2006-2010四级翻译真题讲解.ppt

1、翻译真题讲解,(2006.12 2010.06),2010年06月CET-4翻译,87. Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty _ (集中注意力在实验上).,in focusing/concentrating on her experiment,have difficulty (in) doing sth. focus/concentrate on sth.,(2010年06月),88. The manager never laughed; neither _ (她也从来没有发过脾气).,has she lost/di

2、d she lose her temper,neither 放在句首，需要倒装。,(2010年06月),常考倒装,1. 当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装 Only when you have obtained sufficient data _.(你才能得出正确的结论) Only in the small town _ _. (他才感到安全和放松),can you come to a sound conclusion,does she feel secure,and relaxed,常考倒装,2. 具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时，常用的有：never, seldom, rarel

3、y, little, by no means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way, in no case, on no account, in no circumstances, not a bit, nowhere, not until, neither (nor), not onlybut also等。,常考倒装,2. The witness was told that under no circumstances _. (他都不应该对法庭说谎) _(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form.,

4、should he lie to the court,Not until the deadline did he send out,常考倒装,3.具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时，no soonerthan, hardly/scarcely/barelywhen，引导时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时，后面的从句用一般过去时。 No sooner _ (比赛刚开始) than it began to rain heavily. Hardly _ (他还未安顿下来)when he sold the house.,had the match started,had he had time to set

5、tle down,常考倒装,4. the more, the more结构中的倒装。 The more you explain, _ (我愈糊涂).,the more confused I am,89. We look forward to _ _ (被邀请出席开幕式).,being invited to attend the opening ceremony,look forward to doing sth. passive voice an/a opening/closing ceremony,(2010年06月),被动语态,1)不清楚动作的执行者是谁。 The front window

6、 in the classroom was broken yesterday. 2)说话人对宾语的兴趣大于对主语的兴趣。 The books are written especially for children.（说话人关心的只是；这本书是特别为孩子们准备的。）,被动语态,3)不愿意说出动作的执行者，目的是为了使语言更加圆滑、得体。 Its generally considered impolite to ask ones age，salary，marriage，etc. 4)出于修饰的原因，或使句子安排更加合理。 The professor came to our school and w

7、as warmly welcomed by the teachers and students.,语态的转换,1)汉语主动句的宾语译成英语被动句的主语。 _ (将领你们去参观我们的新车间) by the secretary. You _ _ (我们期待你能组织贸易推广活动) this time.,You will be shown our new workshop,are expected to organize this trade,publicity campaign,语态的转换,2)汉句以“我们”、“人们”、“大家”等泛指性代词作主语时，在翻成英文时常常可以忽略主语不译，并把英文译句处理

8、成被动语态(know, see, find, say, suppose, estimate, report, suggest, stress, consider, expect, admit, point, understand)。 如果原子失去一个或多个电子，我们就说这个原子带正电荷。 If one or more electrons are removed，the atom is said/believed/thought to be positively charged.,2) It is supposed that(据推测), It is said that(据说), It is es

9、timated that(据估计), It is calculated that(预计), It is reported that(据报道), It is suggested that(有人建议), It is stressed that(有人强调), It is thought that(有人认为), It is considered that(有人认为), It is expected that(据期望), It is well known that(众所周知), It must be admitted that(必须承认), It must be pointed out that(必须指

10、出), It is understood that(谁都知道), It may be safely said that(可以有把握地说)等。,众所周知，自然光其实是由许多种颜色构成。 It is well known that natural light is actually made up of many colors. 据了解，这个地区有丰富的自然资源。 The area is known to be rich in natural resources.,语态的转换,3)下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义，而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。如wash,

11、sell, read, wear, blame, ride(乘坐), write等。 Glass breaks easily. 译文：玻璃容易被碰碎。 The car rides smoothly. 译文：这车走起来很稳。 He is to blame. 译文：他应该受到责备。 The pen writes well. 译文：这支钢笔很好写。 This fabric will wash. 译文：这种织物很耐洗。,语态的转换,4)汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，被动语态来翻译是常用技巧。 _ (利用电脑) to collect the data much b

