碳和碳氢化合物的排放量只是使用内燃发动机车辆排放量的50分之一。,42,The researchers have already built a prototype of the Midnight Sun that is powerful enough to operate a

8、 small television. The next step is to construct an eight-burner generator that will be installed in the universitys Viking 23 vehicle. While the car could operate strictly on natural gas, its intended to run primarily on battery power. The Midnight Sun generator is a backup system designed primaril

9、y for recharging the batteries and for long trips.,【续】研制者们已经制造出一个“午夜太阳”的样品机，发出的电能足以供一台小电视机使用。下一步是制造具有八个燃烧室的发电机，并将其安装在该大学的Viking 23型车上。虽然这车只能烧天然气，但是现在让它主要靠电池能来工作。“午夜大阳”发电机主要用来为电池充电，供跑长途时使用。,43,The generator will produce 20 kilowatts, giving the car the horsepower of an early Volkswagen Beetle. Runnin

10、g on the generator alone, the vehicle could maintain a speed of 60 mph on level ground, but it would need help from the batteries in order to climb hills at that pace.,【续】发电机的功率将是20千瓦，和早期的大众公司Beetle车的马力一样大。单靠这台发电机，在平地上车速能维持在每小时60英里，但要以同样的速度爬上山坡，就需要借助于电池的帮助。,44,The primary obstacle to commercializati

11、on is the expense of the gallium antimonide solar cells: They currently cost about $300 apiece; and hundreds arc required for each of the eight burners in the Viking 23 car. The generator could soon be cost-effective enough to be used in motor homes, and boats, however. In these applications, the Mi

12、dnight Sun would serve as a co-generator providing electricity as well as space heating.,【续】这种车商业化的主要障碍是镓锑化合物的太阳能电池太贵，现售价约300美元一个。Viking 23车里有八个燃烧室，每一个燃烧室就需要好几百个电池。然而这种发电机可能很快在汽车旅馆和船上使用比较合算，在使用中，“午夜太阳”将起双重作用，既能供暖又能供电。,45,科技报道通常由标题和正文两部分组成。标题具备简明、新奇的特征。文字简短，往往在一行左右。汉译时也要简短精练，清楚明确，符合汉语习惯。正文紧跟在标题下面，其报道

13、要点和结论一般都在第一段集中反映出来，将人物、事物、时间、场所原因、方法、结果均交待清楚。技报道的文体特证是简短，用词造句比较通俗易懂，具体准确，有吸引力，较口语化，表达较为自由。翻译科技报道时，在语言风格上应符合原文的特点。科技报道大致分成一般性科技报道和专业性科技报道，如科技简讯、科技评论、会议消息、人物介绍、新产品专栏、书评等。,19. 2. 4 科技报道的翻译,46,例1： Underground Test in U.S. NEW YORK, Thurs., APP A nuclear device as powerful as 90, 000 tons of TNT was deto

14、nated a mile beneath the Colorado Rockies today in an experiment aimed at loosening vast stores of natural gas. The explosion of the devices three 30-kiloton atomic mechanism went smoothly.,【译文】 美国的一次地下核试验 美联社纽约星期四日电 今天，在科罗拉多落基山区地下一英里处，爆炸了一个能量为九万吨级的三硝基甲苯炸药的核装置。这是一次以释放储量丰富的天然气为目的的实验。 该装置是三个三万吨级原子结构，爆

15、炸进行顺利。,47,It was the largest nuclear blast so far in the Atomic Energy Commission project to stimulate massive stores of natural gas locked in rock formations. The AEC said only background levels of radiation normally found in the environment was recorded at a monitoring station at the blast site. T

16、he blast shock the ground at an observation area 11 miles from the site and street light go miles away in Montrose, Colorado.,【续】到目前为止，这是原子能委员会开发蕴藏在岩层中大量天然气工程所进行的一次最大的核爆炸。 原子能委员会说，爆炸现场监测记录到的只是当地环境所常有的基本辐射强度。 这次爆炸震动了离现场11英里处观察区的地面和90英里外科罗拉多州蒙特罗斯城的街灯。,48,Residents of Rifle, about 30 miles from the sit

17、e of the detonation, said they felt nothing. The AEC had predicted that the buildings in the town would shake. The National Earthquake Centre l80 miles away at Boulder recorded the blast 40 seconds after it was set off.,【续】距爆炸现场大约30英里的莱福镇居民说，他们毫无感觉。 原子能委员会曾预计该镇的建筑物会发生震动。 180英里外的布尔德国家地震中心四十秒后记录到这次爆炸。

