《四级翻译初讲》PPT课件.ppt

1、Translation,四级翻译,共五个句子即五个题，全部为汉译英。句长为15至30个词，其中有部分英语词汇给出,需添入的部分也只有3到8个单词，考生只需按照英文句子意思把汉语部分翻译成英文。完成翻译的考试时间为五分钟。,四级英语翻译评分细则,1整体内容和语言均正确，满分。 2结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得一半分值。 3整体意思正确但语言有错误，得一半分值。 4整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。 5大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,四级大纲样题,87.The substance does not dissolve in water whether (it is) hea

2、ted or not（不管是否加热）。 88. Not only did he charge me too much或Not only did he overcharge me（他向我收费过高），but he didnt do a good repair job either. 89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing compared with mine 或 in comparison with mine（与我的相比） 90. On average， it is said， visitors spend only half as much(

3、money)（一半的钱） in a day in Leeds as in London。 91. By contrast， American mothers were more likely to attribute/ascribe their childrens success to（把孩子的成功归因于） natural talent。,2006年6月,87 Having spent some time in the city， he had no trouble finding the way to the history museum （找到去历史博物馆的路）。 【解析】finding

4、the way to the history museum是动名词作补语。 （1）本题考查的是have (no) trouble (in) doing sth.词组的用法，该词组应使用动名词形式。（2）找到去.的路可用词组finding the way to。 动名词用法：一有些词组后加动名词作宾语：如admit to，prefer.to，be used to，lead to，devote oneself to，object to，stick to，busy，look forward to等。,88 In order to support my university studies (或：to

5、 finance my education; to pay for my education/to pay my tuition fees)（为了挣钱供我上学）， Mother often takes on more work than is good for her。 【要点解析】 （1）为了的表达方式是in order to或to。（2）挣钱供我上学有不同的翻译方法，如finance my education；to pay for my education / to pay my tuition fees。,89 The professor required that we (should

6、) hand in our/the research report(s)（我们交研究报告）。 【要点解析】 （1）本题考查的是require的用法。 require 单词后接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即require that sb.(should)do sth.。 （2）交可以译为hand in。,【能力拓展】 表示主观判断、推测、命令、建议、要求、请求、提议之类的词后面的that 从句的谓语动词应该用虚拟语气：(should) + 动词原形。如：order，suggest，propose，require，demand，request，insist，command，insist。 例：I

7、n the past men generally preferred that their wives (should) work in the home. 以前，一般来说，男人更愿意他们的妻子待在家里操持家务。,It is suggested / demanded / necessary / a pity / required / requested / ordered/ insisted. + that.结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。 例：It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next

8、 week. 有人建议我们下周开会。,90 The more you explain， the more confused I am（我愈糊涂）。 【要点解析】 （1）本题考查the more.,the more.句型的用法。（2）糊涂的正确译法为be confused。 【能力拓展】 （1）“愈.愈.”句型的译法是：the+比较级+句子，the +比较级+句子。例：The more I use it, the more Ive come to like it. 用得越多，我越喜欢它。,91 Though a skilled worker， he was fired by the compan

9、y （他被公司解雇了） last week because of the economic crisis。 【要点解析】本题考查though用法，同时考察被动语态。 （1）though引导让步状语从句时，主句不应有but存在。（2）被公司解雇应用被动语态，可用be fired或be discharged表示。,2006年12月,87。 Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to_ adapt oneself to life/living in different cultures （适应不同文化中的生活） 考察

10、知识点：词组固定搭配adapt oneself to sth/doing sth“ 适应-”,88。 Since my childhood I have found that nothing is more attractive to me than reading to me,或nothing is more important than reading （没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力） 考察知识点：比较级nothing+比较级=最高级；时态：因为从句叙述的是现在的事情，所以用一般现在是即可。由Since my childhood I have found that可以推出，划线处应该填写一

11、个句子，时态需要根据后面的汉语意思作进一步的确定。 “比-更有吸引力”= be more attractive to sb,89。 The victim would have had a chance to survive或would have survived （本来有机会活下来） if he had been taken to hospital in time。 考察知识点：虚拟语气与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句用had done，主句用would have done有机会做某事：have/stand a chance to do sth/of sth-,语法讲解：“虚拟语气”,考生应该注意以

