湖南大学机自英语教程.ppt

1、第八章 句量的改变,句量改变是指在翻译时可以跳出原文的框框，把简单句译成复合句，或把复合句译成简单句，甚至有些词组或短语也可译成一个句子，以求译文逻辑性强，更为通顺，这样，与原文相比，译文中的句子的数量可能增加，也可能减少，上一章“成份分译”中讲到的一些译法就使句量增加了。,一、句量增加 由于汉语在习惯上一般不使用长句，所以往往可以把英语中的某些短语或词组译成汉语的分句或从句，这样，句量便增加了。,1分词短语或独立分词结构译成分句或从句 如果分词短语或独立分词结构含有时间、条件、原因、让步、结果等状语意义时，往往可译成状语从句；如果表示伴随情况或与其所修饰的词之间的关系不十分密切，只起附加说明

2、的作用，则可译成并列句中的分句。,Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best conductor of all.,几乎所有的金属都是良导体，银是其中最好的。,2) Between the ends of the wire, there is a potential difference, making the electrons flow along the wire.,导线两端之间有电位差，这电位差使电子沿导线流动。,2介词短语译成分句或从句 有时，可以把在句子中用作状语（也可能是定语）的介词短语译成一个分句或从句

3、。,3) Possessing high conductivity heat and electricity, aluminium finds wide application in industry.,由于铝的导热性及导电性很好，所以在工业上获得了广泛应用。,1) For all its great size, the machine moves noiselessly.,尽管这台机器体积大，但运转却没有噪声。,2) In a generator mechanical power is put in and electrical power is taken out, instead of

4、electrical power going in and mechanical power coming out as in a motor.,发电机输入机械能，输出电能，而电动机却输入电能，输出机械能。,3) Copper is an important conductor, both because of its high conductivity and because of its abundance and low cost.,铜是一种重要的导体，因为它的导电率高，而且资源丰富，价格又低。,3动词不定式短语译成从句 动词不定式短语作宾语补语或主语补语时，如果谓语动词为know，fi

5、nd，consider，see，watch等，有时可与其宾语或主语一起译成一个宾语从句；位于句首作目的状语时，往往可译成条件状语从句，加“如果要”等词。,All metals are found not to conduct electricity equally well.,人们发现，并非所有金属的导电能力都同样好。,2) To compare the weights of two different types of objects, we should have to weigh equal volumes of each.,如果比较两种不同物体的重量，就必须取同样的体积把它们进行称量。

6、,4有些简单句直译不通时，或译出的意思不够完整或不符合汉语习惯时，可将句中的词序作适当变动，译成复合句。,The wrong power-line connections will damage the motor.,如果把电源线接错，就会损坏电动机。 试比较：错误地连接电源线将会损坏电机。,2) The substitution of rolling for sliding friction results in a very considerable reduction in friction.,滚动摩擦代替了滑动摩擦，结果使摩擦大为减少。 试比较：滚动摩擦代替了滑动摩擦导致摩擦大为减少。

7、,5英语科技书中，常用动词原形suppose、assume、imagine(祈使语句)+that引导的宾语从句表示假设或设想的情况，它与后面的另一个独立句的意思是紧密相连的。所以，有时可把这种结构译成条件状语从句，而把后面的另一个句子译成它的主句。,Suppose that you wanted to speed up the car. You would have to apply an additional force.,假如你想使汽车加速，就必须再加上一份力。 试比较：假如你想使汽车加速。你就必须再加上一份力。,2) Suppose that you wished to remove a

8、 large rock from your path. You would lift or push it out the way, using your muscles.,如果你要把一块大石头从路上移走，就得用力气把它搬开或推开。 （试比较：假如你要把一块大石头从路上移走。你就得用力气把它搬开或推开。 ）,二、句量减少 原文中的某些宾词从句、定语从句及状语从句，按其结构及考虑到汉语的表达习惯，有时可译成词组，有时可完全略去不译，这样，原文中的复合句在译文中就成了简单句。 1英语中的宾语从句，按其意思及具体情况，有时可略去不译或译成词组。,To learn is not an easy mat

9、ter and to apply what one has learned is even harder.,学习不容易，使用(一个人所学到的东西)更加不容易。,2) The structure of the steel and the resulting properties will depend on how hot the steel gets and how quickly or slowly it is cooled.,钢的结构和形成的性质，将视其（获得的）加热程度和冷却的快慢而定。,2英语中的定语从句有时译成主句的一个成分、与主句一起译成简单句 (可见“定语从句译成谓语”一节),T

10、here is no material but will deform more or less under the action forces.,各种材料在力的作用下多少都会有些变形。,2) Up to now, there is no fuel or chemical reaction known that could produce the suns heat and light.,直到现在，没有一种已知的燃料或化学反应能产生太阳的热和光。,3英语中的结果状语从句，译成汉语时可以加“得”字而形成补语，这样，复合句就译成了简单句。,Glass conducts so little curr

11、ent that it is hardly measurable.,玻璃所通过的电流小得几乎无法测量。,2) Atoms are so small that they cannot be seen at all with the naked eyes.,原子小得用肉眼根本看不到。,4英语中的强调句翻译时往往可把it is (was)that (which, who)略去，译成简单句。,Up to now, it is only the rocket which can propel space vehicle.,直到目前为止，只有火箭才能推进宇宙飞船。,2) It was not until

12、the 19th century that heat was considered a form of energy.,直到十九世纪，热才被认为是能的一种形式。,练 习 八 一、试将下列句子译成汉语，请注意斜体部分的译法 1. Without question industrialization does raise living standards and generally helps to improve the education of the people as a whole. 2. Electronic computers being used, the complicated

13、problem was solved quickly and accurately.,3. Known to man for thousands of years, metals are the backbone of our modern world. 4. Science and technology modernized, industry and agriculture will develop rapidly. 5. After having finished the design of the new precision measuring instrument, they beg

14、an to make it.,6. This problem is too complicated for us to solve in a few hours, 7. Two of the advantages of the transistor are its being very small in size and its being able to be put close to each other without being overheated. 8. Some robots can read an engineering drawing with one television

15、eye and find the necessary parts and assemble them to the drawing using another television eye and a mechanical hand and arm.,9. Some day perhaps, there will be factories producing television sets, tape recorders, cars, or other products with all machines operated automatically by a central computer

16、. 10. The sum of the energy lost and delivered by a steam power plant would be found to be exactly equal to the chemical energy of the fuel consumed.,二、试译下列各句，注意将主从复合句译成一个汉语单句 1. Only by learning what is advanced can we catch up with and surpass the advanced. 2. The telephone which people are to use

17、 before long will be a videophone. 3. He is very pleased with what I have done.,4. Substances which allow electricity to flow through freely are called conductors. 5. There is always friction in any machine. This is the reason why the output of a machine is less than the input. 6. If the carbon cont

18、ent of the steel is below 0.2 per cent, the product is mild steel, which is quite ductile.,7. This machine is so large that it looks like a hill. 8. Manganese steel is so hard that it is difficult to cut. 9. It is the space rocket which man uses to launch a space craft into space. 10. When was it that china launched her first rocket?,三、试将下列各句译成英语，注意划线部分的译法 1气体受冷却