不定式详解及顺口溜

1、接不定式作宾语的动词顺口溜动词不定作宾语，期希渴欲承担起；愿望碰巧又出现，假装安排不拒绝；准备计划却失败，好像提供又犹豫；企图要把目标证，等待要求作选择。,同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心坚。 agree (同意)； offer (提出)； intend， plan (打算，计划)； demand， ask (要求)； promise (答应)； help (帮忙)； prepare (准备)； decide (决定)； refuse (拒绝)；dare (敢于)； choose (选择)； wish，hope，want， expec

2、t (希望，想要)； fail ；（不能；忘记）； pretend (假装)； manage (设法)； determine （决心）。,接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的24个常用动词afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事arrangeto do sth.安排做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事beg to do sth. 请求做某事care to do sth. 想要做某事choose to do sth. 决定做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事demand to do sth. 要求做某事determine

3、to do sth. 决心做某事,expect to do sth. 期待做某事fear to do sth. 害怕做某事help to do sth. 帮助做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事manage to do sth. 设法做某事offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事prepare to do sth. 准备做某事pretendto do sth. 假装做某事promise to do sth. 答应做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事want to do st

4、h. 想要做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事,注：有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式，不接动名词：aim to do sth. 打算做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事long to do sth. 渴望做某事happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事hesitateto do sth. 犹豫做某事struggle to do sth. 努力做某事,1) 动词+ 不定式 affordaimappearagreearrangeaskbedecidebothercarechoosecomedaredemanddesiredetermineexpectelectendea

5、vorhopefailhappenhelphesitatelearnlongmeanmanageofferoughtplanpreparepretendpromiserefuseseemtendwaitwishundertake后直接加to do sth作宾语举例：The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。,2）动词+不定式 ；动词+宾语+不定式ask, beg, choose, expect , h

6、ate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wishI like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。I want to speak to Tom.我想和汤姆谈话。I want you to speak to Tom.我想让你和汤姆谈话。,3） 动词+疑问词+ todecide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show,

7、 understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tellPlease show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。The question is how to put it into practice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施。,非谓语动词考点总

8、结,非谓语动词,动名词,分词,现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式,非谓语动词使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。,She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.,非谓语动词的句法功能,可充当成分: 主语, 宾语, 宾语补足语, 表语, 定语, 状语.,一、不定式,动词不定式（The Infinitive）,一. 动词不定式的基本构成：,由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否

9、定式由not+不定式构成,肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被动式：to be done 完成式：to have done,二. 动词不定式的句法作用法,动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。,不定式运用口诀 本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。 样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。 大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改， 作主宾时用“it”, 自己在后把身藏。 七个感官三使役， 宾补要把to甩开； 疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当； 逻辑主语不定式，不定式前for sb. ; to前not是否定， 各种用法区

10、别开。,不定式在七个感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, find, notice, listen to, 三个使役动词 let, have, make等后作宾补时,to要省略,1.不定式作主语,To lose your heart means failure. It took me only five minutes to finish the job. To do two things at a time is to do neither,(1)作主语,不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。,To see is to believe,Not to get there

11、in time is your fault.,注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。,句型1：It + 谓语 + to do,It takes us an hour _ get there by bus.,句型2：Its + n. + to do,Its our duty _ help the poor.,It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountains,句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.,It is + adj + for sb to do sth It

12、is + adj + of sb to do sth,（是形容人的品质的 ）,（是形容事物的性质的 ）,It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.,It is very kind of you to give me some help. Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.,You are very kind to give me some

13、 help.,you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.,2.不定式作宾语,You neednt bother to come yourself. They are considering what to do next. Some who were famous in their own times would find it difficult to achieve success today.,afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、ag

14、ree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire,like love hate prefer,+,to do doing,remember forget regret,+,to do doing,try mean stop go on,+,to do doing,see watch look at hear listen to feel notice,+,sb.,+,do doing done,make let have,sb. be,seen watched looked at heard listened t

15、o felt noticed,+,to do,made let,1. I think youll grow _ him when you know him better. AlikingBto be like Cto likeDto be liking,reach the point or stage at which one does the specified thing 达到做某事的程度或地步: He grew increasingly to rely on her. 他越来越依赖她了,2. I dont know whether you happen , but Im going to

16、 study in the U.S.A. this September . Ato be heard Bto be hearing Cto hear Dto have heard,3.不定式作表语,What she wants to do most now is (to) travel abroad. The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution. 主语的内容或性质,He is to marry Rose.,表按计划要做的事情.,4.不定式作定语,I need a pen to write with.

