英语语法讲解-状语从句

1、状语从句,第一部分：知识储备,状语从句的知识储备,1、时态,2、从句的三个必须,3、句子结构,现在,过去,状语从句是如何出题的？,时间状语从句是关键,其他状语从句重点记忆连接词,什么是状语？,什么是从句？,表示时间、地点、原因、目的 We sleep at night at home.,必须符合“从句的三个必须” 必须是句子；必须有连接词；必须是陈述句,请参考本网站“简单句结构-主谓宾”、 “从句基础篇从句的三个必须”视频,什么是状语从句？,用一个句子充当状语成分，那个句子 就是状语从句。,I get up,at six,when it is dark.,I get up,at school,

2、where I study.,定义,状语从句 状语从句同副词，介词词组等作状语一样，用于修饰谓语，说明谓语动作的时间，地点，方式，手段，条件，程度，比较，原因，目的，结果等 I get up at 6:00 It is dark I get up when it is dark,第二部分：状语从句的类别,状语从句分类,表示时间 表示地点 表示原因 表示结果 表示目的 表示条件 表示让步 表示比较,返回,表示时间,一、时间状语从句 When, as ,while, before, after, till, Until, as soon as, The moment, the minute, th

3、e first time. （名词性短语）,E.G. When/As he was eating his breakfast, he heard the door bell ring. While I was reading, he was playing. 3. The mother didnt go to bed until her little daughter returned home last night. 昨晚母亲等到她的小女儿回家才睡觉。,表示地点,二、地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的主要有:where, wherever及- where构成的复合词。,EG: We shall

4、 go where people are kind. Just stay where you are. We received a warm welcome everywhere we arrived. 我们每到一个地方都受到了热烈的欢迎。,表示原因,三、原因状语从句 最常用的连词是: because， since， as， now （that）等,because, as, since, for,语气 位置意义 because 最强前或后 “原因”；表客观因果关系；回答“” as较强 前 “由于”；把众人所知的事实当作理由 since 较弱 前 “既然”；就对方陈述的事实作为理由 for 最弱

5、 后 “理由”；对某一事实进行推断的理由 注：上面所说的“前”，指从句在主句之前；“后”，指从句在主句之后。,EG: He is absent today because he was ill. As it is snowing，we shall not go out. You couldnt see him, for he wasnt there.（不句首） 4. Since you are ill, I will go alone.,表示结果,四、结果状语从句 可以由 so that， so.that， such.that,so that, sothat, suchthat,so that

6、“以便”、“结果”表目的和结果。 注意：在从句中有情态动词表目的。无情态动词表结果。 sothat “如此的以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.so+形副that2.so+形a(an)单数名词that3.somany/much复数名词（不可数名词）+that suchthat“如此的以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.sucha(an)形名词that2.such形复数名词不可数名词that,E.G. He was so angry that he left the room without a word. 他很生气,一句话不说就离开了房间。 It is such a heavy box tha

7、t nobody can move it. The box is so heavy that nobody can move it. The box is so heavy as nobody can move . I didnt go early, so that I didnt get a seat.,表示目的,四、目的状语从句 主要的引导词有: so that， in order that， 目的状语从句常常含有情态动词。,E.G. They are hurrying so that / in order that they may not miss the train. 他们为了赶上火

8、车而匆匆忙忙。 He works hard in order that / so that he can serve his country well.,表示条件,五、条件状语从句 最常用的引导词有: if， if only（if 的强调式）, unless (= if not)， as long as， so long as,E.G. As long as I live, I shall work hard. You cant learn it well unless you work hard. If you want to know ,I can tell you.,表示让步,六、让步状

9、语从句 主要的引导词有: though， although，as even if， even though however, Whatever , whenever等,though, although, as,though, although在句首表“尽管”两者都可以用。但句后不能再用but。 下列情况只能用though： as though (=as if); even if (=even though) 在句末表示“然而” as表示“尽管”，从句的表语、状语等成分要倒装。,whatever, however, wherever, whenever,它们是what, how, where,

10、when的强势语气。分别等于： no matter what, no matter how no matter where, no matter when,E.G. I wont mind even if (though) he doesnt come. Though it was cold, she went out without an overcoat. Young as/though he is, he knows a lot. Whether it shines or rains, I will go. No matter who / whoever comes here, I wi

11、ll not let him in. you can take whatever you like.,表示比较,八、比较状语从句 主要由 than， as.as, the morethe more 这类从句常常有一些成分没有表示出来:,E.G. The more you eat, the fatter you are. John is less clever than Tom. He is not so/as clever as his brother.,第三部分：三组（5种）时间状语从句,前引：根据主从句的三种时间关系，分为主 从句同时发生、主从句都没有发生、主从句一前一后发生三类句型， 每

12、种句型分别对应独特的句式,三类时间,1、主从句同时发生,2、主从句都没有发生,3、主从句一前一后发生,What were you doing when the UFO arrived?,What are you doing when the UFO arrives?,I would leave if he came.,I will leave if he comes.,The train had been away when I arrived.,过去配过去,过去配过去,现在配现在,现在配现在,前引：根据主从句的三种时间关系，分为主 从句同时发生、主从句都没有发生、主从句一前一后发生三类句型，

13、 每种句型分别对应独特的句式,三类时间,1、主从句同时发生,2、主从句都没有发生,3、主从句一前一后发生,过去类：.过去进行 when 一般过去,现在类：现在进行 when 一般现在,过去类：过去将来 when 一般过去,现在类：一般将来when 一般现在,过去完成 when 一般过去,练习翻译,1当小明做作业时，他的妈妈在做饭. Xiaomings mom was cooking when he did his homework. 2那天，当小明做作业时，他的妈妈在做饭 That day, Xiaomings mom was cooking when he did his homework.

14、 3他一来我就走(as soon as) I will leave as soon as he comes. 4那天，他一来我就走(as soon as) That day, I would leave as soon as he came. 5当他出门时，雨已经下了两个小时了. It had been rainy for 2 hours when he went out.,第四部分：典型题目与历年真题,1 _ they had worked for along time, everyone looked tired. A While B After C Unless D For 2 He h

15、as been a teacher _ he came to the country. A since B until C as D when,3 He has had to cook by himself _ his mother went on business to Beijing. A during B since C after Dwhen 4 It is ten years _ I saw you last time. A since B when C that D if,5 He always thinks Im wrong, _ I may say. A no matter w

16、hatever B whatever C what D that 6 _ , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A However late is he B However he is late C However is he late D However late he is,7 You should run the machine _ the workers has shown you. A as B and C but Dso 8 You shall have the book _ I have read it. A so

17、 that B though C as soon asD since,9 The man put on a overcoat _ keep himself warm. A that B so that to C in order that Din order to 10 He has changed so much _ I can hardly recognize him. A as B so that C that Dbut,11 Wounded _ he was, he refused to come back from the front. A as B though C althoug

18、h Dboth A and B 12 Well both wait here _ you get back. A so that B that C until Dfor,13 Some people want to go hunting, _ others want to go finishing. A or B because C while D since 14 Bad habits, _ formed, are difficult to get rid of. A and B once C or D but,15 You must get up early in the morning, _ well have to start out without you. A and B or C but D so that 16 Would you please wait _ I come back. A if B when C because Dtill,17 He couldnt come _ he wanted to