法律文本翻译讲义.ppt

1、法律文本的翻译Translation of Legal Document,It is not possible to gain an insight into the nature of any institution of human life without an inquiry into the purposes or functions which the particular institution is designed to accomplish. Nobody can intelligently discuss problems of government and arrive

2、 at a considered judgment with respect to the policies which should be promoted by public officials or agencies without first forming an opinion as to the general aims and ends for which governments are established. This is equally true for the institution of law, at least in the secular, political

3、sense with which we are concerned. We treat law as a particular kind of governmental institution. From this perspective, we assert that no official within the institution of lawno judge, attorney or other person with official duties in the administration of lawcan adequately discharge his or her dut

4、ies unless familiar with the general purposes which the law is supposed to perform for society.,法律的性质和职能 要洞察人类生活任何一个制度的性质而不研究建立该制度旨在达到的目的或职能，那是不可能的。任何人如果不首先就政府建立的总目的和总目标形成一个意见，就不能明智地讨论治理国家的问题并就国家官员或国家机构应该推行的政策作出深思熟虑的判断。对法律制度来说，情况也同样如此至少在我们所关心的世俗的、政治的意义上是如此。我们把法律当作一种特定的政治制度。从这一观点出发，我们主张：在法律制度内，任何官员法官

5、、律师或其他在司法工作中担任正式职责的人如果不熟悉法律应为社会去完成的那些总目的，就无法恰当地履行其职责。,Contents,1. Brief introduction 2. Linguistic features of legal document 3. Principles of translation,1. Brief introduction,1. foreign investment and research; 2. cross-legal-translation; 3. making of law (Canada etc),Functions of legal document,法

6、律文本的功能 法律文本的主要功能应当是呼吁、规范，提供信息只能是它的各种次要功能之一、法律文本具有规定、约束性功能以规范和指导社会与个人之间、个人与个人之间在政治、经济和文化等领域的活动和行为，其规范功能受到国家强制力的保护，具有强制性。,Types of legal document,1. 宪法、法律、法令、公约（双边或多边）； 2. 合同和契约； 3. 诉讼文书：传票、诉状、案件报告、证词、判决书； 4. 公司章程、规则和规章； 5. 出生证明、死亡证明、结婚证、离婚证、证书、公证。,2. Linguistic features of legal document,style: forma

7、l (solemn, rigid) at different levels of language: A) words and phrases; B) sentence; C) discourse.,Lexicology of law,1. formal words and phrases prior (before); subsequent (after); provided that (but); etc 2. different denotation of the same common words battery: 电池伤害、人身攻击 appeal: 呼吁上诉 defense: 防御辩

8、护 visit: 参观、访问惩治 discovery: 发现证据开示（民事诉讼、强制性、法院主持） 3. archaism herein, hereafter, hereto, hereunder there-/where- aforesaid, forthwith,Lexicology of law,4. loan words Latin：ad hoc (专门的)、bona fide(真诚的)、 French: force majeure(不可抗力) 5. terms and jargons damages(损失赔偿金) 、defendant(被告)、lessee(承租人)、letters

9、patent(专利证书) shall、must、have the duty to do、may not、have the right to do 6. doublets/legal pairs or triplets null and void rest, residue and remainder,Syntax of law,1. complex sentences otherwise subject to without prejudice to provided that notwithstanding where clause who clause 2. passive voice,D

10、iscourse of law,Coherence and cohesion: fixed structure constitution; contract; agreement; convention; certificate; prospectus; bill of indictment; civil complaint/judgment;,3. Principles of translation,1. accuracy 2. consistency 3. clarity 4. professionalism 5. standardized language 6. team work,As

11、signment/transfer *,Without prior written approval, no Party shall assign any and all of its rights and interests and delegate its responsibilities under this Agreement to any third party. However, Party B shall have the right to assign its rights and interests and delegate its responsibilities here

12、under to an affiliate; provided that Party B shall continue to warrant that such affiliate will complete the purchase of the equity interest in the manner contemplated by this Agreement.,Without prior written approval, no Party shall assign any and all of its rights and interests and delegate its re

13、sponsibilities under this Agreement to any third party. prior: coming before in time; shall: indicating legal obligation; any and all: emphasis; under this Agreement: “本协议项下的”,未经事先书面批准，任何一方不得将其在本协议项下的任何和全部权利和权益让与及将其在本协议项下的责任委托给任何第三方。,However, Party B shall have the right to assign its rights and int

14、erests and delegate its responsibilities hereunder to an affiliate; provided that Party B shall continue to warrant that such affiliate will complete the purchase of the equity interest in the manner contemplated by this Agreement. hereunder: under this Agreement; provided that: under the condition

15、that,但乙方有权将其在本协议项下的任何和全部权利和权益让与及将其在本协议项下的责任委托给一家关联公司，但是（条件是）乙方应继续保证该关联公司将以本协议拟定的方式完成对股权的购买。,Assignment/transfer *,Neither Party may assign this Agreement, in whole or in part, without the other Partys prior written consent, except to i) any corporation resulting from any merger, consolidation or other reorganization involving the assigning Party, and ii) any entity to which the assigning Party may transfer all or substantially all of its assets; provided that