18、,49,Center spokesman Jim Lander said seismographs recorded the jolt at 5.3 on the Richter Scale, which has no top limit. Mr. Lander said the tremor would be classed as a “locally severe earthquake which would cause damage”.,【解析】这是美联社的一篇涉及核爆炸和产生的地震方面的科学通讯报道，主题是美国为开发天然气进行的一次地下核试验，属一般性科技报道,对专业性知识涉及不深,也

19、不包含深奥的专业理论；所用的词汇大都属一般性词汇、基础性词汇,其对象为一般读者；特点是结构简单完整, 意思简明, 通俗易懂, 明白晓畅,一目了然。一句话为一个自然段表达一个中心思想翻译这类报道虽对专业知识水平要求不高，但必须清楚地了解不同专业所使用的术语。所使用的词汇大部分为一般性常用词汇，少量的科技词汇也属于基础性的。译文保持了原文的格式，每段仍为一句话。,【续】该中心发言人金兰德说，地震仪记录的震动强度为里氏5.3级，这种震动没有强度极限。 兰德先生说，可把这种震动列为“局部有严重破坏性的地震”。,50,例2： The Age of Spiritual Machines Since its

20、 beginning in the work of Alan Turing, the British mathematical genius who conceived of the computer, artificial intelligence has been overly anthropocentric. Its traditionalsome would say misguidedaim has been to build machines that are like humans. For example, the Turing test for machine intellig

21、ence holds that a computer is a genuine thinker if it resembles a human being to the degree that someone interviewing both the computer and a human by teletype cannot tell which is which.,【译文】 智能机器时代 人工智能的概念最初出现于设想出计算机的英国数学天才艾伦图灵的著作之中，从此，这一概念一直过分地强调以人为中心。人工智能的传统目标（有人说是误入歧途的目标）一直是想造出像人一样的机器来。例如，图灵的机器

22、智能检测认为：一台计算机要是能模拟人类达到乱真的程度，那么通过电传打字机，让计算机和一个人进行交谈，人们将无法区分谁是谁。,51,Against this background, it is not surprising that researchers in artificial intelligence often make believe that their inventions possess human qualities. Turing himself described a simple computational mechanism as a “child-machine”,

23、 to be “rewarded”, “punished”, and taught by a process intended to produce “discipline” and “initiative”. Turings child-machine was a creature that was taught by an inspector of schools but could not be sent to school without “the other children making excessive fun of it”.,【译文】在这种情况下，人工智能的研究人员经常要人们

24、相信，他们的发明具有人的特性，也就不足为奇了。图灵本人曾描述过一种称之为“儿童机”的简单的计算机装置，这种装置是想通过一种“守纪律”和“有进取心”的程序对机器人进行“奖励”、“惩罚”和教导。图灵的“儿童机”是这样一个“学生”：它由学监担任教学，但不能送到学校里去读书，否则，“其他孩子会无休止地取笑它”。,52,In a contemporary example, Daniel Dennett states that Cog, a robot under construction at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab, is to have an “inf

25、ancy and childhood”. Cog has “hips” and a “waist”, and will have skin and a face. Cog is to be “as human as possible in its wants and fears, likes and dislikes”. It will “want to keep its mothers face in view” and is to “delight in learning, abhor error, strive for novelty, and recognize progress”.,

26、【译文】作为一个当代的例子，丹尼尔丹尼特说，麻省理工学院人工智能实验室正在建造的机器人柯格有其“婴儿期和童年期”。柯格有“臀部”和“腰部”，还有皮肤和脸颊。它将“尽可能地像人样，有欲望，有恐惧，有喜好，有厌恶”。它会“把母亲的面容牢记心里”，而且“乐于学习，憎恶错误，努力创新，追求进步”。,53,Ray KurzweIl is another who anthropomorphizes machines: nanomachines (devices built on an atomic scale) have “brains”, “bodies”, “arms”, “hands”, and “

27、little fingers”. His new book The Age of Spiritual Machines, is an excellent example of the blurring of fact and fiction so common in discussions of artificial intelligence. He blends together present day technologies, such as artificial legs and breast implants, with those he foresees, such as comp

28、uters that store “migrated” human brains.,【译文】还有一个将机器人性化的人是雷库茨韦尔。他的纳米机器（原子大小的装置）有“头脑”、有“身躯”、有“手臂”，还有“小小的指头”。他的新作智能机器时代便是一个很好的例子，说明人们在讨论人工智能问题时往往对事实和虚构混淆不清。他把当代技术，如人工肢体和乳房植入术等以及他所预见的东西，如用以贮存“迁移”人脑的计算机，这些东西搅和在一起。,54,【解析】这是一段有关智能机器人的科技报道，属专业性较强的科技报道,对专业性知识有所要求，也含有一定的专业理论；词汇大都属一般性词汇,但赋予了新的意义，有点让人“眼花缭乱”。