17、 Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone. The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.,5.不定式作宾语补足语,We often hear her sing the song at home. My teacher asked me to go there on time. She was considered to have stolen the money.,see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、ta

18、ste、smell、make、let、have,My advisor encouraged_ a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take,6. 不定式作目的状语,Tim sat near the fire to get warm. The athletes practised hard to win the match.,相当于用in order (not) to，so as (not) to引导的目的状语.,1. Hele

19、n had to shout _ above the sound of the music. A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard 2All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. Ain order to have received Bin order to receive Cso as to be received Dso as to be recei

20、ving,3. _ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. ATo find out BFinding out CFind out DHaving found out 4. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports stars. A. had B. having C. to have D. have,7.不定式作结果状语,常用enough to，only to，so + 形

21、容词/副词 + as to, such + 名词 as to do引导。 Would you be so kind as to step this way, please? I tried the door, only to find it locked inside. He is brave enough to go out alone at night Im not such a fool as to believe that.,1. The news reporters hurried to the airport , only_ the film stars had left. Ato

22、 tell Bto be told Ctelling Dtold 2. He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found,8. 不定式作原因状语,常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后 I am happy to see you. She was sad to hear the bad news.,9.不定式的完成式.,表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。 The novel was said to have been pub

23、lished. I regret to have been with you for so many years. seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。,此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要 注意与一般时的区别。 Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute. 对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等） Im sorry to have kept

24、you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）,1. You were silly not _ your car. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 2. I dont know whether you happen , but Im going to study in the U.S.A. this September . Ato be heard Bto be hearing Cto hear Dto have heard 3. - Is Bob still performing? - Im af

25、raid not. He is said_ the stage already as he has become an official . to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left,10. 不定式的省略现象,不定式在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at , listen to, overhear, observe 和使役动词 have, make, let 后作宾语补足语时, 不定式省略to 。 例 I watched him disappear in the di

26、stance. 介词but ,except, 后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词do ,不定式要省去to。 例 We did nothing but/except wait then.,不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词do, 作表语的不定式to可省略。 例: What I want to do now is find some books to read.,1. A computer does only what thinking people _. A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it don

27、e 2. Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no choice but _ a taxi. A. to take B. taking C. take D. taken,11. 不定式后动词的省略,动词love, mean, want, hate, like, wish, expect, hope，try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及be glad (pleased, delighted, happy) to 等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式符号。,1.- W

28、ould you like to go to the Great Theatre with me tonight. - _. A. Yes, I would like to go to the Great Theater with you tonight . B. Id love to, but I have an exam tomorrow. C. No, I wouldnt D. Thats all right 2.- Does your brother intend to study Germany? - Yes, he intends _. A. / B. to C. so D. th

29、at,句式 would have done , should have done, ought to have done, neednt have done , used to be 等省略形式为 would have , should have , ought to have, neednt have , used to be, 要保留不定式后的be或have。 例 -Are you a sailor ? - No, but I used to be (a sailor ).,1.He asked me to help him repair his radio, but I dont kno

30、w _. to do it B. how to C. what to do it D. how to do 2. His voice made me _ terrible. To feel B. feel C. feels D. felt 3. My parents told me _ people when they are in trouble. never laugh at B. not to laugh at dont laugh at D. not laugh at 4. Its bad manners _ rude to people. to be B. are C. be D.

