跨文化交际教程.ppt

1、Verbal communication,By Vivi-ECIT,1. Conversation topics,2. Compliments,4. Conclusion,Contents,3.Cultural Loaded Words,Conversation Topics,Chinese topics in general,The Problems we have: Invasion of ones privacy Little attention paid to the answers. (impolite) Too compulsive to others,Chinese ways t

2、o initiate conversation: where are u from? How old r u? Are u married? How much do u earn? Do u have children? How can I improve my english?,Conversation Topics,American topics in general,Eg: Its a nice day! I am so glad it is sunny. Who is your favorite basketball player? How long have u been work

3、as a teacher? Where are u from? Who is your favorite author? Do u have children?,American ways to initiate conversation: Hobbies A local or national events Holidays Jobs The weather Films/books Family,Impolite topics,Less,More,Age,Money: Salary How much for the things,Privacy,Compliments,Social func

4、tions: creating or reinforcing solidarity Nixon(1972) “on behalf of all your american guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the chinese people are justly famous for throughout the world. I particularly want to pay tribute, not only to those who prepared the magnifica

5、nt dinner, but also to those who have provided the splendid music. Never have I heard american music played better in a foreigh land.” greet people eg.A: you look so good today! You have such nice clothes. B: Thank you. I have had this for a while. exprssing thanks or congratulations eg. A: Thanks f

6、or the Xmas present u sent me. Its so nice and just what I needed. B: Im glad you like it. encouraging people softening criticism starting a conversation overcoming embarrassment A: hi, Mary. How r u? B: OK. How r u ? A: Im fine.(A long pause) B:Oh, this vase is really pretty. When did u get it?,Dif

7、ferences,Who compliment more, Chineses or Americans? Americans Who compliment more, Men or women? Men Eg. Man: You look terrific tonight, Mary. Woman: Flattery will get u nowhere, Joe.(laughing) Positively commenting on sth can indicate the speaker like to possess it ! Eg. I love your scarf. Its rea

8、lly pretty.,Semantic Formula,Manes and Wolfson(1981) claim that 80% of English compliments contain adjectives and 16% make use of verbs. eg: This was a great meal. You look so nice today. You did a good job. Thats pretty sweet of you. I like your haircut. I really enjoyed your class.,In Chinese, how

9、ever, positive words expressing compliments are mainly adjectives, adverbs and verbs. 这裙子真漂亮. 这房间真不错. 你经验真丰富. 你干得不错. 你很用功,进步也很快. 我特别喜欢你衬衫的颜色. 你该受表扬. 有个性,我喜欢 Chinese compliments begin with the pron 你或者你们, while English compliments with pron I,Syntactic Formula,English compliments NP is/looks really A

10、DJ (53%) u r so efficient. I really like/love NP(16.2%) I really like ur dress. PRO is really a ADJ NP (14.9%) Thats really a beautiful car.,Chinese compliments You V ADV(41%) 你干得不错. NP is ADJ(35%) 你的外套真漂亮. PRO is ADJ NP (9%) 那真是一幅不错的挂历. PRO V(deserve) O (5%) 你值得称赞. I like NP(4%) 我喜欢这张画.,龙-Dragon? 知

11、识分子Intellectual? 龙颜,龙床,龙袍,龙体,龙心大悦,望子成龙,龙凤呈祥,龙马精神,龙腾虎跃,龙的传人,生龙活虎,龙飞凤舞 Dragona huge evil, disgusting, horrible monster, stands for crime,evil,horror. Chinese Dragon 知识分子:college students, middle school teachers, medical doctors, engineers,interpreters,etc. Intellectual: people of high academic status

12、such as college professors. (fewer),Cultural Loaded Words,干部-cadre? Wrong Substitutes: Official, administrator, functionary (none of it is exactly the same!) 孔雀peacock 孔雀开屏，美丽的孔雀 As proud as a peacock(showing off, proud) 狗 狗急跳墙，狗皮膏药，狗腿子，狗东西，狗仗人势，鸡鸣狗盗，鸡零狗碎，狗苟蝇营，狗血喷头，狗头军师，狗屁不通 (derog) You luck Dog. Ev

13、ery dog has its day. He worked like a dog. You cant teach an old dog new tricks. (a pet dog,puppy, never eat dog),Flowers,梅，兰，竹，菊plum blossom,orchid,bamboo,chrysanthemum 梅：高雅纯洁（严寒季节盛开，色淡清香） 兰：高雅品格（长于空谷山岩，淡雅出香） 竹：正直，坚贞，廉洁，有气节，有骨气 菊：坚毅，清雅，淡泊（凌霜耐寒，清香飘透）,umbers,o 13-Jesus In European countries, avoid 13

14、,esp Friday 13th No marriage on 13th No 13th floor in hotels, no room with 13 No 6,8,9 in China顺，发，久,Names,唐僧，孙悟空，猪八戒，关羽，曹操，西门庆，林黛玉，红娘，陈世美等 他就是现代的陈世美！ 你怎么跟唐僧一样啊 他是活张飞。 真是个林。 Cinderella: 不受重视的人或部门，或指有才干但一时未被赏识的人。 Shylock:心狠手辣惟利是图的小人。 Waterloo(Belgium): to meet ones Waterloo遭遇决定性失败,副 for title,公公狗,母狗,

15、小狗),hinking Models,Satoshi Ishii put Americans thinking models as Bridge Model directly only cross a bridge the H can get Ss meaning. Japaneses model as Stepping Stone Modelindirectly by periphrasis(迂回）and implication(隐含） o America is a country of LOW CONTENT. Japan is a country of HIGH CONTENT. Sta

16、tistics show american adults talk 6h 43m each day on average, while Japanese oly 3h 31m,Condon(1984) concludes Japanese characteristics in communication in his book With Respect to the Japanese: A Guide for Americans: Americans do not allow silence, which is understood as nervous, embarassing, shy o

17、r aggressive. While Japaneses regard talking too much as childish, immature and lack of knowledge. Americans help finishing others sentence as a sign of attention; while Japaneses seldom do that for its a sign of impatience and haughtiness(傲慢） Americans conveys directly whats in their minds, while D

18、irectness is lack of consideration of others feeling. Talking is the only way to communicate to most Americans, while to Japaneses, they have expression, gestures and costumes to help conveying meaning, besides talking.,Conclusion,A term in one language does not necessarily have a counterpart in the other language. Words or terms in bothe languages appear to refer to the same object or concept only on the surface, but actually refer to quite di