unit 4-语调策略.ppt

1、语调策略,Zhang Xiaoling Dec. 9, 2010,句子的语调,语调：即腔调，是一句话里声调（pitch）高低，抑扬、轻重的配制和变化。 分类：英语有五种基本语调：升调（）、的降调（）、的升降调（）、的降升调（）以及平调（）。 语调的重要性： 句子意义=词汇意义+语调意义,A: Jane, can you bring me the newspaper? B: Sorry.,practice moreWhat is the implied meaning?,I（）live in the city. I live（）in the city I live in（）the city,隐含

2、着在场的其他人 不住在城里的意思,表示“我”只是“住在”城里， 其隐含的意思是 “我不在城里工作”或其他意思,表示“我住在城里边”，其隐含的 意思是“我不住在城外”）,Shanghai a world-class city? Please.,音调的相对高度所包含的意义,语调波峰表现说话人的暗指意义，态度口吻。,A: Mr. Smith thinks we ought to get the money in hand first. B: Who?,A: Mr. Smith .,A: Wed like to have someone to say a word at the beginning t

3、o welcome the group. B: Who?,A: We thought that you or Dr. Johnson might do it., 特殊疑问句一般用降调，但如果使用升调时含义有所不同，升调语气是用来使对话方重复其所讲的话。,特殊疑问句一般用降调，其功能是用来索取信息。,More examples,语调波峰表现说话人的暗指意义，态度口吻。, 附加疑问句可用升调或降调。升调表示发问者对陈述句的真实性没有把握，需要对方作出判断；降调则表示有把握，只需要证实。,A: You will finish the work, wont you? B: Yes, I will.,/

4、 No, I wont,W: Mary says she likes playing tennis. M: But she doesnt play tennis often, does she? Q: What does the man imply about Mary? She plays a lot of other sports. She doesnt really like tennis. She only likes watching tennis. She has a lot of things to do,M: How long shall we stay at the Gran

5、d Canyon? W: A day？ Q: What does the woman mean? We shall stay at the Grand Canyon for one day. Shall we stay at the Grand Canyon for one day? To stay at the Grand Canyon for one day is too short. To stay at the Grand Canyon for one day is enough.,语调波峰表现说话人的暗指意义，态度口吻。, 陈述句一般读降调，用以陈述事实。如果读升调，往往表示对所说事

6、情的怀疑、惊奇等。,M: I started driving at 8:00 yesterday and arrived here at 5:30 this morning. W: You drove all night? Q: What does the woman mean? Night driving can be exciting. You shouldnt have driven during the night. Why did you drive at night? When did you drive?,使用降调的一般规律,使用降调的句子一般有陈述句、特殊疑问句和祈使句等句型。

7、,陈述句,I am Mary Smith. I said to do it. He wants some chicken. Life is wonderful. He doesnt work part-time. Jenny enjoyed herself by traveling a lot. These places are the best ones in America. I think Peter has been working too hard. Its said that the pay in the US is quite satisfactory. His wish is

8、to become a good engineer. Television plays an educational role in our daily life.,使用降调的一般规律,使用降调的句子一般有陈述句、特殊疑问句和祈使句等句型。,陈述句, Ill call the doctor. There are several factors. She bought an umbrella. The air in the city is very dirty. Cars are most likely to substitute bicycles in the future. Your eff

9、orts and self-confidence would prove to be fruitful. Money cant buy everything.,使用降调的一般规律,使用降调的句子一般有陈述句、特殊疑问句和祈使句等句型。,特殊疑问句,What is your name? How old is the man? What time does the train leave? How many English books have you read? How long have you studied English? Whose handwriting is the best in

10、 his class? Where have you been all these years? Which film do you like best?,使用降调的一般规律,使用降调的句子一般有陈述句、特殊疑问句和祈使句等句型。,特殊疑问句,当句子较长，通常采用先平调、后升调、最后降调的读法。 How long have you lived here? What time did you get up yesterday morning? How much is the rent of this apartment? Why are you standing there and doing

11、nothing? What difficulties do you have in learning English? What are the differences between British English and American English? Where else can you find such strange animals and plants?,使用降调的一般规律,使用降调的句子一般有陈述句、特殊疑问句和祈使句等句型。,祈使句, Lets go now! Lets have a rest! Sit down, please. Open your book, plea

12、se. Dont look at your books now. Dont break the glass. No smoking! Never do that again. Please bring me those magazines. Please bring your wife next time. Please dont go there anymore.,使用降调的一般规律,使用降调的句子一般有陈述句、特殊疑问句和祈使句等句型。,感叹句, What a shame! My goddess! What a wonderful day! How strange! What nonsen

