IELTS作文概述与大作文.ppt

1、雅思作文概述,雅思考试全程考试时间为2小时55分钟。其中，写作在听力、阅读部分之后出现，是笔试的最后一项。雅思写作考试要求在60分钟内完成两篇作文（Task 1 and Task 2）。写作中，以移民为主的培训类（General Training）和以留学为主的学术类（Academic）试题类型有所不同。,雅思作文概述,Task 1要求考生在20分钟内完成150字以上的文章。G类（培训类）要求考生针对题目要求写一封信来询问某方面信息或阐释某种状况。到目前为止，出现较多的书信种类有投诉信、请求信、建议信、寻找失物信、邀请信等。而A类（学术类）则考核图表为主。考得较多的有曲线图、柱状图、饼状图、表

2、格等。也有可能考到两种不同种类的图。另外，流程图和示意图也偶尔考到。,雅思作文概述,Task 2 要求考生在40分钟内写作一篇不少于250字的议论文。A类和G类在Task 2方面非常相似。考生可能需要对某个观点发表支持或反驳意见，或者讨论针锋相对的一组观点，或者解释某种问题出现的原因并提出相应的解决办法。,雅思作文概述,雅思评分按9分制。基本上，移民或读语言学校起码要5分（Modest User）。留学需要6分（Competent User）以上。如果读的是法律、传媒、管理等名校的研究生的话，写作最好达到7分（Good User）。但考生最后写作成绩并不是Task 1和Task 2的简单平均，

3、而是以Task 2为主。,雅思作文概述,雅思写作的评分标准不象四六级或托福采用整体式的评分，而是分项式评分（analytical scoring）。也就是说，考官给考生并不只打一个分数，而是根据具体的评分细则分项给分。 书信或图表评分标准： Task 1（书信或图表）按照以下三方面评分：Task Fulfilment（完成任务）；Coherence and Cohesion（连贯与衔接）；Vocabulary and Sentence Structure（词汇与句子结构）。,雅思作文概述,Coherence and Cohesion指的是文章通过一定的衔接手段（Cohesive Devices

4、）来表明上下文的连贯性（Coherence）。衔接手段，或叫语篇纽带，经常用的有（logical）逻辑、（grammatical）语法和（semantic）语义三方面的连接词（connectors）。 Vocabulary and Sentence Structure指的是文章的语言表达。5分或5分以下的作文一般语法错误较多。6分作文则一般没有致命的语法错误，用词和句子基本准确。而7分以上的作文用词丰富（Variety）、句子结构复杂（Complexity）。,雅思作文概述,Task 2（议论文）的三方面评分标准是：Arguments, Ideas and Evidence（论证，论点和论据）

5、；Communicative Quality（交流质量）；Vocabulary and Sentence Structure（词汇与句子结构）。 Arguments, Ideas and evidence涉及对于议论文的内容要求。具体说来，应该是内容切题，论据合理，论证充分。,大作文评分标准,一、任务完成情况（Task Response） 内容是否切题（Content） 找准topic and topic questions 立场是否鲜明并有效阐释（Position） a)主题句topic sentence 放在文章首段，开明见山表明立场，只能1个 b)论点main ideas 放在中间段首句

6、，论点须有2个以上 c)论据supporting points 放在论点后，包括证据evidence,例子examples等,大作文评分标准,结构是否有逻辑性（Structure） a)引言introduction 涵盖主题、写作任务和主题句 b)主体body 包括足够的论点、论据 c)结论conclusion 重申观点、提出建议或者展望未来,大作文评分标准,二、连贯与衔接（Coherence and Cohesion） 文章段与段，句与句之间的衔接 段落之间的“转”“承”“启”“合” a)表开始：first of all, in the first place, at the very be

7、ginning, to begin with, currently, at present, for one thing等 b)表承接：besides, further more, in addition, moreover, whats more, meanwhile, apart from, as well as, similarly, in the same way,大作文评分标准,c)表转折：however, whereas, while, on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand d)表结论：in conclusion, in b

8、rief, in short, to sum up, ultimately, overall e)表原因：because(of), accordingly, due to, owing to, for this reason, since, as result, as a consequence f)表观点：in my opinion, personally, from my viewpoint, it seems to me, it is clear to me that, as far as I am concerned,大作文评分标准,g)表举例说明：for example,for in

9、stance, as follows, such as, that is to say, namely, just as, in particular h) 表让步：althouth, in spite of, despite of, despite the fact that, regardless of,大作文评分标准,三、词汇资源（Lexical Resources） 词汇多少不能决定文章好坏，但用词精确性可以加分 a)用词难度的拔高 b)近义词多种表达上提升,大作文评分标准,四、语法多样性与准确性（Grammatical Range and Accuracy） 句子结构的准确性（主谓一

10、致/句子平衡） 句子结构的丰富性（不同句式/不重复） 句子长度的复杂性（长短结合） 用语的逻辑性与正式性（连接与用语）,大作文常考题型模式,一、问题+对策（分析原因并给出建议） Analyse Reasons and Give Your Recommendations e.g.: In many countries more and more young people are unalbe to find jobs after leaving school. Why? What problems do you think youth unemployment will bring for in

11、dividuals and the society? What measures should be taken to reduce unemployment among youngsters?,大作文常考题型模式,二、讨论双方观点并给出自己观点型 Discuss Both Views and Give Your Opinion e.g.: Some parents are worrying that the advertisements, such as those food advertisements for snacks, ice- creams, which are aimed at

12、 children may have negative effects on them, while the advertisers argue that they also offer useful information. Discuss both ideas and give your own opinion.,大作文常考题型模式,三、同意或者不同意某一观点 To What Extent Do You Agree or Disagree e.g.: International sporting events make an important contribution to world

13、peace. Do you agree or disagree?,大作文常考题型模式,四、利弊型/讨论优缺点并给出自己的观点 Discuss Pros and Cons and Give Your Opinion e.g.: More and more families now send their children to study abroad. Write an essay to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this phenomenon, and give your suggestions on the age you thi

14、nk is suitable to study abroad.,大作文常考题型模式,五、简单论述自己的观点 Show Your Opinion and Support It with Arguments e.g.: Pressure on the school and university student is increasing and students are pushed to hard work when they are young. Do you think it is a positive or negative developing?,15个常见分论点,社会/团体/个人/交流

15、/经济 道义/权利/长远/心理/生理 文化/科技/教育/环保/稳定 社团个交经 道权远心生 文科教环稳,The government should not spend money on national defense. It should put the money in eduacation instead. To what extent do you agree?,Introduction: for national defense Main body National defense is a serious issue Our country should be strong enough to defend itself History of being invaded Threat from other