12、下几种虚拟语气的形式： 第一种：由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子 1). 与现在的事实相反：If - + were/did-, - + would do- If I were you , I would marry him. 如果我是你,就会嫁给他。 2). 与过去的事实相反：If - + had done-, - +would have done- If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam. 如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。 3). 与将来的事实可能相反：If -+ should do-, -+ would do- If i

13、t should rain tomorrow , what would you do ? 如果明天下雨,你怎么办?,第二种：用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中从句谓语形式为：“-(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。 类似用法的动词有：insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , pre

14、fer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。,第三种：用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , pos

15、sible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that -”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中,第四种：用在It is time that - 结构中, 表示“该干某事了”, 含建议的意思, 用动词过去式。 It is time (that) we went to bed . 咱们该睡觉了。 注意: time 前可加

16、about (表示“大约”) 或high(表示“强调”) 等。,91。The nations population continues to rise at a speed/rate of 12 million per year 或 at an annual speed of 12 million （以每年1200万人的速度） 考察知识点：词组固定搭配 at a speed of- “以-的速度”；注意：million不加s,2007年6月,87。 The finding of this study failed to take peoples sleep quality/quality of

17、 sleep into account/consideration （将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内）。 本题旨在考查词汇. Fail 后面经常跟不定式做状语，即fail to do something. 考虑的表达方法是take into account 或take into consideration.。,88。The prevention and treatment of AIDS is a field in which we can work together / a field in which we can cooperate （我们可以合作的领域） 。本题显然是考查定语从句的翻译 ，如

18、果用了关系代词which, 介词in 在英语中就一定不能少。 合作常用cooperate/ work with 来表达。,89。 Because of the leg injury， the athlete decided to quit the match（决定退出比赛）。 此题考查常用词组的表达，“决定做某事” 可用decide to do sth,表示 “退出比赛”常用withdraw from/ quit the match/ game/ competition 来表达。,90。To make donations or for more information， please _ co

19、ntact us at the following address （按以下地址和我们联系）。 此题考常用交际用语。“联系”常用“contact/make a contact with 来表达：“按一下地址”可用at the following address 来表示。 91。Please come here at ten tomorrow morning at your convenience/if it is convenient for you（如果你方便的话）。 此题考常用表达。“如果你方便的话” 用if it is convenient for you 来表示。更简单的方法是译为at

20、 your convenience.,2007年12月,Thanks to/ because of a series of new inventions（多亏了一系列的新发明， doctors can treat this disease successfully 此句翻译的关键是“多亏了”这个短语，翻译成thanks to 或owing to 要比 because of 或due to 好得多。 88 In my sixties， one change I notice is that I have been more likely to get tired than before/ I g

21、et tired more easily than before（我比以前更容易累了）。 此句中翻译比较结构不是难点，大家应该都能翻，但是如果把这句简单翻译成 I feel more easily tired 得分应该不会太高。,2008年6 月,87。 Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research can be applied to the development of the new technology.（能应用于新技术的开发） 主要考察apply to用法，考生应注意不要写成apply for，这个是表示申请。 88。

22、 I cant boot my computer now, Something must be wrong（一定出了毛病） with its operation system. 本题考察的是must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或动词的进行式。,89。 Leaving ones job， whatever job it is/ no matter what job it is，（不管是什么工作）， is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring. 当引导让步状语

23、从句时，whatever与no matter what可以互换。当引导主语从句、宾语从句时，只能用wh-+ever, 如Whoever leaves the room ought to turn off the lights.这时不能用no matter+wh-。,90。Compared with the place where I grew up，（与我成长的地方相比），this town is more prosperous and exciting. 这道题首先考察分词的独立主格结构，注意主语this town与动词的主被动关系，主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词；第二点需要注意的是“我成长

