商务英语综合教程第一册Unit8JobAndHealth.pptx

1、Unit 8,Job And Health,Content,Warm-up activities,I. Pair works Talk with your partner about the stress caused by jobs. II. Group work China faces a grave situation of workplace risks, which could hamper the sustainable development of labor resources and harm social harmony and stability. Migrant wor

2、kers account for up to 90 percent of occupational diseases and only a few of them know of the occupational disease prevention law-from China Daily. Work in small groups, discussing the occupational diseases you have known. III. Think about and then make a list of the job-related health problems.,Bac

3、kground Information,Anoccupational diseaseis any chronic ailment that occurs as a result of work or occupational activity. It is an aspect ofoccupational safety and health. An occupational disease is typically identified when it is shown that it is more prevalent in a given body of workers than in t

4、he general population, or in other worker populations. Thefirst such disease to be recognised,squamous-cell carcinomaof thescrotumwas identified inchimney sweepboys bySir Percival Pottin 1775. Occupational hazards that are of a traumatic nature (such as falls by roofers) are not considered to be occ

5、upational diseases.,Background Information,Lung diseases Occupational lung diseases includeasbestosisamongasbestosminers and those who work with friable asbestos insulation, as well as black lung (coalworkers pneumoconiosis) amongcoal miners,silicosis among miners and quarrying and tunnel operators

6、andbyssinosisamong workers in parts of the cotton textile industry. Occupational asthmahas a vast number ofoccupations at risk. Badindoor air qualitymay predispose for diseases in the lungs as well as in other parts of the body.,Background Information,Skin diseases Occupational skin diseases and con

7、ditions are generally caused by chemicals and having wet hands for long periods while at work.Eczemais by far the most common, buturticaria,sunburnandskin cancerare also of concern. High-risk occupations include: Hairdressing Catering Healthcare Printing Metal machining Motor vehicle repair Construc

8、tion,Occupational Health is a very important branch of Preventive Medicine. Its main tasks are to discriminate, evaluate, anticipate and control the effects of harmful labor conditions on the health of occupational public.,Occupational Health,Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social

9、 well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.,WHO，1994,OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH,The modern definition of Occupational Health (ILO and WHO) is:,“The promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations total health of all

10、 at work”,Definitions ILO 1993,Occupational diseases Having a specific or a strong relation to occupation generally with only one causal agent and recognized as such Work-related diseases With multiple causal agents, where factors in the work environment may play a role, together with other risk fac

11、tors, in the development of such diseases, which have a complex etiology Diseases affecting working populations Without causal relationship with work but which may be aggravated by occupational hazards to health,Text Analysis,1. One morning 10 years ago, a Halifax-based technician for Environment Ca

12、nada arrived at work to find a mysterious manila envelope on her desk. 10年前的一个早上， 一位加拿大环境部哈利怯克斯基地的技术人员到达办公室后，在桌子上发现一个神秘的马尼拉信封。 technician 1. N-COUNT A technician is someone whose job involves skilled practical work with scientific equipment, for example, in a laboratory. 技术人员 例： .a laboratory techni

13、cian. 一位实验室技术人员。 2. N-COUNT A technician is someone who is very good at the detailed technical aspects of an activity. 精于某项技术的人,Text Analysis,例： .a versatile, veteran player, a superb technician. 一个多才多艺、经验丰富、技能超凡的高手。 maintenance technician 修理行业的技术人员 laboratory technician 化验员；实验室技师 engineering techni

14、cian 工程技术员 lab technician 实验室技术员；实验技师 computer technician 计算机技术人员 skilled technician n. 技师,Text Analysis,mysterious 1. ADJ Someone or something that is mysterious is strange and is not known about or understood. 神秘的; 难以理解的 例： He died in mysterious circumstances. 他死得蹊跷。 例： A mysterious illness confin

15、ed him to bed for over a month. 一种怪病让他卧床一个多月。 2. ADJ If someone is mysterious about something, they deliberately do not talk much about it, sometimes because they want to make people more interested in it. 诡秘的v-link ADJ 例： As for his job well, he was very mysterious about it. 至于他的工作嘿，他对此十分诡秘。,Text A

