定语从句 (2)

1、,Class begin,ATTRIBUTIVE CLAUSES,（一）定语从句的基本用法,定语从句是修饰名词或代词的 被修饰的词叫先行词； 定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。 关系代词： 1.先行词是人 who, whom, whose, that. 2.先行词是物 which, whose, that. 关系副词（从句中做状语）： 1.先行词是时间 when. 2.先行词是地点 where. 3.先行词是原因 why.,例句1： The man who/that was here yesterday is a middle school teacher. 1. 先行词 man（即从句修饰的

2、名词或代词）; 2. 关系代词 who /that（修饰人）。 例句2： This is the town where I was born. 1. 先行词 town （即从句修饰的名词）； 2. 关系副词 where （修饰地点，从句中状语）。,1.The boy who /that is standing over there is my brother,关系代词引导的定语从句,关系代词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。 E.g. Is he the man who/that wants to see you? （who/that在从句中作主语） He is the ma

3、n whom/ that I saw yesterday. （whom/that在从句中作宾语）,关系副词引导的定语从句,关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。 e.g. July and August are the months when the weather is hot. (时间状语) Shes going home where she can rest.（地点状语） Do you know the reason why I left early? (原因状语),判断关系代词与关系副词,把先行词放回从句，看它在从句中所作的成分。 1. 如果先行词在从句中作主

4、语、宾语、定语选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose)。 2. 如果先行词在从句中作状语，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。,1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.The girl whom I met is Lucy. 3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. 4.I like the book which you bought yesterday. 5. His parents wouldnt le

5、t him marry anyone whose family was poor. 6. I like the person to whom you just talked. 7. We shall never forget the days that we spent together. 8. We shall never forget the days when we lived together.,确定关系词在从句中的成分,练习,I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing. 先行词 “the day” 在从句中做状语, 表示时间:

6、 I first came to Beijing on the day. (所以用关系副词when。 2。I still remember the day ( _ ) we spend together. 先行词 “ the day” 在从句中做spend宾语： We spend the day together. （所以在该句中用关系代词which/that，并且可省略。）,which/that,when,3. This is the place _ we worked last year. 先行词 “the place”在从句中做状语，表示地点： We worked in the plac

7、e last year. ( 所以用关系副词where。) 4。This is the place (_) we visited last year. 先行词 “the place”在从句中做visited的宾语： We visited the place last year.( 所以用关系代词which/that,并且可省略。) 先行词在从句中做状语，用关系副词； 先行词在从句中做宾语或主语，用关系代词。,where,which/that,注意,判断关系代词与关系副词,5。 This museum is _ you visited a few days ago. A. whereB. tha

8、t C. on which D. the one 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 6。This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

9、,（四）限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句,定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句；非限定性定语从句常用逗号与主句隔开；关系词的用法基本相同。 限定性定语从句与先行词关系密切，对它有限制作用，如果去掉，句意表达不清； 非限定性定语从句只对主句起补充或说明的作用；从句部分去掉后，句意完整，表达清楚。 1. He is my brother, who is a doctor. 我有一个兄弟，他是医生。（只有一个兄弟） 2. He is my brother who is a doctor. 我有一个当医生的兄弟。（至少有两个以上）,下列情况必须用“that” ,不能用“which”: 1.

10、先行词是all, little, few。 Is this all that is left? (就剩下这一个了吗？) 2. 先行词anything, everything, nothing 。 Have you got anything that belongs to me? (你那有我什么东西吗？) 3. 先行词由none, much, only 修饰。 The only thing that is important is to find our way home. (唯一重要的事是要找到回家的路。),使用关系词应注意的问题,4. 先行词由序数词或最高级修饰。 This is the b

11、est film (that) Ive ever seen. (这是我看过的最好的电影。) 5. “time”做先行词表示“次”。 This is the first time that I have been to Beijing. (这是我第一次去北京。),只用which，不用that的情况：,在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指物时只能用 “which”，不能用“that”，而且“which”不能省略。 引导词前有介词时；,Practice(练习),1. The beautiful card is from my friend _ lives in Australia. 这张漂亮的明信片是澳大利亚的朋友寄给我的。,2. I borrowed the bike from Tom _ father is a teacher. 我从爸爸是教师的汤姆那借的自行车。,whose,who,4. We live on the earth, _ is much bigger than the moon. (非限定性定语从句) 我们住在地球上,地球比月亮大多了。 (“the earth”在从句中做主语),3.This is the earth _ we l