29、翻译这类报道对专业知识水平有一定的要求，了解所使用的词汇、术语，尽量使译文简洁明了，通俗易懂，让一般读者也能看懂，这段译文做到了这一点。,55,例3： Animal Athletes The camel is a slow-moving creature. But what it lacks in speed it gains in stamina. This veritable beast of burden can walk 30 miles a day carrying a load that weighs half a ton. The kangaroo, with its long,

30、 muscular hind legs, is a marvel of fitness. Weighing about 200 pounds, it can thrust its heavy body into the air and clear a fence nine feet high. While airborne, this leaping marsupial uses its thick tail as both a counterbalance and a rudder.,【译文】 动物趣闻 骆驼属慢行动物，动作虽缓，却不乏耐力。骆驼是名副其实的负重动物，承载重量可达半吨之多，负

31、重日行30英里。 大袋鼠长着一双长而有力的后腿，特别健壮。袋鼠虽重约200磅，其沉重的身体却能腾空穿越9英尺高的栅栏。做空中腾越动作时，这种跳跃型有袋动物用其粗大的尾巴保持平衡，控制方向。,56,Never underestimate the strength of an insect. The tiny ant can boost burden 50 times its weight. And the brawny bee, when tethered to a small load on wheels, is able to haul up to 300 times its own wei

32、ght. The elephant is the monument to muscles. Its trunk alone, which can do everything from bulldozing a tree to delicately picking up a pin, contains amazing 40,000 about 70 times the number of muscles in your body.,【续】昆虫的力量不可低估。小小蚂蚁能搬动相当于自身体重50倍的东西；善飞的蜜蜂如果被拴在一个小小的带轮的负荷上，便可拉动相当于其体重300倍的重物。 大象可谓肌肉发达

33、的标志，单就鼻子而言，就有40，000个肌肉组织约为人体肌肉组织数的70倍！象鼻子无所不能，不仅能将大树连根拔起，还能从地上捡起细小的针头。,57,One of the worlds longest leapers is the flea: it can jump 13 inches-about 350 times its own length. For a person 6 feet tall, this would be like jumping approximately 2,000 feet, or almost seven football fields. No one yet ha

34、s leaped even as much as 30 feet.,【续】跳蚤是世界上最擅长跳远的动物，能跳13英寸，相当于其自身长度的350倍! 依此推算，一个身高6英尺的人就应该跳大约2,000英尺，相当于7个足球场那么远的距离。然而，至今还无人能跳过30英尺。,58,A seemingly inexhaustible jumper is the oriental rat flea: it can jump 600 times an hour for three whole days without stopping. The fastest muscle movement ever re

35、corded belongs to the mighty midge. This tiny, agile insect can beat its wings 133,000 times a minute, about 100 times faster than a human can blink an eyewhich takes all of one twenty-fifth of a second.,【续】鼠跳蚤当属远东地区精力最旺盛的跳跃型动物，能以每小时600次的速度连续跳三天。 据记录，有着骄人成绩的蠓虫是肌肉运动最快的动物。这种行动敏捷的小昆虫每分钟可振翼达133,000次，比人眨

36、一下眼皮的速度还要快100倍而人眨一下眼皮所需的时间是 l25秒。,59,By land, air or sea, birds are masters of locomotion. The ostrich outruns any animal on two legs, carrying its 300-pound body at 30 miles an hour. The fight of the Indian swift sometimes exceeds 100 mph. The gentoo penguin, by at least one account, can swim 22 mp

37、h. At this speed, the penguin keeps pace with one of the fastest-swimming marine mammals, the dolphin. (The World of English),【续】无论是掠越陆地，飞越天空，还是穿越海洋，鸟儿都应算是首屈一指。鸵鸟虽重达300磅，可两条腿比任何动物都跑得快，每小时可达30英里。印度的雨燕每小时飞行速度达100英里以上，巴布亚企鹅据说每小时可游22英里，这种速度和海洋中游得最快的哺乳动物海豚相比，毫不逊色。（英语世界）,60,【解析】这是一段有关动物运动研究的方面的报道。其中一些长句都按

38、汉语习惯分译成短句，尽管把“The elephant is the monument to muscles. Its trunk alone, which can do everything from bulldozing a tree to delicately picking up a pin, contains amazing 40,000 about 70 times the number of muscles in your body”和“By land, air or sea, birds are masters of locomotion”译成了“大象可谓肌肉的标志，单就象鼻子而

