群落研究例1-近岸鱼类群落结构及分布

1、Fish community structure and distribution in a macro-tidalinshore habitat in the Irish Sea,Boris Jovanovic，Craig Longmore, Aine OLeary, Stefano Mariani，2007,研究背景,鱼类在近岸度过部分生活史过程，体现了丰富的生理、生态、生活史适应性； 很多近岸鱼类对污染等敏感，成为潮间带生态环境质量的生物指标种； 人类活动带来潮间带栖息环境多样化的减少，威胁到生物多样性； 近岸水域做为鱼类产卵与育幼场在生活史中起重要作用；,潮间带鱼类分类,大部分时间在潮

2、间带生活； 一些长大后降入深海； 一些仅高潮阶段进入； 一般可将潮间带鱼类分为2类：定居种与洄游种。 高潮差环境：潮流消长是影响鱼类群落结构与分布的主要因子。,研究目标,初步查明该区域鱼类群落特征 (Irish Government Natural Reserve, EU Special Protected Area, Ramsar Convention, UNESCO worlds heritage) 潮汐、季节、栖息地变化对潮间带鱼类群落的影响机制,研究区域North Bull Island,岛本身：116ha，长5km. 保护区：Dublin Bay北部，Dublin City cent

3、re,东北方向7km，面积1436ha及邻近海滩1318ha。东南为沙堤，西北为盐沼泽和泥质滩涂。,站点分布,A，B：面向海洋，砂滩环境，岸堤陡，底质泥砂混和砾石,C，D：盐沼泽，典型泥滩环境。,采样,时间：7月、10月；每周、共8周；高、低潮分别采样。 网具：a seine net 10 m long, 4 m high with a 2 mm mesh gauge. 2人操作，另1人收集标本。 种类鉴定：成鱼鉴定到种，仔鱼后期到科。 盐度测量：一种折射计。,数据分析,Shannone Wieners estimators of diversity, H； evenness, J ； Mon

4、th, Station, Tidal Phase (TPH), Tidal State (TST), and their interactions,结 果,结果Fish community,主要优势种,Pomatoschistus microps 占数量的39%. 鳞柄玉筋鱼Ammodytes tobianus L. 占数量的37%.,生活史类型,Intertidal resident 潮间带定居型； Estuarine resident 河口定居型； Marine migrant 海洋洄游型 Freshwater migrant/estuarine resident 淡水洄游/河口定居型 M

5、arine straggler 海洋游荡者 Intertidal resident/marine migrant 潮间带定居/海洋洄游 Marine migrant/estuarine resident海洋洄游/河口定居 Marine migrant/marine straggler海洋洄游/海洋游荡,17种鱼类,Ammodytes tobianus 玉筋鱼科，鳞柄玉筋鱼，Intertidal resident。,数量37%。,Atherina presbyter 银汉鱼科，河口定居型。,Sprattus sprattus 鲱科，欧洲西鲱，海洋洄游型。,Taurulus bubalis 杜父鱼

6、科，牛杜父鱼，潮间带定居型。,Gasterosteus aculeatus 刺鱼科，三刺鱼，淡水洄游/河口定居型，分布于美洲沿岸和亚洲沿岸、太平洋北部以及黑龙江、图们江等。,Pomatoschistus microps 虾虎鱼科， 小眼长臂虾虎鱼,数量的39%.,Symphodus melops 隆头鱼科,娇扁隆头鱼 另有隆头鱼科仔鱼未鉴定,Liza ramada 鲻科,唇鮻,海洋洄游型.,Liza aurata 鲻科, 金鮻,Pholis gunnellus 锦鳚科,锦鳚,潮间带定居/海洋洄游,Platichthys flesus 鲽科, 川鲽 ,海洋洄游/河口定居,Pleuronectes

