被动语态专项(最终版)ppt课件.ppt

1、,被动语态,1,一、语态 语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子主语与谓语的关系。当谓语动词表示一个动作时，它和主语有两种关系：主动语态和被动语态。,当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。,2,e.g. 1.Many people speak English. （主动语态, 句子的主语many people是 动作speak的执行者） 2. English is spoken by many people. （被动语态, 句子的主语English是动作 speak的承受者）,3,被动语态由“be + done”构成。与主动语态一样，被动语态

2、也有时态、人称和数的变化。,二、被动语态的构成,4,S(主语)+am/ is/ are + done,三、一般现在时的被动语态的构成,5,His brother washes bowls every day.,主,谓,宾(承受者),Bowls,are washed,by,his brother,every day.,四、主动语态变被动语态,6,eg.They make shoes in that factory. 主语 + 谓 + 宾语,Shoes are made by them in that factory.,一般现在时： S(主语）+am/is /are +过去分词,7,1. We u

3、se computers to search information. _ 2. The teacher often repeats the story. _,Computers are used to search information by us.,The story is often repeated by the teacher.,8,3. Bill looks after his cats carefully. _ 4. We dont often speak English at home. _,The cats are looked after carefully by Bil

4、l.,English isnt often spoken by us at home.,9,They play football on Sunday. Lucy does the homework in the evening. They often use computers in class. We make these machines in Beijing.,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Computers are often used by them

5、 in class.,These machines are made in Beijing.,10,Exercise,1.-Why does the earth look blue in space？ -Because most of the earths surface _ by water Acovers Bis covered CcoverDare covered 2. -As China grows stronger and stronger，Chinese _ in more and more schools out of our country AteachesBtaught Ci

6、s taughtDwas taught,3. Dont smoke here, Dad. Smoking _ in public places. isnt allowed B.arent allowed C. doesnt allow 4. Every day, too much water in our school. We should save it. is wasted B. wastes C. was wasted D. wasted 5. Have you heard of the song Little Apple? -Yes. It _every morning when ag

7、ed people do square dancing downstairs. A. is played B. plays C. was played D. played,11,一般现在时的被动语态的句式变化,12,被动语态的肯定句：,否定句： English isnt spoken by us.,主动语态的肯定句： We speak English.,一般疑问句： Is English spoken by us?,肯定回答： Yes, it is.,否定回答： No, it isnt.,English is spoken by us.,13,1.Jim uses this computer

8、every day.,2.Lucys mother often waters these flowers.,This computer is used by Jim every day.,These flowers are often watered by Lucys mother.,变为否定和一般疑问句,This computer isnt used by Jim every day.,Is this computer used by Jim every day?,变为否定和一般疑问句,These flowers arent often watered by Lucys mother.,Ar

9、e these flowers often watered by Lucys mother.,14,He looked after the little baby yesterday.,主,谓,宾(承受者),The little baby,was looked after,by,him,yesterday .,六、一般过去时的被动语态,构成：S+was/were +过去分词,15,2. They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought by them last term.,16,They built the tall b

10、uilding last year. He took good care of his little brother yesterday. We cleaned our classroom just now. They used this room for resting.,The tall building was built by them last year.,His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.,Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.,This room was

11、 used for resting by them.,17,Tom will clean the room tomorrow.,主,谓,宾,The room,will be cleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,七、一般将来时的被动语态,构成： S+ will+be+过去分词,18,eg.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished by them in ten days.,19,We will have a sports meeting next week. Children will take

12、some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow. The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.,A sports meeting will be had by us next week.,Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.,A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.,20,八、现在进行时的被动语态,构成： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词 So

13、me workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now.,21,eg.Lucy is watering the trees.,The trees is being watered by Lucy.,22,九、现在完成时的被动语态,构成： S+ have/has + been +过去分词,We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us.,23,eg.We have finished our co

14、mpositions.,Our compositions have been finished by us.,24,Amy can take good care of Gina ,Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.,构成： S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,十、情态动词的被动语态,25,1.He can take care of the baby. 2.Lucy may draw the pictures. 3.You must turn off the lights. 4.They should learn Engli

