Discourse of News Report.ppt

1、Discourse of News Report,重点考察新闻话语中重要的言语表征类型引语的元语用功能，力图揭示记者如何在对他人话语的引述中叠加进自己的声音，如何在对他人话语再现的同时进行隐性评论的，以及在引述多方言语时，如何调动不同的引述方式以达到表面上均衡地呈现各方观点，但暗中却传达了一定的价值倾向的。,其研究的主要观点：,（1）新闻是一种典型的元语用话语。一个新闻报道一般包括两个内容：对事件的描述和对言语的描述，而在具有冲突性的报道中，关于事件所说的话比事件本身更重要。在新闻报道中，记者报道某个人物的言语，也就将一件过去的言语事件所具有的声音带到了当前报道进行的语境之中，新闻报道因此成为

2、“双重声音”，被报道者和报道者这两个不同的声音在报道中被叠加。而在报道一个事关多方的复杂事件时，记者往往要将多个人物的话语有机地组织到一个报道中时，这个叙事总体就不仅是“双重”声音，而是“多重”声音。,尽管Bakhtin将新闻报道之类的文体与小说话语中的被报道言语严格区分，认为在后者中作者意识形态视角对被报道言语的 “渗透”和“侵蚀”非常强烈，而在前者中，被报道言语的固定性、客观性和权威性使其能抵制作者的操纵，得以在外在框架上宣示自己的独立权力，但事实证明巴赫金显然低估了记者在报道中的能动性。,（2）根据初步调查，新闻中的引语主要有：直接引语、间接引语、自由间接引语和切取引语等四类。从直接引语

3、到间接引语到自由间接引语再到切取引语，这一系列的转换模式并不是一个中性信息渠道体系，而是一个渗入了报道者主体意识的操作体系，它既表达了报道者的看法和评价又没有伤害新闻的可靠信,。（3）大多新闻报道往往不限一则引语，而是多条引语，记者在处理具体报道时有两个可操作空间：一是引语数量，二是引语模式。报道者可赋予某方以较多的引语源和引语数量，建构一个彼此支持和证明的事实性网络，尽管报道者没有明确断言某方为真，但通过不同引语源和引语之间的互相证明，以凸显某方的真实性。另外，报道者还可赋予不同引语不同的引述方式来间接地表达倾向性。,（4）新闻报道实际上是一个单个的叙述声音讲述不同话语的混合物，报道者借助各

4、类引语在文本中达成的双重甚或多重声音实际上是报道者对于人物语言的操纵后的结果，在此过程中，报道者使人物言语朝着自己话语方向移动，“作者通过在本身已有并保持着其语意意图的话语中插入新的语意意图来利用别人的话语达到自己的目的”。从这个意义上，被报道话语实际上是被建构的，貌似客观的引语实际上只是新闻意识形态的又一个指示器，通过媒体及记者的意识框架，人物言语常常被肢解、曲解并打上不同的情态色彩。,正因为各类引语具有不同的功能，当特定语言中存在多种报道言语的方式时，选择其中一种而舍弃其他则往往蕴含着说话人一定的动机。,Kidnapped American Boy Wants to Stay in Bra

5、zil,Sean Goldman, the nine-year-old American who was taken to Brazil by his mother for a vacation and never returned, has told a psychologist that he wants to stay in Brazil.,In the transcript, released by the Brazilian familys lawyers on Wednesday, Goldman tells a psychologist that if he is sent ba

6、ck to New Jersey to be with his father David Goldman he will break down totally. At several points in the interview he says, I want to stay here in Brazil.,The boys father, David Goldman, told Good Morning America earlier this week that he was elated at a Brazilian Supreme Court ruling that the coun

7、try would abide by the Hague Convention, essentially clearing the way for approximately 70 allegedly kidnapped American children to come home, he said, including Sean, who was four when he was taken.,meet her grandson, Sean Goldman - the boy who was kidnapped by his own mother at age 4 and taken to

8、Brazil - Silvana Bianchi is back in Brazil where she arrived Easter night without having a chance to see or talk to the now 10-year-old kid. I am deeply disappointed. she told Brazilian reporters. It is a great cruelty to Sean and his family, adding: My grandmothers heart is deeply saddened. Bianchi

9、 lamented the decision of the American justice and stated that she knew that the main responsible for the verdict was Seans father, David Goldman. whom se accused of reneging on a promise to her that he would allow her to see the grandson in the United States. I think this was his personal decision,

10、 she said. Bianchi, visibly dejected, said she doesnt intend to go back to the United States until she receives guarantees that she can see her grandson. A new hearing on the case will only,新闻报道中常出现另外一种间接引语的形式，如：AL-Malikis office on Tuesday said Bush issued an apology for the action on behalf of the

11、 United States and “promised to present the soldier to the courts.”在这个间接引语中只有部分话语加上了引号，表明为消息来源的原话。报道者这样做的原因或是表示该部分特别重要，或是想与它保持距离，表示自己不一定赞成它所表达的意思。在这个例子中，报道者先采用间接引语的形式，然后“滑向”直接引语，就好象间接引语是在为直接引语做铺垫，直接引语顺理成章地从间接引语发展出来。经过这样的处理，转述引语的界限变的极不清楚了。,happen May 7. Once again the human rights of this child are n

12、ot being respected. I havent talked to him for 33 days and I am very concerned about his mental health. Why is he hiding the boy?, she asked addressing Goldman. Sean Goldman left Brazil after a prolonged legal battle. Then and now, the grandmother wants the boy to be heard so that he can decide with

13、 whom he wishes to stay. Bianchi says that Goldman has taken away the two cell phones she had given him to keep in touch. She revealed that she talked five times with him but always after the father made the call and put the son on the line. She complains that Goldman has asked her to talk in Englis

14、h with the boy. Were doing everything to see him as soon as possible. Im dying with longing. I went there to try to hug my grandson and I had to leave with an empty hug. I wasnt able to see Sean, unburdened Bianchi. Brazilian Bruna Bianchi Carneiro left Goldman for a supposed two-week holiday trip w

15、ith her son to Brazil. They lived in the city of Titon Falls, New Jersey (USA). Arriving in Brazil Bruna decided the marriage was over and called Goldman to tell him she wouldnt return to the United States. Bruna remarried lawyer Joo Paulo Lins e Silva, but she ended up dying while giving birth to a

16、 baby daughter in 2008. Since then, David Goldman has been fighting for his sons custody. On Saturday, Sergio Tostes lawyer representing the boys maternal family, said he believes the New Jerseys court decision to prevent Bianchi from meeting her grandson should hasten a decision by Brazils Supreme

17、Court (STF) on the custody of the child. The decision of the court in New Jersey, said Tostes, does not comply with the Hague Convention, which says that the childs interest must prevail over administrative, legislative and judicial actions. And provides for the child to be heard in court, as we have tried with the STF. We now hope that in the face of such an impediment to