12、etter. 没有能量，没法做功。 译： 通常六点半开灯。 译：,Computer is used,No work can be done without energy.,The lights are usually turned on at 6:30.,90. It is suggested that the air conditioner _ (要安装在窗户旁).,should be installed next to the window,suggest虚拟 install安装,(2010年06月),Be型(should)+ do(动词原形）：用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语（见下页）之后

13、的that-分句中。 What do you think of the doctors recommendation that our friends stayed a few more days in hospital? stay/should stay,虚拟语气,1.“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that” 结构中的虚拟语气 某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should +动词原形或省略should (美国英语中省去should),虚拟语气,1.“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分

14、词)+that” 结构中的虚拟语气，常用的形容词有： advisable(合理的), appropriate (适当的), compulsory(必须的), crucial(紧急的), desirable (极好的), essential(必要的), important (重要的), imperative(迫切的), incredible(惊人的), natural (自然的), necessary(必要的), possible (可能的), preferable (更可取的), probable (很可能的), strange(奇怪的), urgent(紧迫的), vital (必不可少的)

15、,虚拟语气,It was necessary that we make everything ready ahead of time. Its important that we (should) take good care of the patient. It is natural that she should do so. It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible.这些申请表应尽早地寄回，这是很重要的。,It is vital that enough money be c

16、ollected to fund the project.重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。 It is desired that we get everything ready this evening.希望我们今晚一切都准备就绪。 I dont think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的。,1.“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that” 结构中的虚拟语气，常用的过去分词有： demanded (要求), de

17、sired (要求), ordered(命令), recommended (推荐), requested (被请求的), required (需要的), suggested (建议),虚拟语气,2.在It is +名词+that的主语从句中的虚拟语气 表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词有：advice, decision, desire, demand, order, pity, preference, proposal, recommendation, requirement, resolution, shame, suggestion, surprise, wish, wo

18、nder等。,虚拟语气,I drop caps. 我把帽子扔了 i: insist d: demand r: require, request o: order c: command a: advice p: prefer s: suggest,有些词有多个意义，当不表示建议、命令时，就不能用虚拟语气，如： Some evidence suggests that he be the criminal. Be is （一些证据表明）,虚拟语气,Were型were/过去时：常用于由if, if only, as if, as though, though引导的条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示非真实

19、条件或假设。 要特别注虚拟语气的谓语动词形式是否正确。条件句虚拟语气的结构如下所示：,虚拟语气,If we had more rain last summer，we would have a harvest would have had 此句应用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气形式,虚拟语气,Were-虚拟语气还可用其他形式表示,如without, but for, otherwise, or等。 Without/but for your help, I would never make such great success. would never have made Thanks to the m

20、an, or the little boy would be drowned in the river. would have been drowned,Were-型虚拟语气也用在表示臆想愿望的分句中，常由wish, suppose, imagine, would rather, would sooner that, would just as soon (that) 等引导，如： I wish it were spring all the year round. Just imagine everyone were to give up smoking.,特殊虚拟语气,在it is (hig

21、h) time (that)从句中，也用were-型虚拟语气或should be (should不可省略)，如： It is high time that measures should be taken/were taken to decrease the birth rate in this country.,91. The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite _ _ (她父母的强烈反对).,her parents strong opposition,despite/in spite of + n.,(2

22、010年06月),2009年12月CET-4翻译,87.You would not have failed if you _ (按照我的指令去做).,had followed my orders/instructions,虚拟语气的考察,(2009年12月),88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never _ (放弃对知识的追求).,gave up/abandoned his pursuit of knowledge,(2009年12月),89.Scientists agree that it will be a long time_ (

23、我们找到治愈癌症的方法).,before we find the way to cure cancer,(2009年12月),before we find the cure for cancer,90.Production has to be increased considerably to _ (与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步).,keep pace with the constantly growing needs of consumers,(2009年12月),91. The more exercise you take, _ _ (你越不大可能得感冒).,the less likel