24、的地方”考察的是定语从句，并且grew用过去时。,91。Not until he had finished the mission（直到他完成使命）did he realize that he was seriously ill. 考生需要注意的是not until引起的倒装是主句倒装，从句不倒装，所以从句用正常语序，并要注意用过去完成时，以体现与主句的先后顺序。至于mission这个单词，如果考生有看过汤姆克鲁斯主演的著名影片“碟中谍”，不难知道这个影片片名是mission impossible，所以看电影也是不错的提高英语的手段。,2009.6,87. Soon after he tran

25、sferred to the new school, Ali found that he had difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates（很难跟上班里的同学）in math and English. 【答案解析】本句中重点考查的语法点是动名词在固定结构里的用法，即have difficulty (in) doing。另外还考察了catch up with sb. ，表示“赶上，跟上某人（由指功课、进度）这一词组。在组句的时候注意，“班上的同学”要么说成his classmates，要么译成other students in his cla

26、ss，此处的other不可少。,88. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary would not have been caught in the heavy rain（就不会被大雨淋了）. 【答案解析】本句考查的是一个典型的过去时态的虚拟。从句使用的是过去完成时had returned，因此主句也必须是情态助动词加上完成时。另外“被雨淋到”要使用“be caught in the rain”这一说法，不宜直译。,2009.12,87. You would not have failed if you had followed my instruct

27、ions 或者you had followed my orders (按照我的指令去做) 【权威解析】考点有三个：第一是按照所给出的汉语提示，由于主句和从句的主语是一致的，因此在做答案的时候应该在从句中补全主语you，很多学生出现遗漏，就按照汉语意思直译了，造成不必要的失分；第二是固定搭配“按照。的指令”表达为follow my instructions 或者是follow my orders 注意多样化的表达，两者选其一就可以；第三个考点是if从句的虚拟语气考查；根据语法规定，如果主句中出现would +have的形式，从句中应该采用had+过去分词的结构；综上，很容易得出答案you had

28、 followed my instructions 。,90. Production has to be increased considerably to keep pace with the constantly growing needs of consumers . (与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步) 【权威解析】本题的核心考点主要有两个：第一，固定搭配“与。保持同步”，可以表达为keep pace with .或者是keep up with ；其次，固定表达“不断增长的”，可以表达为growing 或者rising 或者increasing ，选其一就可以了,91. The more

29、 exercise you take, the less likely you are to catch a cold. (你越不大可能感冒) 【权威解析】本题的考点主要有两个：第一是考查 the more , the less的用法，在2006年的考试中考查过the more , the more的结构，简直是如出一辙，因此必须重视历年真题的考点，重复考的概率非常大。第二是考查固定搭配：可能做某事，表达为be likely to do sth ；最后一个是固定搭配“感冒”，表达为catch a cold ；,四级常考点,2006年6月-2009年12月翻译题为基准，可分为两大类考点：词汇，语

30、法。 1.重点词汇和固定搭配的归纳 adapt oneself to =adjust to/ get used to +n/doing 06.12 Have (no) trouble in doing=have （no） difficulty in doing 06.6 、09.6 at ones convenience :be convenient to / for 对方便，便利 07.6 ,12,Take sth into account/consideration 将考虑在内 07.6 Decide to do sth 决定做某事 07.6 08.12 give up /quit doi

31、ng 放弃做某事07.6 09.12 Be likely to do sth有可能做某事07.12 / 09.6/09.12,常考语法,虚拟语气、非谓语动词、谓语动词的时态和语态、倒装结构、比较结构、强调结构、从句等,1. 虚拟语气06.12 09.6 09.12（2）,1）时态搭配记忆 if 从句谓语 主句谓语 现在： 一般过去时、were would 过去 ：had done would have done 将来：were to do/should do would do Wish以及一些特殊结构同上 If only /would rather/as if/as though it is

32、(high) time that,You would not have failed if you _(按照我的指令去做).09 12 had followed my instructions If she had turned an hour earlier, mary _(就不会被大雨淋了）09.6 Wouldnt have been caught in the rain The victim _本来有机会活下来if he had been taken to hospital in time. Would have had a chance to survive 06.12,2）特殊词汇形