31、to being 5. Its interesting _ us to take part in the games. A. of B. to C. for D. at,6.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A not make B not to make C not making D do not make 7.Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to

32、 expect C to be expecting D expects 8.Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 9. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone,二、动名词,充当成分: 主语 宾语 表语 定语,

33、动名词（gerund）,一. 动名词的基本构成,二. 动名词的性质,动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：,1. 动名词作主语,Seeing is believing. Playing chess is fun. Its no use waiting here.,2. 动名词作表语,The nurses job is looking after the patients. The nurse is looking after the patients.,3. 动名词作宾语,下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, m

34、ind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。 Do you mind my opening the windows?,下列动词短语接动名词： leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention t

35、o, be fond of, be worth。 I am used to watching TV in the evening.,4. 动名词作定语,动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系. reading text a sleeping bag a walking stick,I am used to watching TV in the evening. She regret not having studied the computer hard. His being looked down upon made him sick. I cant really stan

36、d being treated like that.,5. 动名词的时态和语态,五.动名词的复合结构,动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或 名词所有格来表示 这个动名词逻辑上的主语 ，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语 1).物主代词 / 名词所有格 + 动名词 在句中作主语: Marys coming late made her teacher angry. Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Roses going wont be of much help. 2).人称代词宾格 / 名词 /物主代词 + 动名词 在句中作宾语:

37、 Im sure of him coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. I dont mind Jack (him) going. She hates young people (them) smoking. Do you mind my smoking? Do you mind my reading your paper?,1. The man insisted_ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. A. find B. to find C.

38、 on finding D. in finding 2. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having,练习,3. I really cant understand _ her like that. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating 4. He got well-prepared for

39、the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost,三、分词,现在分词与过去分词. 充当成分: 宾语补足语,表语, 定语, 状语.,分词的时态和语态,构成（以study和go为例）,现在分词与过去分词的区别：,1.语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动,Do you know the woman talking to Tom? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.,

40、2. 时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成,Developing country boiling water Developed country boiled water,（一）现在分词,1. 现在分词作状语,现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。,V-ing 形式作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义, 相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思.,Walking in the street, I came across an old friend. = When I was walking in the street, I came across an

41、 old friend.,Being ill, he didnt go to school. =As he was ill, he didnt go to school.,Laughing and talking, they went into the classroom. （方式）,If you use your head, you will find a way.,Though weighing almost one hundred jin, the box was lifted by him with one hand.,We were sitting by the window,tal

42、king about what happened yesterday.(伴随）,解析,1.当v-ing形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用having done 2. v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主语保持一致；否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语,=Using your head, you will find a way.,= Though it weighes ,注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。 时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。 语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完

43、成”。 人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。,1. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. Not completingB. Not completed C. Not completing D. Not having completed,2The manager, _ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room. Awho has made Bhaving made Cmade Dmaking 3The storm

44、 left , _a lot of damage to this area . Acaused Bto have caused Cto cause Dhaving caused,4_from other continents for millions of years ,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. ABeing separated BHaving separated CHaving been separated DTo be separated,2. 现在分

45、词作定语,1. The picture_ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung,2Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed 3. The flowers _ sweet

46、in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt,（二）过去分词,1. 过去分词作状语,过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，用来说明原因、时间、条件等。,过去分词作状语,过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。,a、表示时间,Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.,When

47、 it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.,b、表示条件,Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.,If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.,c、表示原因,d、表示伴随情况,e、表示让步,Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.,As they were deeply moved, the children be

48、gan to cry.,She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.,She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.,Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.,Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.,1_ with the size of the whole

49、earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all . ACompare BWhen comparing CComparing DWhen compared 2. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing,2. 过去分词作定语,1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing

50、and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known,3. 分词作宾补,1) 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等 2) 在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。,There was so much noise tha

51、t the speaker couldnt make himself heard. When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.,如:,1. Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 2. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents .

52、 worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry,3. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained,非谓语动词的其他考点:,被动式： being done 表示一个现在进行的完成动作。,1.The building being repaired is our library. 2.The question being discussed is very

53、 important. 3. As we approached the village, we saw new houses being put up.,完成式：having done 所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。,Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. 2. Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.,1. 主语一致,1. Having been attacked by terrorists

54、, _. A. doctors cane to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists,判断下列句子正误：,1. To learn English well, a lot of practice must be done. 2. Seeing from the hill, the city is more beautiful. 3. Heating , water will boil. 4. Getting t

55、here, the door was found opened.,判断句子正误并改正：,1, Being ill, his classmate sent him to hospital. 2. To get there in time, he told me to get up early. 3, Broken by Jim, I cant use the cup.,2While watching television, _. Athe doorbell rang Bthe doorbell rings Cwe heard the doorbell ring Dwe heard the doorb