24、y you are to catch cold,the + adj.比较级的考查，用倒装 be likely to,(2009年12月),2009年06月CET-4翻译,87. Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had _ _ (很难跟上班里的同学) in math and English.,difficulty in catching up with his classmates,(2009年06月),88. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary _ (

25、就不会被大雨淋湿了).,would not have been caught by the rain,虚拟语气的考查。,(2009年06月),89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are _ (更有可能增加体重).,more likely to get/put on weight,(2009年06月),90. _ (很多人所没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports. and football in particular.,What lots of people d

26、ont realize,主语从句的考查,(2009年06月),主语从句,1. that引导 _ (他还活着) is a wonder. _ (她成为画家) may have been due to her fathers influence. _ (你将来伦敦) is the best news Ive heard this long time.,That he is still alive,That she became an artist,That you are coming to London,主语从句,2. whether引导 _ (是否对我们有害) remains to be se

27、en. _ (他们是否会支持我们) was still a problem.,Whether it will do us harm,Whether they will support us,主语从句,3. 连接代词引导 _ (无论谁先到) will receive a prize. _ (你想要哪一个) is yours.,Whoever comes first,Whichever you want,主语从句,4. 连接副词引导 _ (这件事怎么发生的) is not clear to anyone. _ (邀请多少人) is still a question. _ (我在哪里过暑假) is

28、no business of yours.,How this happened,How many people we are to invite,Where I spend my summer,主语从句,5. what引导 _ (为河水增色的) is the lotus plants growing in the water. _ (我和你说的) is mere impressions. _ (我担心的是) is their taking him to Iran.,What makes the river more beautiful,What I am telling you,What I

29、am afraid of,91. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is _ (与缺乏锻炼密切相关).,closely connected with the lack of exercise,(2009年06月),closely relative to the lack of exercise,2008年12月CET-4翻译,87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _ _ (他们至今还没有答案).,tha

30、t they still havent found answers to,(2008年12月),虚拟语气的考查。,88. _ (大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children.,What most parents are concerned about,主语从句的考查。,(2008年12月),89. Youd better take a sweater with you _ (以防天气变冷),in case it gets/turns cold,(2008年12月),90. Through the p

31、roject, many people have received training and _ _(决定自己创业),decided to start their own business,and前后谓语动词时态保持一致 start ones own business,(2008年12月),91. The anti-virus agent was not known _ (直到一名医生偶然发现了它),until a doctor discovered it by chance,(2008年12月),until it was accidentally found by a doctor,被动语态

32、的考查。,2008年06月CET-4翻译,87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research _ (能应用于新技术的开发).,can be applied to the research and development of new technology,(2008年06月),被动语态的考查。,88. I cant boot my computer now. Something _(一定出了毛病)with its operating system.,must be wrong,(2008年06月),89. Leaving on

33、es job, _ (无论是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.,no matter what kind (of job) it is,(2008年06月),90. _(与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.,Compared with the place where I grew up,被动语态的考查。,(2008年06月),91. _(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was ser

34、iously ill.,Not until he (had) accomplished the task,(2008年06月),till一般不放于句首,2007年12月CET-4翻译,87. _(多亏了一系列的新发明), doctors can treat this disease successfully.,Thanks to a/the series of new inventions,(2007年12月),thanks to,88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that _ (我比以前更容易累了).,Im easier to get tri

35、ed than before,比较级的考查。,(2007年12月),Im more inclined to get tried than before,89. I am going to purchase this course, _ (无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).,no matter what kind of sacrifice Ill make,(2007年12月),90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _ (它更加方便和省时).,its more convenient an

36、d can save more time,(2007年12月),its more convenient and time-saving,91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _ (是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.,(2007年12月),is measured by how much they can borrow,2007年06月CET-4翻译,87. The finding of this study failed to _ _ (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).,take peoples s