虚拟语气20110424.ppt

1、20110424,虚拟语气 The Subjunctive Mood,20110424,虚拟语气,BOOK 6, 7,一.三种语气：陈述、祈使、虚拟 二.虚拟语气用法： (一)条件从句中 1.If 非真实条件从句中：现在、过去、将来 If条件从句 结果主句 现在 did would/ should/ could/ might do 过去 had done would/ should/ could/ might have done 将来 did would/ should/ could/ might do were to do should do,2.省略If 的倒装句，条件句if 中v. we

2、re/ had/ should 置于主语之前 Were you in my position,you would do the same. Had he known her address,he would have gone to visit her. Had I time,I would come. Should it be necessay, I will go. Should they attack us,we would wipe them out competely.,3.混合条件句：条件从句与结果主句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整

3、。 If it had not been for the PLA man,he would not be studying English now. If we didnt get everything ready by now,we should be having a terrible time tomorrow. If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.,If he studied hard now,he would be a college student soon. 1.If I had work

4、ed harder at school, I_ in a comfortable office now. A.would have sat B.had sat C.would be sitting D.would sit,2.If the weather_ more favorable, the crop _still better now. A. were, would have grown B. has been, would be growing C. had, would have grown D. had been, would be growing,4.含蓄(隐含)条件句：假设的条

5、件句不是通过条件句，而是通过短语或上下文表示出来。 表示隐含条件的有： (1) conj. or otherwise but however He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he would have come to the party. - If he had not been very busy yester-day, he would have come to the party.,He would have gone to the party,but he was ill yesterday. - If he had not been ill

6、 yesterday, he would have gone to the party. I told Sally how to go there,but perhaps I should have written it out. - If I had not told Sallyhow to go there, I should have written it out.,(2) prep: without with but for Without water, there would be no life. Without air,there would be no living thing

7、s. With your help, we might finish the work earlier. But for your help,I couldnt have found the place. Without electricity ,human life_ quite different today. A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be,(3) 不定式短语、名词短语、陈述句 He would be a mistake not to help him. Five minutes earlier and you could have

8、 met her at the station. An honest man would have done that. The tree died.I should have watered it too much.,Eg. 1.He would gain weight but he_ much. A.wouldnt eat B.doesnt eat C.didnt eat D.hadnt eaten 2.I would have gone to the concert , but I _ no time. A.has B.have C.had D.had had,-1.If he ate

9、much , If he were to eat much , If he should eat much , he would gain weight. (but he doesnt eat much.) (but he will not eat much.) - If he had eaten much , he would have gained weight. (but he didnt eat much.),-He would gain weight but he doesnt eat much. -He would gain weight but he will not eat m

10、uch. -He would have gained weight , but he didnt eat much.,- 2.I would have gone to the concert , if I had had time. I would have gone to the concert , but I had no time.,3.Our monitor was absent. Otherwise I - the chair. A. would not take B. didnt take C. hadnt taken D. wouldnt have taken 4._ befor

11、e we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. A. Had they arrived B. Were they arriving C. Would they arrive D. Were they to arrive,(二)名词性从句中 (1)宾语从句 a.wish后面的宾语从句中，v.-现在，过去，将来 Wish - did had done would / could /might do,(二)名词性从句中 (1)宾语从句 b.suggest order demand request

12、 desire insist- 建议，命令，要求，请求的宾语从句中， v.-（should）do c.用于某些adj 或相当于adj 的过去分词的宾语从句中 v.- should do / should have done eg.I was glad that he should go. Im sorry that you should have to leave. Im ashamed you should have done such a thing.,eg.Janes pale face suggested that she_ ill,and her parents suggested

13、that she_ a medical examination. A.be, should have B.was, have C.should be, had D.was, has The man insisted that he_ the law and_ free. A.didnt break ,set B.didnt break, was set C.shouldnt break , should be set D.hadnt broken , be set,suggest 建议 - 虚拟语气 suggest 暗示，表明 - 陈述语气 insist 坚持要求 -虚拟语气 insist 坚

14、持说(主张,认为) -陈述语气 insist 的宾语从句中动作发生在insist动作之前 宾语从句用陈述语气,(2)主语从句中, v.-should do 表惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此等。should意为“应该”“竟然”。 It is necessary /important /natural /strange that. It is a pity /a shame /no wonder that. It is suggested /ordered /decided that. eg.It is necessary that we should clean the room every da

15、y. It is a pity that he should tell a lie. It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.,(3)表语从句中，v.-（should）do 主句的主语:suggestion request advice order proposal requirement idea plan- n. eg.My suggestion is that we should tell him. My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.,(4)

16、同位语从句中，v.-（should）do 主句的名词: suggestion request advice order proposal requirement idea plan- n. eg.The suggestion has been made that the meeting should be put off till next week. They received orders that the work be done at once. We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sights

17、eeing.,(三)状语从句中 (1) so that /in order that He worked hard in order that he could succeed.,(三)状语从句中 (2) a. as if/ as though-introducing a clause of manner,with a past tense in the clause b. as if/ as though-followed by a to-infinitive eg.He talks as if he knew all about it. He looks as if he had seen

18、 a ghost. She treats the student as if he were her own child . He opened his lips as if to say something.,eg.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks it_. A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken It looks as if it is going to snow/rain.,(三)状语从句中 (3) though /although eg.Though he make every effo