15、sh well.,The baby can be taken care of by him.,The picture may be drawn by Lucy.,The lights must be turned off by you.,English should be learned well by them.,26,Exercises： 1.Many people speak English. 2.People used knives for cutting things. 3.We can use the box as a table. 4.We should clean the cl

16、assroom every day. 5.She will repair the bike tomorrow.,English is spoken by many people.,Knifves were used by people for cutting things.,The box can be used by us as a table.,The classroom should be cleanedd by us every day.,The bike will be repaired by her tomorrow.,27,各种时态的被动语态构成,一般现在时： 一般过去时： 一般

17、将来时： 现在进行时： 过去进行时： 现在完成时： 情态动词：,S+ am/is /are + done,S+can/may/must/should+be+done,S+ will + be + done,S+ am/is/are + being+ done,S+ have/has + been+ done,S+ was/were + done,各种时态的被动语态构成,S+ was/were + being+ done,28,被动语态的几种类型,1.使役动词的被动语态,make sb do let sb. do have sb.do,be made to do be let to do be

18、had to do,Eg. I made him stay outside.,He was made to stay outside by me.,29,see sb. do hear sb. do watch sb. do,be seen to do be heard to do be watched to do,eg. I saw her go out.,She was seen to go out by me.,注意: see sb. doing hear sb. doing watch sb. doing,be seen doing be heard doing be watched

19、doing,Eg. I hear her reading English .,She is heard reading English.,2.感官动词的被动语态,30,即feel , hear , listen ,look , watch , see , notice ， have , make , let这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加to，但变被动句时必须加to.,(1).I saw him play basketball last Sunday.,He,was seen,to play basketball last Sunday by me.,(2).We heard them

20、sing in the classroom.,They,were heard,to sing in the classroom by us.,31,Try the following: 1. They made us do all the work. 2. I often see him walk to school. 3. Did you see them get off the bus? 4. Was Lily heard to sing upstairs last night? (you) 5. The girl was seen _ with her mother at 8:00 ye

21、sterday. A. quarrel B. quarreling C. to quarrel D. quarreled,Were they seen to get off the bus by you?,Did you hear Lily sing upstairs last night?,B,We were made to do all the work by them.,He is often seen to walk to school by me.,32,help sb (to) do - be helped to do. He helped the old man (to) cle

22、an the room. The old man was helped to clean the room.,3.help sb (to) do,33,4.带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语， 指人的宾语叫间接宾语）,常见的接双宾语的动词有: to: pass, give, tell, lend, teach, show, bring, hand for: make, buy, draw, sing, get,以“人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样； 以“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for.,34,如：1.He gave me a book. I was given

23、 a book by him. A book was given to me by Tom.,give me a book,间,直,= give a book to me,直,间,2. I bought him a book. He was bought a book by me. A book was buoght for him by me.,buy him a book,= buy a book for me,间,直,直,间,35,如：1.He showed me a book yesterday. I was shown a book by him yesterday.（以I做主语）

24、A book was shown to me by him yesterday. （以物a book作主语） 2.He teaches us English. We are taught English by him. （以人当主语） English is taught to us by him. （以物作主语）,36,Try the following: 1. The teacher gave Jim some books. 2. His parents bought him a new bike.,Jim was given some books by the teacher.,Some

25、books were given to Jim by the teacher.,He was bought a new bike by his parents.,A new bike was bought for him by his parents.,37,We know that the West Lake is very beautiful. It is known that the West Lake is very beautiful. They say that Father Christmas is based on a real person. It is said that

26、Father Christmas is based on a real person.,5.当主动语态的宾语是句子时（即是宾语从句），变为被动语态时通常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。,38,a girl called Cuihua 一个叫翠花的女孩 a book bought yesterday 一本昨天买的书,get/make/have sth done 使某物被,make me understood 使我被理解/使人理解我 have my hair cut 使我头发被剪/请人给我剪头,6.过去分词做后置定语，表示被动,7.过去分词做宾补，表示被动,39,（1）、主语是物，谓语是

27、表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有write /wash/sell/ run well等。例如：,The machine runs well. This pen writes well. The book sells well.,主动形式表示被动意义。,40,（2）系表结构look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear, seem等。例如：,Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt,C,Your idea

28、sounds reasonable.,41,（3）、 sth .need / require doing =sth. need / require to be done,Youve come just in time to help us. Fine, what requires doing? (=Fine, what requires to be done?) This sentence needs _ . A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved,C,（4）come out / run out/come true,42,1.