39、言，就有40，000个肌肉组织约为人体肌肉组织数的70倍!象鼻子无所不能，不仅能将大树连根拔起，还能把细小的针头从地上捡起来”和“无论是掠过陆地，飞越天空，还是穿越海洋，鸟都应算是首屈一指”，虽然在句式上有所变化，词汇上像“名副其实”“空中腾越”“首屈一指”“毫不逊色”等有点华丽，但毫无损害原文之意，反倒增添了“趣味”，使标题“动物趣闻”有了依据。,61,科普读物是普及科学常识的读物，它包括对宇宙万物各种自然现象的解释，对自然科学中各学科基本知识的介绍。它涉及的面十分广博，诸如物理、化学、天文、地理、生物、医学等无所不包。科普读物的读者主要是青少年，内容上着重常识性、知识性和趣味性，语言上通俗

40、易懂，深入浅出，多用普通常用词汇。翻译这类读物时应重视原文风格，语言优美，以引起读者的兴趣。,19. 2. 5 科普读物的翻译,62,例 1： Mp3 and Its Player I was introduced to the format of mp3 in spring of 1997, when I received a mass mail saying that mp3 files were banned and sites serving files would be shut down without notice. I hadnt even heard of them. But

41、 the real impact didnt come until six months later when a friend said I could have a copy of a new CD from his mp3 files.,【译文】 MP3和播放器 我最初听说mp3这东西是在1997年春天。当时我收到了一封群发邮件，邮件中说mp3文件遭禁，提供这类文件的网站将会被关闭而不再另行通知。此前我甚至都没有听说过这类文件。但是在六个月以后我才真正感受到它的影响，当时一位朋友告诉我说我可以从他的mp3文件里拷贝到一张新CD。,63,Five years have passed sin

42、ce then, and in that time the form has been fully embraced. Everyone with a computer I know uses them, and shares them with others. There have also emerged massive worldwide networks based on the sharing of these files, spreading terabytes of files to millions of users. And yet, you can t walk into

43、a store anywhere in America and buy a physical form of media embedded with mp3s.,【续】五年以后，如今人们已经完全接受认可这一形式。凡我所认识的有电脑的人都在使用这类文件，并和他人共享。同时也出现了一些建立在这类文件共享基础上的大型全球性网络，向数百万的用户传递着千兆字节的文件。然而，在美国，无论走进哪家商店，到处都买不到mp3文件的媒体物质载体。,64,Imagine if DVD players worked on the same philosophy. Imagine if you couldnt ever

44、 buy a DVD movie on disc, and the only way to get new content was to use cumbersome software tools in your PC, with an attached VCR as input. Then where would DVDs be now? But looking at the world of mp3s, you see that even despite that daunting hurdle, they are everywhere.,【续】试想要是DVD播放器也使用同样的工作原理，要

45、是你买不到DVD电影的光盘，而惟一获得新内容的方式是使用电脑中那些麻烦的工具，并以外接的录像机作为输入端，那么DVD的现状又会如何？但是只要看看mp3世界，你会发现，尽管有如此令人生畏的困难，mp3依然到处可见。,65,A whole industry has blossomed to sell players for your pocket, your car, and your home, and it has become the most popular method of listening to music on a computer.,【续】一个销售车用、家用和便携式mp3播放器

46、的企业已蓬勃兴起，而且已经成为用电脑听音乐最为流行的方式。,【解析】原文中的被动语态基本上都汉译成了主动形式，对第一段中的第一句和第二段中的最后一句在结构上略作了调整外，其余大都以原文词序直译而出，用词简洁，句式短小，表达准确。,66,例 2： Computers and People In future, cash will be used less and less. We may one day, live in a cashless society where all financial transactions are processed by computers without t

47、he use of cash. Transference of money will be through electronic fund transfer. The way we live will also be affected. We shall work shorter hours and have more time for leisure. There will even be no need to travel to work.,【译文】 电脑与人 将来有一天，现金将会用得越来越少。我们很可能会生活在一个“无现金的社会”里，一切金钱交易都由电脑来操作。金钱往来可以通过电子转账。

48、 我们的生活方式也会受到影响：工作时间将会缩短，休闲之时增多；要想办事，甚至可以不必远行。,67,Unemployment may also result. Many workers will be replaced by machines. People will need to be computer-literate and retraining is required for the people involved. There will be more computer crimes like theft of computer time, theft of confidential