13、se! What a pretty gift it it! How wonderful it is to take a walk after supper!,使用降调的一般规律, You are a teacher, arent you? Lets go to the school together, shall we?,调调的语调意义： 陈述、赞同、肯定、命令、夸奖,使用降调的句子一般有陈述句、特殊疑问句和祈使句等句型。,反意疑问句的前半部分,使用升调的一般规律,使用升调的句子一般表示不确定、不完整、或说话口吻不限制别人，即较为礼貌。,常见问题 很多中国同学升调读不准，或发音古怪，根本原因在

14、于没有将重音读准，句子的升调应该从句子重音这个点上把调拔起来，而不是随意一升，或从后面的单词上升起来的。,使用升调的一般规律,使用升调表示怀疑和不肯定的一般疑问句。,Did you study Spanish? Can you speak it? Was Ann at her desk? Was she writing letters? Does Mary live in New York? Do you know her? Are you a student? Can you hear me? Have they finished the work? Would you like to ha

15、ve a cup of coffee?,使用升调的一般规律,使用升调表示陈述疑问句。往往表示惊讶或存疑。,陈述 Hes coming. She knows him. They didnt want to come. 陈述 Hes forty-two. Thats his wife.,存疑 Hes coming? She knows him? They didnt want to come? 惊讶 Hes forty-two? (I cant believe it! He doesnt look that old.) Thats his wife? (I cant believe that wo

16、man is his wife. Im very surprised.),使用升调的一般规律,选择问句前面的选择部分。, Do you want Coffee or tea? Was it Sally or Helen? Is it John or Fred? Is Billy hungry or tired? Was your sister happy or sad? Is this your bag or his? Do you like to go out or stay at home? Is the girl in red or the girl in yellow? Is this

17、 your mirror or mine? Is the book thick or thin?,More examples,使用升调的一般规律,反意疑问句的附加疑问句。,You are a student, arent you? You cannot speak English, can you? You have finished you work, havent you? Tom didnt get there in time, did he?,使用升调的一般规律,并列成串的词的语调中会出现升调，但句末是降调。, apples, bananas, and oranges Harriet,

18、 Robert, and Will TV, radio, and refrigerator classroom, library, and office weight, mass, and density import, export, and market businessman, and tradesman bus, truck, and taxi profession, occupation, and situation,MORE EXAMPLES,使用升调的一般规律,句首的状语 。, A moment later, she arrived home. Under the bed sit

19、s the fat cat.,有礼貌的请求 。, Take a seat. Follow me, please.,语气显得友好和关切的特殊疑问句 。, Where did you go for holiday? Whats your name?,Read the following,1. A：My car was stolen. B：When? A：Just a few minutes ago. B：When? A：Just a few minutes ago. 2. A：When are you leaving for Japan? B：Next month. A：When? B：On th

20、e fourteenth. A：When? B：On the fourteenth.,Read the following,3. A：I was in Chicago last week. B：When? A：Last week. B：When? A：On Tuesday and Wednesday. 4. A：Where did you see him last? B：In Georgia. A：Where? B：In Atlanta,Back,Read the following dialogue. A: The May Day holiday is coming. Have you ma

21、de any plan? Are you going to stay here or go out for a traveling? B: I havent decided yet. But I may go out. A: Where have you planned to go? B: I want to go to Shanghai, but I also want to visit Hainan. A: Then which will be your last choice? B: I dont know. How about you? Stay here or leave for o

22、ther places? A: I have decided to go to Taishan. B: By train or by plane? A: By train. B: You alone or together with others? A: Only myself. I prefer traveling alone.,BACK,Read the dialogue. A：What would you like to have in your breakfast：bread, egg or sandwich? B：Bread. A：And milk or orange juice?

23、B：Orange juice. A：What would you like for lunch：pork, mutton or beef? B：I think mutton is better. A：What kind of drink do you like most：red wine, beer or champagne? B：I like champagne. A：And among apples, oranges and bananas, which is your favorite? B：Banana of course. A：Do you always have meals out

24、side or in your house? B：I always have meals outside, because Im not good at cooking.,BACK,语调强化听说练习-陈述句,特点：陈述句中说话人的意思表达清楚、完整、语法结构独立，句末往往用降调。,策略 36,Everythings all right. Im not sure. It looks like rain. I must get my hair cut. Well be on time. This letter belongs to me. I think its time we left. I n

25、eed a lot of help.,9. Thats nothing to be so bb pleased about. 10. Shes got to hurry. 11. Ill be ready in a minute. 12. Hes very fussy. 13. The quality is excellent. 14. It isnt quite correct. 15. The matter is awfully ccccomplicated.,语调强化听说练习-一般疑问句,特点：一般疑问句通常用升调，但当对陈述句作出简略反应时，可以用降调。,策略 37,A：Does he

26、 speak English? B: Yes, he speaks English very well A: Does he? 2. A: Am I wrong again? B: No, you arent. 3. A: Is it your bicycle? B: Yes, it is. 4. A: Were there many people at her birthday party?,5. A: Do you have money with you? B: Yes, I do. 6. A: Shall I call a taxi for you? B: Yes, please. Th