29、 有的be +done 形式是系表结构 The cup is broken . The store is usually closed at 6:00 a.m.,注意,eg. The doctor looked after the patient carefully.,2. 动词短语变被动语态时, 后面的介词不能省。,The patient was looked after carefully by the doctor.,43,（1）there be 句式没有被动语态。,(2)不及物动词没有被动语态。 (happen, come true, come, go ),（3）宾语是反身代词或相互代

30、词时。 We often help each other. He taught himself.,不能用于被动语态的几种情况,44,(4)当谓语是表状态的及物动词时 (如have , like , take place , belong to ） I like these flowers. 我喜欢这些花。 I will have a meeting. 不说A meeting will be had. 应说A meeting will be held .,(5)系表结构的句子没有被动。 （look, sound, feel, taste, smell）,eg. He looks sad. It

31、feels soft. It taste delicious.,45,八、初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1be covered with被覆盖2be made of由制作（发生物理变化） be made from由制作（发生化学变化） be made in由（某地）制造 be made by被（某人）制造3be used for被用来 be used as被当作（作为）来使用 be used to do sth被用来做某事4It is said/reported/believed that 据说/据报道/ 人们相信 It is hoped that希望 It is well-known t

32、hat众所周知,46,把下列句子变成被动语态: A car knocked him down yesterday. 2）Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team 3）When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree,A fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.,He was knocked down by a car yesterday,The medical team is made up of by two,Practi

33、ce,47,把下列句子变成被动语态: A car knocked him down yesterday. 2）Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team 3）When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree,A fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.,He was knocked down by a car yesterday,The medical team is made up of by two,Practice,48

34、,4)Well put on the play next Sunday 5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school 6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year,The play will be put on next Sunday,A new teaching building is being built by workers in our school,The railway had been completed by the end of l

35、ast year,49,填空（完成被动语态填空） 1. They often clean their classroom after school . （改为被动语态） Their classroom _ often _ by them after school. 2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上） A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week .,is,cleaned,was given by,Practice,50,3. A lot of people in China can speak English now . （

36、同上） English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now. 4. I have learned English for about two years. （同上） English _ _ _ for about two years. 5. They will publish these story-books next month. （同上） These story-books _ _ _ next month.,can be spoken,has been learned,will be published,51,中考挑战,52,1. Another

37、 man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (济南市中考题） another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态 2.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year. (青岛市中考题） 3. They grow vegetables on the farm. The vegetables _ _on the farm（上海市中考题）,They sent

38、up,were planted,are grown,中考题,53,1. In some countries , tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 2. Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980. A. have been taken place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place,3. The new type of car is going to _ in three

39、 years. A. turn out B. be turned out C. has turned out D. have been turned out 4. The woman murdered her friend and _ to _. A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die C. sentenced , death D. sentenced , die,被动语态专项练习：选择填空,54,5. Do you like the skirt ? It _ soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is

40、 felt 6. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who _ for ? A. are you waiting B. did you wait C. were you waiting D. do you wait,7. _ to know Professor Zhang. A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says 8. I want to sit at the table near the window. Sorry , _ already. A. it took B. it t

41、akes C. it is taking D. it has been taken,55,9. The letter _ three days ago and it_ yesterday. A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrived C. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived 10. He told me that the final examination _ next Thursday. A. is given B. will be given C. would have

42、given D. would be given,11. Water _ into ice. A. will changed B. must be changed C. should change D. can be changed 12. Plays _ twice a month in that theatre. A. put on B. are put on C. was put on D. often put on,56,13. The birds _ fly away last Saturday. A. let to B. is let to C. was let D. were le

43、t to 14. A strange sound _ yesterday evening. A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard 15. A beautiful bike _ him by his classmates. A. sent to B. will sent to C. was sent to D. will be sent for,16. Miss Chen _ just _ to speak at the meeting. A. has been asked B. has been asked C. Have been asked D. have