49、 information stored in computers, unauthorized manipulation of computer information, etc. Large sums of money are involved. The criminals are rarely convicted because it is difficult to catch/charge them.,【续】也可能引起失业。机器将会取代很多工人。人们需要熟悉电脑，从事有关行业的人需要培训。 利用电脑作案犯罪将会增加：盗窃贮存在电脑中的机密；盗用电脑信息等等。作案金额款项巨大，而作案者则很难

50、定罪，因为不易将他们捉拿归案。,68,There is also the danger of more people knowing things we would like to keep private.The more information is stored in computer, the greater the possibility of it being misused or accessed by the wrong people.,【解析】英语被动句式，如“be used”，“are processed”，“be affected”，“is required”，“are

51、rarely convicted”，大都汉译成了主动式，如“用”、“转账”、“取代”、 “受到影响”、“需要”、“很难定罪”；个别的译成了“被”字句也是可接受的，如“being misused or accessed”“被无关的人盗用或攫取”；根据语境汉译时对英语句式 进行了调整，如“There is also the danger of more people knowing things we would like to keep private ”“人们希望秘而不宣的隐私也将遇到被较多的人探测出来的危险”。,【续】人们希望秘而不宣的隐私也将遇到被较多的人 探测出来的危险。在电脑储存的信息

52、越多，被无关的人盗用或攫取的可能性就越大。,69,例 3： Properties of Metals Metals are of great use to mankind because of their useful engineering properties. Strength is one of the important properties of metals. It enables them to resist external loads without incurring structural damage. Metals, possessing toughness, a p

53、roperty of absorbing considerable energy before fracture, bend rather than break.,【译文】 金属的性质 金属对于人类来说非常有用，这是因为金属具有若干有用的工程性质。 强度是金属的重要性质之一。它可以使金属承受外部荷载而不致造成结构破坏。由于具有韧性，金属在断裂之前能吸收相当大能量，能曲而不断。,70,Another property of metals is elasticity. Because of their elasticity, metals subjected to an external load

54、 are distorted or stained, and return to their original dimensions when the load is released if the load is not too great. Ductility is the capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking. That is why some metals, such as steel, copper and aluminium, can be drawn from a la

55、rger into a smaller diameter of wire.,【续】金属的另一性质是弹性。由于具有弹性，金属在承受外部荷载时会发生扭曲或变形；只要荷载不太过大，一旦荷载除去，金属又会恢复到它原来的状态。 延展性，是金属经受拉力而产生永久变形又不致断裂的能力。由于这种性质，一些金属，如钢、铜、铝，可以从直径较粗的金属丝拉成直径较小的金属丝。,71,Metals have still another property called malleability. This is also known as their ability to deform permanently under

56、 compression without rupture. So they can be rolled or hammered into thin sheets, foils or films, and formed into any shapes through forging.,【续】金属还有一种性质叫可锻性。即承受压力产生永久变形而不致断裂的能力。所以金属可以轧锤成薄板、箔纸，或薄膜，并且可以锻造加工成任何形状。,72,【解析】从这篇科技性文章的原文可以充分看出其科技文体的语言、时态、语句、文体特点，语言的正式性。开头第一句就是典型的书面体语言，“Metals are of great

57、use to mankind because of their useful engineering properties. ”多用短语形式，而不用短句形式，如用“because of”，而不用“because”加短句。用“of great importance”的抽象名词，而不用形容词形式“very important”来表示“很重要”这一概念。整个文章中，抽象名词使用很频繁。动名词，分词短语使用频率也很大，这都属于书面语特点。同时，在句式的组织与安排上颇下功夫，金属有这样和那样许多特点，这一类句式最容易重复，但原文中却分别采用不同的手法来表达。如说强度，则以强度为主语“Strength i

58、s one of the important properties of metals”；谈到韧性，便采用了不同的表达法，“Metals, possessing toughness, a property of absorbing considerable energy before fracture, bend rather than break”；在说到延展性时，则又换了一种不同的表达方式，“Ductility is the capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking”等等。词性的改变

59、、非谓动词的运用、句式的变化、从句的运用、语言的修辞等都充分体现了语言的正式性。,73,A goes twenty percent faster than B. A比B快20%。 A has increased by 200%. A比过去增长了200% A is five times longer than B. A比B长5。 A is longer than B by 2 inches. A比B长二寸。 A is three times as long as B. / A is twice longer than B. / A is three times the length of B. A的长度是B的三倍。 A is thrice /three times what it was. A比过去翻了两番,19. 3 科技论文常见术语的翻译（Translation of Terms in Scientific Papers),74,A varies inversely with B. A与B成反比。 A varies with B. A与B成正比。 As compared above 如前所述 acc