27、ank you. 7. A: Will you do that for her? B: Yes, I will. 8. A: Is he a friend of her mothers? 9. Can you do this for me? 10. Can you do me a favor?,语调强化听说练习-特殊疑问句,特点：特殊疑问句通常用降调，但表示客气、友好、关心或反问时也可以用升调。,策略 38 (2”),Whats the date? What day is it? What does that mean? Which do you like best? Where shall

28、I meet you? Whats the use? Where ought he to sit? When was the letter posted?,语调强化听说练习-特殊疑问句,特点：特殊疑问句通常用降调，但表示客气、友好、关心或反问时也可以用升调。,策略 38,9. How do you manage it? 10. How are you getting on with your English? 11. Who are you? Im a student. Whats your name? My name is Jones. When were you born? I was b

29、orn on Oct. first, nineteen thirty four.,12. Where do you live? I live on Main Street in New York. How many are there in your family? There are five. 13. How are you feeling today? Im not feeling well today.,语调强化听说练习-特殊疑问句,特点：特殊疑问句通常用降调，但表示客气、友好、关心或反问时也可以用升调。,策略 38,语调强化听说练习-选择疑问句,特点：选择疑问句通常列出两种或两种以上

30、的情况供对方选择回答。连词“or” 前面选择部分读升调，句末读降调。,策略 39(3”18),Do you like this one or that one? Will the meeting start at three or at four? Shall we go to the cinema or to the theatre? Shall I read it to you or will you read it yourself? Are you going home or do you prefer to stay here? Are you going to do it now

31、or will you do it tomorrow?,We can come here another time, cant we? They all speak English, dont they? You havent finished, have you? They will join us later, wont they? You were late this morning, werent you? Everybody agreed, didnt they? He can come later, cant he?,语调强化听说练习-反意疑问句,特点：反意疑问句可以是对前面的陈述

32、句内容提出相反的疑问，也可以表示强调、反问或说话人的某种倾向，往往用升调。,策略 40(4”18),8. Try and do better, wont you? 9. Its a fine day, isnt it? 10. What lovely weather, isnt it? 11. You dont believe me, do you? 12. It looks like rain, doesnt it?,语调强化听说练习-反意疑问句,特点：反意疑问句可以是对前面的陈述句内容提出相反的疑问，也可以表示强调、反问或说话人的某种倾向，往往用升调。,策略 40,A: Do you mi

33、nd if I speak frankly? B: Not at all. Go ahead. 2. A: And can I leave early today? B: I dont see why not? 3. A: May I take Friday off? B: Go ahead. Its OK with me. 4. A: Is it all right if I smoke? B: No, I dont think so. Have you seen the notice there?,语调强化听说练习-许可疑问句,特点：许可疑问句时希望对方准许自己做某事而发出的疑问，说话态度

34、一般较礼貌且含蓄，语气往往委婉，经常用升调。,策略 41(5”13),5. A: May I have the honor of reading your poem first? B: Yes, certainly. Here you are. 6. A: Would it be possible to finish my homework later? B: Sorry, you know the rules. 7. A: Are we permitted to put books here? B: Yes, please do. Theres plenty of room. 8. A: I

35、s there any objection if I get married with John? B: Id prefer you not.,语调强化听说练习-许可疑问句,特点：许可疑问句时希望对方准许自己做某事而发出的疑问，说话态度一般较礼貌且含蓄，语气往往委婉，经常用升调。,策略 41,语调强化听说练习-祈使句,特点：祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等，语气强烈，一般用降调。,策略 44(8”),Come and meet my friend! 2. Look at the picture! 3. Please listen to the tape! 4. Come in, please! 5

36、. Do listen to the teacher! 6. Just do it!,语调强化听说练习-祈使句,特点：祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等，语气强烈，一般用降调。,策略 44,7. Dont speak to others with your mouth full. 8. Alice, you feed the bird today. 9. Dont you be late again next time. 10. Be seated.,How are you feeling today? I dont feel well today. Whats the matter with yo

37、u? Ive got a pain in my back.,语调强化听说练习-问候句,特点：问候句即嘘寒问暖的句子，话题诸如天气等应酬之类，一般用降调，后面有呼语时，呼语用升调。,策略 46(9”27),2. Whats the matter with you? Ive got a pain in my leg. How did you break your leg? I slipped on the stairs and fell down. I broke my leg. 3. Good evening, Mr. Brown. 4. Merry Christmas! The same to you!,语调强化听说练习-问候句,特点：问候句即嘘寒问暖的句子，话题诸如天气等应酬之类，一般用降调，后面有呼语时，呼语用升调。,策略 46,1. To understand the present it is necessary to view it against the past. 2. In spite of the difficulties, the work was soon completed. 3. Though no swimmer, she splashed about happily in the swimming pool. 4. At the very