1.1.1雅思句子成分与句子结构

1、句子成分 p76,正确理解5种句子成分 英文里句子的组成成分细分起来主要有7种:主语、谓语、宾语(还有一种特例叫表语)、定语、状语、补语和同位语。其中，补语和同位语难度比较大，一般重点了解前5种就够了。,2.1 主语 主语是句子要说明的人或事物，可以由名词、代词、动名词(v. +ing)、动词不定式(to+v.)、what从句、that从句、how从句等组成。 动词原形不能作主语。 请阅读下面的句子，特别注意主语由何种成分组成。 some towns, cities, regions and countries seem to have better education than others

2、. fifty years ago in the uk, getting good grades and scoring high on tests were important but not critical to life chances.,it is important to keep calm and carry on while working under pressure.(主语后置) it is certainly true that scientists are gaining a clearer understanding of the outer space thanks

3、 to many years of research and better data. 满分范文: “it is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from high school.” 范文: “it is true that sometimes the amount of money they are able to earn in a short time cannot be justified by the am

4、ount of work they do.”,2.2 谓语 谓语说明主语的动作、状态或特征。谓语永远只能由动词构成。 请阅读下面的句子，特别注意谓语由何种成分组成。 today many local and national newspapers carry advertisements and information about holidays. spending time with other children and sharing experiences can make children more sociable(喜欢社交的).,2.3 宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词

5、之后。能作宾语的有名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、that从句、what从句、how从句等。 有一种特殊的宾语，就是当动词是be ( am, is, are )动词时，be动词后面的名词或者形容词也可以叫做表语。 请阅读下面的句子，特别注意宾语(或表语)由何种成分组成。 some adults use a computer for other purposes，such as getting information or emailing friends. a good writer does not just concentrate on the words，phrases and gram

6、mar that he/she uses，but his/her thoughts as well.,the world inside the school walls is different from the world outside those walls. the main concern is the type of computer activities that attract children.,2.4 定语 修饰名词的成分叫定语。最常用的定语就是形容词，还有一种用句子修饰名词的定语，就是定语从句了。 请阅读下面的句子，特别注意定语由何种成分组成。 employees nee

7、d to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work. in addition, the government should fund the parental support. they are more important to our well一being and our future than the stars who earn their fortunes so quickly.,2.5 状语 状语可修饰动词、形容词或者全句，可以由副词、介词短语、分词短语或者动词不定式构成。 请阅读下面的句子，特别注意状语由何种成分组成。 t

8、he majority of stars do not hold their top positions long. they are generally more confident than children who stay at home with their parents.,2.6 补语 所谓补语，在ielts作文里主要是宾补，即下面的这个结构: v+ n.十n. / adj.中的n. / adj.部分。 雅思口语中用到的补语结构特别多，但在雅思作文中，宾补结构则较为有限，一般只用来补充说明以下动词后的宾语: find/make/render,many people find th

9、eir rewards unfair, especially when comparing these salaries with those of top surgeons(外科医生)or research scientists. the recent graduates found the job market frustrating because of the economic recession . some individuals are concerned the internet will make/render international tourism obsolete(过

10、时的).(请注意render后面加的宾补多为负面含义，如useless/powerless等),2.7 同位语 social sciences, the sciences that deal with human life, came into being(形成)in europe in the early nineteenth century. 同位语就是一个名词的后面跟一个短语，解释说明这个名词，在雅思作文中体现的是一种要求并不太高的下定义能力。 范文: job satisfaction，a very important part of an employees sense of well

11、being，can be promoted in most jobs.,补语同位语理解,一，补语是句子主干之一，去掉了补语，主干就不完整了。 同位语在句法功能上就没有这样重要的作用，去掉同位语，主干仍然完整。 二，补语跟被它补足的那个成分之间有逻辑上的关系。比如，逻辑上的主谓关系：例1：the teacher asked us to clean the classroom.宾语us跟宾语补足语to clean the classrooom，就是逻辑上的主谓关系。例2：mr brain has just heard zheng jie playing the piano in a concert

12、 .,同位语跟它同位的那个成分之间，没有这样的逻辑关系。同位语表示对其同位成分的进一步的解释、介绍或强调。例1：this is mr. wang, our manager. our manager是mr. wang的同位语，这两个成分没有逻辑关系，our manager指的即是mr. wang；而mr. wang指的也就是our manager。即所谓的“同位”吧，“同样的位置”。这两个成分甚至可以互换，句子都依然说得通：this is our manager, mr. wang。例2：lu xun was respected by us chinese. 例3：but it was not

13、enough that he himself thought this.,句 子 结 构 p88,一：基本句型 二：简单句到复杂句的扩展方法 三：其他句型（存在）,一，基本句型,陈述对象+陈述内容 主语+谓语 谓语动词决定了一个句子的骨架结构 启示：（1）分析复杂句时，先找谓语。 （2）写句子时，要知道谓语动词的用法特点 写主体段的第一句话topic sentence和后面的分论点时常常用到简单句。希望大家不要不敢用简单句，其实很多时候简单句也有它的优势。 例句: employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways. the value of

14、experiments is not limited to sciences.,句型一：主系表 句型二：主谓 句型三：主谓宾 句型四：主谓宾宾 句型五：主谓宾补,句型一：主语+系动词+表语,谓语动词特点： 系动词的构成： (1)be动词 (2)感官动词（seem,look,taste,sound) (3)其他系动词 “变得” （appear, come, go, become，get),1. 梦想已经实现。 the dream has come true. 2. street signs, supermarket goods and even their own newspaper are a

15、ll in english. 街上的标牌、超市里的货物、设置他们自己的报纸均使用英语。 3.人们对坏消息显然要比对好消息更加好奇。 people are clearly more curious about bad news than good.,句型二：主语+谓语,谓语动词特特点： 不及物动词intransitive verb（本身意思完整，后面不需要宾语） iron rusts. tr. 第一印象很重要。 the first impression counts/matters.,句型三：主语+谓语+宾语,谓语动词特点： 及物动词（后面带有宾语，表示作用的对象。） tr. 教育满足需要。 e

16、ducation meets/satisfies the demand/need.,句型四：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语,谓语动词特点： 双宾动词：人+物 短语搭配,he showed the guard his passport. i am going to buy her a gift. = i am going to buy a gift for her.,句型五：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,谓语动词特点： 宾补动词：appoint, find, keep, make, prove, believe, think),they appointed john chairman. 主 谓 宾 宾补（名词做宾补） a hedge between keeps friendship green. 主