16、nalysis,envelope 1. N-COUNT An envelope is the rectangular paper cover in which you send a letter to someone through the mail. 信封 2. PHRASE If someone pushes the envelope, they do something to a greater degree or in a more extreme way than it has ever been done before. 挑战极限; 突破常规 例： Theres a valuabl

17、e place for fashion and design that pushes the envelope a bit. 突破点儿常规的时尚和设计有其宝贵地位。 flight envelope 飞行包线 nuclear envelope 核膜；核被膜 envelope curve 包络曲线；包迹 push the envelope 挑战极限；接近甚至超越安全限度；越过底线,Text Analysis,2. Curious, she turned it over. Out spilled a chemical filter mask accompanied by a note from he

18、r boss. 她感到很好奇，于是打开了信封。一个化学过滤面具出现在她眼前，同时还有老板给她的一张纸条。 spill 1. V-T/V-I If a liquid spills or if you spill it, it accidentally flows over the edge of a container. 无意洒落; 意外溢出 例： He always spilled the drinks. 他总是不小心把饮料给洒了。 2. N-COUNT A spill is an amount of liquid that has spilled from a container. 洒落的液

19、体 例： She wiped a spill of milkshake off the counter. 她擦掉柜台上洒落的奶昔。,Text Analysis,3. V-T/V-I If the contents of a bag, box, or other container spill or are spilled, they come out of the container onto a surface. 使散落; 散落 例： A number of bags had split and were spilling their contents. 许多包裂开了，里面的东西正在散落出来

20、。 4. V-I If people or things spill out of a place, they come out of it in large numbers. 涌出 例： Tears began to spill out of the boys eyes. 泪水开始从男孩的眼里涌出。 oil spill 漏油；浮油 spill over 溢出 spill the beans 泄密；说漏嘴 spill out （使）溢出，（使）溅出；突然涌出；说出（真相、内情） spill into 涌进,Text Analysis,filter 1. V-T To filter a subs

21、tance means to pass it through a device which is designed to remove certain particles contained in it. 过滤 2. V-I If light or sound filters into a place, it comes in weakly or slowly, either through a partly covered opening, or from a long distance away. (光、声) 透入 例： Light filtered into my kitchen thr

22、ough the soft, green shade of the honey locust tree. 光线透过皂荚树柔和的绿荫照进了我的厨房。 3. V-I When news or information filters through to people, it gradually reaches them. (新闻、信息等) 逐渐传开 例： News of the attack quickly filtered through the college. 袭击的消息很快就在这所大学传开了。,Text Analysis,3. Ms. Hutchinson suffers from env

23、ironmental hypersensitivity, a condition that employers and even some doctors have traditionally viewed with some skepticism. 哈钦森女士患的是环境过敏症，老板们甚至是一些医生习惯上都对这种病症持怀疑态度。 hypersensitivity 1. pathological sensitivity过敏症 2. extreme sensitivity高灵敏度 delayed hypersensitivity 迟发过敏性；延迟（型）超敏反应 skepticism n. doub

24、t about the truth of something怀疑论；怀疑的态度,Text Analysis,4. Even if our offices are clear of mould, printer particles and more biohazards than a medieval infirmary, we can ruin our bodies by sitting and typing improperly. 即使我们的办公室里没有霉菌和印刷机微粒，也没有中世纪医院那么多生物危害， 但不正确的坐姿和打字方式向样会损害我们的身体。 mould 1. N-MASS Moul

25、d is a soft grey, green, or blue substance that sometimes forms in spots on old food or on damp walls or clothes. 霉菌 2. V to become or cause to become covered with this growth (使)长霉 mould proof 防霉 biohazard material of biological origin that is hazardous to humans 有害生物源质,Exercise:I. Answer the follo

26、wing questions according to the text:,1. What is it in the mysterious manila envelope on Charlotte Hutchinsons desk? 2. Why had been Charlotte Hutchinson suffering from headaches and nausea? 3. Why had her managers bounced her from office to office? 4. What does Ms. Hutchinson suffer from? 1. Out sp

27、illed a chemical filter mask accompanied by a note from her boss. 2. She attributed it to her workplace. 3. It is in search of one that didnt make her sick. 4. It is environmental hypersensitivity, a condition that employers and even some doctors have traditionally viewed with some skepticism.,5. Wh

