Unit 8.ppt

1、IELTS WRITING,Approaches and Strategies to Academic Writing Task 2,UNIT 8,IELTS WRITING,Two Structures:单边支持 & 双边讨论,Revision,5 steps to complete Task 2,Step 2 - Brainstorming Ideas,Step 3 - Structuring the Essay,Step 4 - Writing the Essay,Step 5 - Proof-reading the Essay,Step 1 - Understanding the Qu

2、estion,Step 3 - Structuring the Essay,Sample Task 2 Topic,Some people think that using animals for experimentation purpose is cruel and should not be allowed under any circumstance. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?,Sample Essay 1,Medical research involving animals has dra

3、matically improved the health of the human race. Without animal testing, the cure for polio would not exist and diabetics would suffer or die from their disease. Despite these benefits, some people believe that its too cruel to use animals for testing medical techniques and drugs. In their opinion,

4、animal experimentation should be completely forbidden. I do not agree with them.,Paragraph 1,Sample Essay 1,Animal testing allows scientists to test and create new drugs. Animals such as monkeys or rabbits have similar physical processes to humans. This allows scientists to test the effects of certa

5、in drugs. If a drug produces adverse effects in animals it is probably unfit for human use.,Paragraph 2,Sample Essay 1,Animal testing is cheap. There is a large supply of animals for medical research. Animals such as mice are easily bred, and maintained safely in controlled labs. The costs of testin

6、g in humans would be extremely high.,Paragraph 3,Sample Essay 1,Many people argue that animal testing is cruel. In some cases this is true. Some of the tests certainly seem painful, but the great majority of people on this planet eat meat or wear leather without any guilt. Where is their sympathy fo

7、r animals? Furthermore, animals clearly do not feel the same way as humans, and scientists are careful to minimize stress in the animals, since this would damage their research.,Paragraph 4,Sample Essay 1,In conclusion, animal testing is needed in the world we live in. Our responsibility is to manag

8、e the animals in our care and balance their suffering against the good that comes from them.,Paragraph 5,Sample Essay 1 - overview,Humans use animals for experiments. I think animal testing should be allowed.,Animal testing allows scientists to test and create new drugs.,Animal testing is cheap.,Man

9、y people argue that animal testing is cruel. But they are unjustified.,In conclusion, animal testing is needed,Para 1,Para 2,Para 3,Para 4,Para 5,Animal testing allows scientists to test and create new drugs.,Animal testing is cheap.,Many people argue that animal testing is cruel. But they are unjus

10、tified.,In conclusion, animal testing is needed,Para 1,Para 2,Para 3,Para 4,Para 5,Writers opinion,Sample Essay 1 - structure,1st reason to support opinion,Animal testing is cheap.,Many people argue that animal testing is cruel. But they are unjustified.,In conclusion, animal testing is needed,Para

11、1,Para 2,Para 3,Para 4,Para 5,Writers opinion,Sample Essay 1 - structure,1st reason to support opinion,Many people argue that animal testing is cruel. But they are unjustified.,In conclusion, animal testing is needed,Para 1,Para 2,Para 3,Para 4,Para 5,Writers opinion,2nd reason to support opinion,Sa

12、mple Essay 1 - structure,1st reason to support opinion,In conclusion, animal testing is needed,Para 1,Para 2,Para 3,Para 4,Para 5,Writers opinion,2nd reason to support opinion,3rd reason by refuting the opposite view,Sample Essay 1 - structure,1st reason to support opinion,Para 1,Para 2,Para 3,Para

13、4,Para 5,Writers opinion,2nd reason to support opinion,3rd reason by refuting the opposite view,Restate writers opinion,Sample Essay 1 - structure,1st reason to support opinion,Para 1,Para 2,Para 3,Para 4,Para 5,Introduction,2nd reason to support opinion,3rd reason by refuting the opposite view,Rest

14、ate writers opinion,Sample Essay 1 - structure,Para 1,Para 2,Para 3,Para 4,Para 5,Introduction,Restate writers opinion,Body,Sample Essay 1 - structure,Sample Essay 1,Para 1,Para 2,Para 3,Para 4,Para 5,Introduction,Conclusion,Body,For (animal testing),For,For,单边支持,Sample Essay 2,Every year, millions

15、of animals undergo painful suffering or death as a result of scientific research into the effects of drugs, food additives, cosmetics and other chemical products. While most people think animal testing is necessary, others are upset by what they see as needless suffering.,Paragraph 1,Sample Essay 2,

16、Many medical treatments and procedures have been developed from experiments on animals. Since animals share many features with humans, scientists use animals to test the safety and effectiveness of newly developed drugs before pilot testing on small groups of patients. Medical teams practice new ope

17、rating techniques such as transplants on animals. Without animal testing, many procedures or new drugs would be extremely unsafe.,Paragraph 2,Sample Essay 2,However, many people are concerned that animals are suffering unnecessarily and cruelly. They do not believe that every new drug needs to be te

18、sted on animals, especially with the huge database of knowledge and modern computer models. They particularly feel that animal testing should not be used for non-essential products such as cosmetics, shampoos, soaps, and cleaning products.,Paragraph 3,Sample Essay 2,In summary, there are good reason

19、s both for and against animal testing. As far as I am concerned, it all depends on the nature of experimentation and the type of animal used. For example, endangered species should never be used for experiments. Also, experiments on animals that do not significantly benefit humans should be avoided

20、as much as possible. After all, treating our fellow creatures as mercifully as possible will demonstrate our humanity.,Paragraph 4,Sample Essay 2 - overview,Humans use animals for experiments. Some people are for while others against,Scientists develop drugs and medical procedures by animal testing,

21、Many animals under experiments are suffering unnecessarily and cruelly,Whether animal testing can be allowed depends on the nature of the experimentation and the type of animal used,Para 1,Para 2,Para 3,Para 4,Sample Essay 2 - structure,Para 1,introducing two opposing views,Scientists develop drugs

22、and medical procedures by animal testing,Many animals under experiments are suffering unnecessarily and cruelly,Whether animal testing can be allowed depends on the nature of the experimentation and the type of animal used.,Para 1,Para 2,Para 3,Para 4,Sample Essay 2 - structure,argument for animal t

23、esting,introducing two opposing views,Many animals under experiments are suffering unnecessarily and cruelly,Whether animal testing can be allowed depends on the nature of the experimentation and the type of animal used.,Para 1,Para 2,Para 3,Para 4,Sample Essay 2 - structure,argument for animal test

24、ing,introducing two opposing views,Whether animal testing can be allowed depends on the nature of the experimentation and the type of animal used.,Para 1,Para 2,Para 3,Para 4,argument against animal testing,Sample Essay 2,argument for animal testing,introducing two opposing views,Para 1,Para 2,Para 3,Para 4,argument against animal testing,writers own view a balanced view,双边讨论,Summary:,单边支持,双边讨论,Two basic structures ofargument essays for Task 2,the easier way to construct an essay,shows you have the