大学英语四级辅导讲座之写作篇-修改.ppt

1、大学英语四级辅导讲座之写作篇,By Jasmine,作文命题趋势及应对策略,除了写作部分，其余各板块都新增了题型并改变了测试方式。不变的是写作。但如果对历年写作命题稍加回顾，不难发现其实写作部分的命题是最早变化的。 往年四级作文题,在这些考试中，如果我们把考试题型分成四类，即议论文(探讨对同一个问题的两种不同看法)、说明文(向读者介绍作者自己对某个社会现象或问题的看法)、记叙与描写以及应用文，那么可以把可以清楚地看出，2000年是一道分水岭，议论文在上世纪出现频率最高，至少每年一次，有些年份两次全是。它最早是由美国的托福作文题型借鉴而来。但考得多了，完全演变成一种模式甚至一种模板：三段式；每段

2、两至三条理由；每条理由用first, second, third 或firstly, secondly, thirdly 连接起来，高明一些的同学用更长的联结手段，如 The first reason which they point out is that The second reason they maintain is that Also playing a part is that这样一来，不管具体内容如何空洞，只要背上几套衔接手段，写作时拼拼凑凑很轻松就是一篇文章。,因此，从2000年起作文命题指导思想开始变化，开始考更能体现考生实力的记叙与描写文以及书信演讲类应用文。2000年1

3、月开始考 “How to Finance My College Education?”, 这是一篇基本没有模式的说明文。01年以后的10次四级作文没有出现过一次议论文，除了02年6月、03年1月以及01年1月三次说明文外，5次为应用文2次为记叙描写文。最后这两类文章基本没有写作模式，要求也不高，只要能够把观点交代清楚，把时间的前因后果记述清楚就可以了，是考察考生英语表达基本功的最佳方式，因此近年来成为出现频率最高的题型。,综上所述，我们可以得出结论。新题型中的作文考试会与前几年一样，继续强调能力测试。需要注意以下技巧： 1. 根据文章章法合理使用、灵活改造命题提纲，做到起、承、转、合，有头有尾

4、。 2. 养成良好习惯，确保主体段落有明确的中心思想句，后面的扩展层次清楚。 3. 注意语法规则和固定搭配，减少语言错误。 4. 文贵在变，学会用不同的形式开始句子，注意句子的长短结合。,作文题型及其写作构思,一、提纲作文 提纲作文给考生提出了新的要求:考生必须既紧扣标题，严格遵守提纲，不能脱离或漏掉要点。一般提纲作文给出的提纲有几点，短文就写几段，但如果提纲中仅有二点，则考生可以在构思时增加一个终结段。构思过程主要可从以下几个方面进行: 1.根据提纲要求设计每段的主题句，注意最好不要逐字翻译提纲。 2.根据提纲及主题句自由搜索写作素材。 3.从所搜列的原始素材中为每段选取最能说明问题，与短文

5、标题、提纲及主题句最为密切的23个要点，注意也要选择本人感到最容易下笔的内容。,二、图表作文 图表作文是一种特殊的提示作文，即提示以图表的形式出现，提示的信息隐含在图表之中。考生必须先仔细研读图表，使图表中的数据、曲线、图形等成为与短文标题相关并能为我所用的有意义的信息。 考生读图时务必要把握表层信息和深层含义这两方面的内容，主要考的是考生对图表深层次信息（原因、根源、发展可能等）的挖掘和阐述。 这类作文都可以采用下列统一的标准提纲: 1.现状图表揭示的表面现象 2.原因引起图表表面现象的深层次社会根源 3.发展趋势或启示图表所表述现象的发展前景或趋势及从中我们得到的启示,三、信函 英文书信是

6、典型的应用文写作，英文书信大抵可分为私人信函与公务信函两大类。公务信函比较讲究格式和语体。 信函的写作主要涉及信函必须遵循的特殊格式，另外英文信函还讲究个“A、B、C”。A即Accuracy-准确，B即Brevity-简洁，C即Clarity清晰。 英文书信通常由七个部分组成。它们是信封、信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结尾套语和署名。,四六级写作常见语法错误分类,语言是评判作文的一个极其重要的因素。在实际的阅卷过程中，语法错误，尤其是较为严重的错误，是阅卷人员的主要“照顾点”，有时甚至是惟一的点；如果因为语言上的错误而导致失分，那将得不偿失。 认清各种各样的语法错误，尽可能地避免少犯，对于提高作

7、文分是有极大的帮助的。现将阅卷过程中所发现的大量语言错误逐一归类，抽出其中的典型错误，以警示大家，供参考。,1.句子成分残缺不全,We always working till late at night before taking exams. （误） We are always working /We always work till late at night before takingexams （正） We should read books may be useful to us. （误） We should read books which may be useful to us.

8、 （正）,2.句子成分多余,This test is end， but there is another test is waiting for you.（误）One test ends ， but another is waiting for you.（正）The driver of the red car was died on the spot. （误）The driver of the red car died on the spot. （正）,3.主谓不一致,Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective.（误）Some

9、 think that reading should be selective.（正）My sister go to the cinema at least once a week.（误）My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week.（正）,4.动词时态、语态的误用,I was walking along the road， and there are not so many cars on the street. （误）I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehi

10、cles on the street. （正）We have little time to read some books which we interest. （误）We have little time to read some books in which we are interested.（正）I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. （误）I have been studying in the college for two years （正）,5.词类混淆,It is my point that r

11、eading must be selectively.（误）In my opinion ，reading must be selective. （正）Honest is so important for every person. （误）Honesty is so important for everyone. （正）The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. （误）The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. （正）,6.名词词性与数的误用,Too

12、 much tests are disadvantage for students study. （误）Too many tests are disadvantageous to students. （正）In modern society ，people are under various pressures （误）In modern society ，people are under various kinds of pressure.,7.动词及物与不及物的误用,The traffic accident was taken place at the junction of two hig

13、hways.（误）The traffic accident took place at the junction of two highways.（正）Because of his excellent performance， the boss rose his salary.（误）Because of his excellent performance， the boss raised his salary.（正）,9.情态动词的误用,It may not good to our health.（误）It may be not good to our health. （正）They shou

14、ld spent much time.（误）They should spend much time.（正）,10. There be句型的误用,There exists some new problems such as being dishonest. （误）There exist/arise some new problems such as being dishonest.（正）There are many way to solve the tuition and fees of college education.（误）There are many ways to raise the

15、money for the tuition and fees for college education.（正）,11. 动宾搭配不当,We must pay attention to it and make solutions to the problem.（误）We must pay attention and find a solution to the problem. （正）It also may help you to make success. （误）It may also help you succeed/obtain your goal.（正）,12. 根据中文逐字硬译,If someones family situation is not well， he can a