7、 platessa 木叶鲽属,Psetta maxima 菱鲆科,大菱鲆, Marine migrant/marine straggler,Solea solea 鳎科,卵鳎,Syngnathus rostellatus,Syngnathus acus 海龙科,尖海龙,盐度：35.736.6, 站位及tidal states间差异不显著. 下面是主要方差分析结果:月份,潮汐,空间等的影响.,多样性指数:C到D显著下降(方差分析),方差分析:Month data showed considerable segregation along PCoA axis 2,summer autumn,方差分

8、析:Tidal State had a much lesser impact onthe distribution patterns of the fish community,:高潮 :低潮,方差分析:Tidal phase had a much lesser impact on the distribution patterns of the fish community, spring tide 大潮; neap tide 小潮,方差分析: 站位A,B偏右, C,D偏左,差异显著,实心夏,空心秋; 正方形A 圆B 三角C 菱形D,结果Single-species patterns,手段：

9、多因子方差分析,The distribution of Pomatoschistus microps proved to be greatly influenced by Station location (ANOVA: F ?30.6, P 0.001),单鱼种分布模式,Boxes refer to standard errors and whiskers refer to standard deviations.,单鱼种分布模式The abundance of gobies also varied according to the time of year,Boxes refer to s

10、tandard errors and whiskers refer to standard deviations.,单鱼种分布模式Interactions of Month with TPH,Boxes refer to standard errors and whiskers refer to standard deviations.,单鱼种分布模式Interactions of Station with TST,Boxes refer to standard errors and whiskers refer to standard deviations.,Ammodytes tobian

11、us, mainly showed higher abundance during high tides than low tides,单鱼种分布模式Interactions of Station with TST,Boxes refer to standard errors and whiskers refer to standard deviations.,单鱼种分布模式Interactions of Station with TST,Boxes refer to standard errors and whiskers refer to standard deviations.,Pleu

12、ronectes platessa（木叶鲽） and Platichthys flesus（川鲽 ）were both much more abundant in July than October ； in both species a significant effect of Station location was detected with plaice predominant at Station A and B, and flounder mainly found at Stations C and D ； Plaice were more abundant at low tid

13、e, it is also worth noting that in plaice several significant interactions were also detected 。,单鱼种分布模式,Boxes refer to standard errors and whiskers refer to standard deviations.,单鱼种分布模式,Boxes refer to standard errors and whiskers refer to standard deviations.,单鱼种分布模式,Boxes refer to standard errors a

14、nd whiskers refer to standard deviations.,单鱼种分布模式,Boxes refer to standard errors and whiskers refer to standard deviations.,单鱼种分布模式,Boxes refer to standard errors and whiskers refer to standard deviations.,单鱼种分布模式,Boxes refer to standard errors and whiskers refer to standard deviations.,单鱼种分布模式,Boxe

15、s refer to standard errors and whiskers refer to standard deviations.,单鱼种分布模式,Boxes refer to standard errors and whiskers refer to standard deviations.,Pholis gunnellus was always only recorded at Station C , and exclusively during lowtide.,单鱼种分布模式,Boxes refer to standard errors and whiskers refer t

16、o standard deviations.,单鱼种分布模式,Boxes refer to standard errors and whiskers refer to standard deviations.,单鱼种分布模式,Boxes refer to standard errors and whiskers refer to standard deviations.,单鱼种分布模式,Boxes refer to standard errors and whiskers refer to standard deviations.,讨论,该区域从生物、社会、经济角度是值得保护的。 一个繁荣的鱼类群落；虾虎鱼是重要的饵料生物；经济鱼类育幼场。,The sand gobyPomatoschistus microps,丰度的空间差异显著，明显喜好最内的C、D站点； 报道，潮汐动力影响该属鱼类分布、丰度、摄食；其上述丰度、行为和摄食高峰出现于大潮低潮期；丰度的季节变化则与海区有关；觅食行为则与捕食风险、饵料易得性及饵料生物随潮汛的运动模式有关； 本文没有进行食物网研究，故无法推断一些现象的原因，如七月大小潮汛间丰度差异显著，而10月则没有这现象；及高低潮和站点间的交互作用。,一些发现，如月份和大小潮间的交互作用的影响，可能为进一步揭