全英文介绍 中国哲学.ppt

1、,Chinese Philosophy,Chinese philosophy is the collective designation for the various schools of thought. It developed independent of European and other civilized countries, with its own distinguishing features, unique concept systems and experience ways.,Chinese philosophy has become one of the thre

2、e philosophy systems in the world, the other two being Western philosophy and Indian philosophy.,Chinese philosophy has developed over several thousand of years. Its origin can be traced back to the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. It begin to take definite shapes during the Spring and Autumn Period

3、and enjoyed thriving development because of the emergence of the “a hundred schools of thought contend” during the Warring States Period.,Three Aspects of Chinese Philosophy,The Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy The Basic Features of Ancient Chinese Philosophy Characteristics of Chinese Ethi

4、cs and Morality,The Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy,The philosophy in pre-Qin times（先秦子学） The orthodox philosophy during the Han Dynasty（两汉经学） Metaphysic during the Wei and Jin dynasties（魏晋玄学） The Buddhist philosophy during the Sui and Tang dynasties （隋唐佛学） Neo-Confucianism in Song and Min

5、g dynasties（宋明理学） Application philosophy in the Ming and Qing dynasties（明清实学）,Winston Sun,Confucius (Chinese: 孔子; pinyin: Kng z),(551479 BC) Educator Thinker Statesman A symbol of Chinese culture,Winston Sun,Education,He established first private school in China and accepted the students from everyw

6、here. Subjects: Manners, Music, Literature, Riding, Archery and Mathematics (礼，乐，射，御，书，数） He have 3000 students. Among them, 72 became famous scholars.,Winston Sun,GOLDEN RULE,Winston Sun,Confucius Quotes,To study but not think, you will be confused. Just to think but not study, you will be lazy.（学而

7、不思则罔，思而不学则殆。） What you do not want done to your self, do not do to others.（己所不欲勿施于人。 ） Reviewing what you have learned and learning new ones, you can be my teacher.（温故而知新可以为师矣。）,Winston Sun,The Basic Features of Ancient Chinese Philosophy,Stress on spiritual existence Stress on practice Stress on mo

8、rality Stress on harmony Stress on intuition,Spiritual existence Confucianisms knowledge of life through disposition and consciousness， Taoisms search for spiritual freedom and Buddhisms “Nirvana” all reflect their pursuit of the complete spiritual happiness.(把儒家的真性、道家的飘逸、佛教的超脱融合起来，就可以体会出中国古代人生哲学的境界

9、。) Practice “To prefer it is better than only to know it. To delight in it is better than merely to prefer it.”(这里的践履并非人类的生产实践，而是偏重于个人的修德重行。 ) Morality Monarchs benevolence and lower officials loyalty, fathers kindness and sons filial piety, elder brothers friendliness and younger ones respect, and

10、friends mutual trust.(中国古代哲学从本质上讲可以说是一种道德哲学。) Harmony Harmony between man and nature and also between man and man.(中庸之道是中国古代哲学的基本精神之一。) Intuition The philosophical ideas were formed based on intuition and reflection on lifes experiences.(这些哲学思想是哲学家们所得所悟的思维以及直觉体验的结晶，无论是影响深远“天人合一”、“道”，还是孟子所讲的尽心、知性、知天，

11、养“浩然之气”，庄子讲“天地与我并生，万物与我为一”，魏晋玄学家讲“言不尽意”，“得意忘象”，都是一种并不能由语言概念来确指、来表现，而只能靠主体依其价值取向在经验范围内体悟的思想。),1.The Master said, A youth, when at home, should be filial, and, abroad, respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He should overflow in love to all, and cultivate the friendship of the go

12、od. When he has time and opportunity, after the performance of these things, he should employ them in polite studies.“(子曰：“弟子，入则孝，出则弟，谨而信，凡爱众，而亲仁。行有余力，则以学文。”) 2.“(. The Master said, When we see men of worth, we should think of equaling them; when we see men of a contrary character, we should turn in

13、wards and examine ourselves子曰：“见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。” ) 3. The master said, “if a man take no thought about what is distant, he will find sorrow near at hand.” (子曰“人无远虑，必有近忧。”),Ethics is the moral principle for dealing with people. Morality is a social ideology which serves as the norms for peoples lives

14、and behaviours. Question: the three obediences and four virtues? the three basic rules and five constant virtues?,Characteristics of Chinese Ethics and Morality,1. Seeking harmony and maintaining equilibrium Harmony seeks peace, compromise, concord, and unison. Maintaining equilibrium is the ultimate purpose of harmony. 2. Collectivism over individualism Traditional Chinese values attach great importance to collective interest. An individuals value can be realized only within so