8b+unit1-3+grammar（共29张PPT）.ppt

1、,Grammar,六合区实验初中,龙,Unit1-Unit3,Grammar 1,The Present Perfect Tense,We use the simple past tense to talk about what happened at a definite time in the past(在一个确切的过去时间). Past present Eddie was born four years ago.,We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that started in the past and still

2、 have some connection with the present与现在有一些联系. Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born. Eddie has lived with Millie for four years. He has cleaned our classroom.(Its clean now.),present,Past,Past,present,4 years,一、现在完成时的构成1现在完成时的肯定句句型 主语（第一、二人称单、复数）+have 主语（第三人称复数） +have +过去分词 主语（第三人称单数） +has

3、,We have lived in Beijing. He has lived in Beijing. I have finished my homework.,2现在完成时的否定句 句型 主语+have/has+not+过去分词+ I have not seen the movie yet. He hasnt been to Beijing .,现在完成时的一般疑问句 句型 Have/Has+主语+过去分词+. Have you finished the work? Has she arrived here? Yes, she has./No, she hasnt.,4现在完成时的特殊疑问句

4、 句型 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+. How many times have you been to the Great Wall?,have/has been to 曾经去过某地 have/has gone to 已经去了某地 have/has been（ in ） 已经在某地多久,1.He ( ) the USA twice.,2.Where is Tom? He ( )the bookshop.,3.Sandy ( ) Nanjing for a long time.,has been to,has gone to,has been in,完成时中的延续性动词与非延续

5、性动词,.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。,动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延

6、续性动词。,例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year? . 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years

7、ago; at 5 oclock; 例:He died 5 years ago. 例: He has died. 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from him for 3 weeks.,.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换： borrow / lendkeep, buyhave, finish / endbe over, arrive /come / go / move / reach /get tobe in /at / be here /be there, begin /

8、startbe on , openbe open , closebe closed, diebe dead , leavebe away（from）,go to schoolbe in school / be a student, get upbe up, fall asleepbe asleep , fall illbe ill, get to knowknow, losebe lost, becomebe, return / come back / get backbe back, joinbe in / be amember of, join the armybe in the army

9、 /be a soldier, receive / get a letterhave a letter , catch / get a coldhave a cold, begin to studystudy ,go (get) out be out， put on wear,1.The old man died 4 years ago.,a. The old man has been dead for 4 years.,b. It is 4 years since the old man died.,c. Four years has passed since the old man die

10、d.,2.He joined the Party 2 years ago.,He has been in the Party for 2 years.,3.I bought the book 5 days ago,I have had the book for 5 days.,The Passive Voice,被动语态,构成,助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词,be + vt. p. p.,Many people,English,speak,English.,is spoken,by many people.,A recorder,a recorder use in,is used in,

11、our,English class every day.,play,often,Football,A camera,use for ,is often played,all over the world.,is used,for,taking photos.,rob yesterday,A man-made satellite,A bank,send up last year,was robbed,yesterday.,was sent up,space last year.,into,must plant,The tree,The ground,be covered with,must be

12、,planted,on the,ground.,will be,covered with,in a few years time.,trees,dig(挖),The earth,The food,eat up,is being,dug,now.,has been,eaten up,already.,Football is played all over the world.,A camera is used for taking photos.,A bank was robbed yesterday.,A man-made satellite was sent up into space la

13、st year.,The tree must be planted on the ground.,The ground will be covered with trees in a few years time.,They will be sent to the hospital right now.,A talk will be given by Mr. Wang soon.,The earth is being dug now.,The food has been eaten up already.,一般现在时：am / is / are + vt.p.p.,一般过去时： was / w

14、ere + vt.p.p.,一般将来时: will be / be going to be + vt.p.p.,情态动词：must /can /could /may + be + vt.p.p.,现在进行时: be (am / is / are) + being + vt.p.p.,现在完成时: have / has +been + vt.p.p.,被动语态的构成：be +vt.p.p.,被动语态：,当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。,何时使用被动语态？,主语是动作的承受者 。,主动语态如何改成被动语态？,1. 主动语态

15、的宾语改成被动语态的主语.,2. 主动语态的谓语动词改成被动语态的谓语动词。do,3. 注意保持时态和人称的一致。,4. 带双宾的谓语动词有两种改法。当把直接宾语改成主语时，谓语动词后必须加适当的介词: to, for.,be done,pass, show, send,此类动词有：,5. 一些动词不定式在主动语态中省略to作宾语补足语，改成被动语态时，to必须还原。make sb do sth. / sb be made to do sth.,注: 1. 不及物动词（vi.)不用被动语态。,buy,be bought for,如：give,be given to,此类动词还有：,draw，m

16、ake, cook, mend,e.g. happen, appear, disappear,e.g. A traffic accident _(happen) just now.,happened,2. 连系动词(后加形容词)（Link.v.)不用被动语态。 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become,e.g. Peking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.,sounds,3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态 。,e.g. The pen _(write) very fast

17、.,writes,This kind of sweater _(sell) well.,sells,动词短语的被动语态,take care of be taken care of,cut down be cut down,laugh at be laughed at,look after be looked after,被动语态的动词短语,以下这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加 “by” .,be covered with 用.覆盖,be interested in 对.感兴趣,be surprised at 对.感到惊奇,be made of / from 用制成的,be known to 出名,Chinese,I,A new bike,is spoken,by many,was bought,a new bike,was bought,yesterday.,for me,Turn them into the passive voice.,Many people speak Chinese.,people