28、at is the report Australian researchers gave about？ 6. Do you know what Ms. Hutchinsons biggest problem is? 7. When do the air Quality sensors go through the roof? 8. When has Mr. Haverkates business taken off? 5. Australian researchers unnerved cubicle dwellers the world over with a report showing

29、that laser printer emissions are as bad for the lungs as a lit cigarette. 6. Ms. Hutchinsons biggest problem was the air. 7. Sure enough, when someone has a large job going, the air Quality sensors go through the roof. 8. Mr. Haverkates business has taken off since 2003, when Ottawa passed a bill im

30、posing a legal duty on company owners to protect workers safety.,9. How could we ruin our bodies? 10. What are the most common factors that result in psychological wounds? 9. Even if our offices are clear of mould, printer particles and more biohazards than a medieval infirmary, we can ruin our bodi

31、es by sitting and typing improperly. Desk work f1attens out the lumbar portion of our backs and distends the muscles in the area of our shoulder blades, giving the seasoned office worker a distinct pear shape. 10. Those psychological wounds can be traced to a variety of sources, but the most common

32、factors in the workplace, Gilbert says, are overworking, underappreciation and bullying.,Word Practice Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the text. The initial letter of each word has been supplied for you. 1. They claim Chinas _ back is yet another fake. 2. Critics think human cloning i

33、s _ and frightening. 3. The theory is that this green technology will _ down to passenger cars. 4. This is always a hot point and front line_ about Internet economy in recent years. 5. Amid _ from friends, she retrained for a career as a personal financial adviser.,1. Bounce2. ridiculous 3. filter 4

34、. gambit 5. skepticism,6. If economies sink back into recession, further fiscal expansion _ markets. 7. What we are seeing here is Europes _ of the US subprime crisis. 8. The low or high of journalists _ quality determines its success or fail . 9. Such tariffs are a form of trade protectionism which

35、 would ultimately hurt_ them, he said. 10. His image is_ of the smell of old leather, old money and class. 6. unnerve 7. equivalent 8.occupational 9. impose 10. redolent,Word Practice Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words or phrases given in the box. Change the forms where necessary. suffer

36、from turn over attribute to no longer sure enough get out take off as to be sensitive to next to even if race to 1. The employees involved _ work at the firm. 2. _ I get recharged with fresh dose of faith, hope and confidence. 1. no longer 2. sure enough,3. His first step was _ all his money as a lo

37、an to congress. 4. But the company really started to _ after World War II. 5. _ Wolfen is Solar Valley, a cluster of renewable -energy companies. 6. _ they feel boosting money supply worth a try, few have a genuine conviction that it will work. 3. turning over 4. take off 5. Next to 6. Even if,7. A

38、recent World Bank paper was guarded _ whether the African surge would last. 8. The World Health Organization says more than one hundred twenty million people worldwide _ depression. 9. These have led to a certain extent, the price of the property market in Beijing during the Olympic _ float downward

39、. 10. How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be _ tourist spending? 7. as to 8. suffer from 9. trace to 10. attributes to,IV. Translation Translate the following sentences into English: 1. 一些国家的失衡现象似乎仍在持续。 2. 大部分职业压力的产生归因于缺乏意识的控制。 3. 然而，中国的军事进步的确使近邻和地区敌手不安。 4. 明智的怀

40、疑主义是造就一个优秀批评家的第一要素。 5. 毫无疑义，世界经济在接下来的几个季度中将得到反弹。 1. Some countries imbalances seem to be persistent. 2. Most occupational stress attributes to a perceived lack of control. 3. But Chinas military advances unnerve neighbors and regional rivals. 4. A wise skepticism is the first attribute of a good cri

41、tic. 5. The world economy will no doubt bounce in the next few quarters.,V. Reading comprehension Read the text carefully, and choose the best answer. WANT to be the next Xu Sanduo? The TV drama Soldiers Sortie (Shibing Tuji) might have caused millions of young people to dream idly of putting on an

42、army uniform and going off to boot camp. In fact, a large number of students graduating might consider doing just that. Last month, the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) announced that there will be 120,000 job openings this year for college grads3. So, one out of every 50 grads has a chance if he or sh