33、容词，动词，名词同义词对应记忆,Advisable advice advise, desirable desire, vital /important importance, obligatory/ essential/necessary necessity, basic/fundamental/elementary, suggest/propose suggestion/proposal，require requirement 等从句中要有虚拟语气should do 特殊记忆 lest, in case for fear that同上 Scientists agree that it wil

34、l be a long time_(我们找到治疗癌症的方法). before we find the cure for cancer it is (high) time that sb (should) do sth,3）. 情态动词的虚拟语气,Could have done 本可能做某事，强调有某种能力，但很遗憾没有做； Couldnt /cant have done 不肯能做过，表示对过去情况的断然否定； May/might have(not) done 也许（没）做了，表示对过去情况各种可能性的猜测； Must have done 肯定做过，表示对过去情况十分肯定的猜测； Neednt

35、have done 本不必做某事； Should (not) have done 本（不）应该做某事，但实际做了，表示后悔、责备语气； Would (not) have done 表示按照正常情况或规律将（不）会怎样。,非谓语动词 06.6 08.6,非谓语动词包括分词，动名词，不定式。 2006年6月四级的翻译题中考到了非谓语动词中动名词的用法 Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble _(找到区历史博物馆的路） in finding the way to the history museum.,08年6月考的过去分词用法,_

36、与我成长的地方相比，this town is more prosperous and exciting. Compared with the place where I was brought up. 08.6,06年6月不定式,为了挣钱供我上学么，mother often takes on more work than is good for her. To finance my education 目的状语,谓语动词的时态和语态06.6 07.12 08.6,Though a skilled worker,_他被公司解雇了 last week because of the economic

37、 crisis. He was fired by the company.06.6 Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的， not how much they can earn. 07.12 Is measured by how much they can loan,Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research _(能应用于新技术的开发） Can be applied to the development of new

38、technology.,3.从句,1）让步状语从句 07.12 08.6 no matter wh-疑问词”和”wh-疑问词ever” 引导的让步状语从句可以互换 means不论. I am going to pursue this course,_无论我做出什么样的牺牲。Whatever/no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make,2)What 引导的主语从句 09.6 08.12,_（很多人没有意识到的）is that Sinon is a lover of sports, and football in particular. （大多数

39、父母所关心的）is providing the best education possible for their children.,定语从句07.6 08.12,Which 引导非限制性定语从句，that不能。 Which 之前可以有介词， that不能 先行词是all,anything,ererything,few,little,much,nonenothing,something等不定代词，被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 或 被the very , the only 修饰只能用that,The prevention and treatment of AIDS IS _(将人们的睡眠质量考虑

40、在内） The field in which/where we may cooperate Medical researchers are painly aware that there are many problems _(他们至今没有答案） to which they havent found answers so far,2.倒装结构 08.6,表示否定含义的短语在句首作状语，句子要倒装。Not until直到，才 08.12 neither, no, nor, not, seldom, rarely, hardly, barely, by no means under no circ

41、umstances以及only 位于句首修饰状语或宾语时，句子倒装,比较结构09.12、09.6、06.6,常考的比较结构有：more/no/nothing/a little/a lot/much /many等+形容词/副词比较级+than, as+形容词/副词原级（+n. ）+as, the+比较级，the+比较级等,The more exercise you take, 、 _(你越不大可能得感冒). ：2006年6月的The more you explain, _ (我愈糊涂)。2009年6月的It is said that those who are stressed or worki

42、ng overtime are _ (更有可能增加体重)。 参考答案：the less likely you catch a cold.,强调结构,1It is/was +被强调部分+that/who 对于这个结构，需要注意以下几点： 强调句型中的系动词除is和was之外，没有其他形式的变化; 被强调部分如果是人，可以用who, 也可以用that,其他情况用that（常识性知识，一般不能作为考点）。 在notuntil句型里，如果强调由until所引导的时间状语时，not须跟在until之前，即构成It is not untilthat结构。,It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the serious situation. 她不知道如何应对这种严重情况是因为她太缺乏经验了。 注：强调的如果是原因状语从句，只能由because引导，不能由since, as或why引导。 It was not until the second year that