43、e would like to march down to the local recruiting office. Anyone enlisting will get preferential treatment in tuition compensation and in job. This decision comes against a backdrop of bad employment news and a cooling economy. This years recruitment quota outnumbers last years 39,000 by about thre

44、e-fold.,Its important to pull in fresh, talented people who can deal with the new equipment and a high-tech military to modernize the nations defense, said Bai Zixing, a senior officer in the PLA General Staff Department4. The age limit for college recruits has been raised to 24, and theres one more

45、 important policy change: Grads who have already volunteered to sign up can quit if they change their minds after finding another job before November, the deadline for enlistment. This gives grads an extra choice in starting a career.,The following is a list of preferential things that college grads

46、 qualify for if they join the army: A one-time recruitment payment of up to 24,000 yuan, to cover four years of college tuition and loans (this has to be returned if the person is forced to leave the army before completing the service contract). Priority in promotions and in getting admitted to mili

47、tary academies. Anyone with a bachelors degree or above and a good performance record can be promoted to the rank of officer directly, if they meet certain other criteria. An ordinary soldier may need a couple of years longer to get there. Anyone with a junior college5 degree can go on for a bachelo

48、rs degree without having to take the entrance exams. Anyone wanting to take the grad school entrance exam after completing their service can add 10 points to the exam results. Anyone getting a merit citation second class can enter grad school without taking the exam after completion of the service o

49、bligation. There are no restrictions on things like going abroad after the service period, unless one deals with confidential work in the army.,1. According to the passage, all of the following reasons make many college grads choose to join the army EXCEPT:_A) The Story of Xu Sanduo causes young peo

50、ple to dream to put on a uniform.B) The grads are facing a grim employment situation.C) The pay from the PLA is relatively higher than the grads can earn in other jobs.D) The PLA offers a series of preferential treatments for college grads who join the army.2. It can be inferred that about students

51、graduating consider join the army.A) 120,000B) 6,000,000C) 39,000D) 2,000,0001C2B,3. Besides the backdrop of bad employment news and a cooling economy, which of the following causes the PLA to raise this years recruitment quota?A) The TV drama Soldiers Sortie is high in the ratings.B) The PLA wants

52、to attract high-quality personnel to meet the need of hitech sector in the nations defense.C) The PLA is increasing the size of the army.D) Some students who have already volunteered to sign up may change their minds. 3B,4. Why does the author think that the grads are given an extra chance in starti

53、ng a career?A) The one-time recruitment payment offered by the PLA may ease the grads economic burden.B) The grads who join the army have more chances to further their study after completing their service.C) Grads who have already volunteered to sign up can give up before the deadline for enlistment

54、 if they can find another job that is more suitable.D) No restrictions are made on things like going abroad after the service period.5. The word confidential in the last paragraph could best be replaced by_A) conciseB) professionalC) creativeD) secret 4C5D,Writing Oral Presentation As one typed of p

55、ublic speaking, oral presentation is a kind o mental dialogue between the speaker and the audience. Being an integral part of your business career, oral presentation will enhance your professional growth. Generally, business presentation occurs in a conference room in front of only a few people. Thi

56、s is an opportunity to express yourself and impress others not only with your knowledge of the topic, but also your ability to convey that knowledge.,I. The elements of oral presentation Basically there are three parts to a typical presentation: the beginning, the middle and the end (or introduction

57、, body and conclusion). 1. Introduction Your introduction should accomplish two functions: 1. interest your audience; and 2. stimulate your audience to hear and remember your speech. Introduce yourself and your background if your audience is unfamiliar with your credentials. 2. Body Summarize the bo

58、dy into several points to make sure it is clear and hold the audiences attention. Use the same organizational patterns in a letter, memo, or a report. 3. Conclusion Since the audiences attention peaks at the close of a speech or presentation, when developing your conclusion, begin by telling listene

59、rs that youve about to finish, so that they will make one final effort to listen intently.,II. Sample of sentences in oral presentation: a. Get the audiences attention and signal beginning. Lets begin. Can we start? Lets get the ball rolling. Lets get down to business. b. Introduce yourself (name, position, and company). Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen, let me introduce myself. I am a researcher