8BU7Grammar.ppt

1、U7 Grammar2被动语态,被动语态的基本构成： be+动词的过去分词 （be+done),被动语态的用法,1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。,这块手表是中国制造的。 This watch is made in China.,2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者,每年都应该种更多的树。 Many trees should be planted every year.,3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。,世界上越来越多的人说汉语。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.,4. 句子的主语是动作的承受者。,许多房屋被冲走了。 Man

2、y houses were washed away by the flood.,1.一般现在时am/is/are +done,We clean the classroom every day. The classroom is cleaned by us every day.,He put on a coat. A coat was put on by him.,2.一般过去时was/were+done,He made the kite. The kite was made by him.,3.一般将来时 shall/will /be going to+ be done,They will p

3、lant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow He is going to write a letter to his mother. A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.,1.Apple trees will be planted(by us) tomorrow. 2.Apple trees wont be planted(by us) tomorrow. 3.Will apple trees be planted(by us) tomorrow?

4、4.Where will apple trees be planted(by us) tomorrow?,一般将来时被动语态,肯定式: will be / be going to be+ done,否定式: wont be/ be not going to be + done,疑问式: Will+主语 be/ be+主语+ going to be+ done?,特殊疑问式: 疑问词 + will+主语 be/ be+主语+ going to be+ done?,Environment Week,A The students are talking about Environment Week.

5、 Help them make sentences using the passive voice.,activities/in Environment Week/ a lot of/organize/ are going to _ _,A lot of activities are going to be organized in Environment Week.,to all the people/send/leaflets/in the town/will _ _,design/posters/will/by Sandy _,are going to/hold/some of the

6、activities/ in the town square _ _,Posters will be designed by sandy.,Leaflets will be sent to all the people in the town.,Some of the activities are going to be held in the town square.,Environment Week,B Lisa is telling her cousin Harry about a show that will be held in this Environment Week on th

7、e phone. Help Lisa answer Harrys questions using the passive voice.,Lisa: Hi, Harry. Theres going to be an environment show here. Harry: Really? When is the show going to be held? Lisa: _ _(this Friday evening),The show is going to be held this Friday evening.,Harry: Will the show be held at your sc

8、hool? Lisa: No. _. (at the town hall) Harry: Who will be invited to the show? Lisa: _ _ (some famous people in our town) Harry: What will be displayed at the show? Lisa: _ _(videos about the past and present of Sunshine Town),The show will be held at the town hall.,Some famous people in our town wil

9、l be invited to the show.,Videos about the past and present of Sunshine Town will be displayed at the show.,Harry: What will be discussed at the show? Lisa: _ _ (ways about how to protect the environment),We use “will be” or_ + past participate” to form the passive voice in the simple future tense.,

10、Ways about how to protect the environment will be discussed at the show.,be going to be,C Kitty is writing an article about pollution. Help her complete the article using the passive voice.,Pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today. In many places, rubbish _ (throw) into lakes and

11、rivers, so many of them _ (pollute). In some cities, the air_ (fill) with pollution. This makes people ill, and more people _(hurt) in the future if it is not cleaned up. As well as people, animals _(harm),is thrown,are polluted,is filled,are going to be hurt,are harmed,by pollution. Land and water

12、pollution kills many animals every year. If we do not act to improve the environment, more living things _(kill) by pollution. However, there is some good news. A show _ (hold) at the town hall this Friday evening. All of us will have a chance to think about the world around us. On that day, we _(sh

13、ow) how to protect the environment. If we work together, we can make the world a better place.,will be killed,will be held,are going to be shown,5.含有情态动词的被动语态,can/may/must/should +be done,I can find him. He can be found by me.,4.现在完成时has /have +been done,Jim has finished the work. The work has been

14、finished by Jim.,5. 现在进行时的被动语态,am/is/are + being +PP,Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now.,6. 过去进行时的被动语态,was/were + being +PP,She was interviewing the famous man at this time yesterday.,The famous man was being interviewed by her.,各种时态的被动情况： 一般现在时：

15、一般过去时： 现在进行时： 过去进行时： 现在完成时： 过去完成时： 一般将来时： 过去将来时： 情态动词变被动：,am / is / are done,was / were done,am / is / are being done,was / were being done,have / has been done,had been done,shall / will be done be going to be done,would/should +be+ done,情态动词+be+ done,把下列句子变为被动语态： 1.They made shoes in that factory.

16、 2.They will make shoes in that factory. 3.They would make shoes in that factory. 4.They can make shoes in that factory. 5.They have made shoes in that factory. 6.They had made shoes in that factory. 7.They are making shoes in that factory. 8.They were making shoes in that factory,1. I was given a b

17、ook by him. (间宾作主）,He gave me a book. (变被动）,主语,谓语,间宾,直宾,2. A book was given to me by him.,My mother bought me a birthday cake.,主语,谓语,间宾,直宾,1. I was bought a birthday cake by my mother.,2. A birthday cake was bought for me by my mother.,变为被动时，间宾前加to 的带有双宾语的动词有： bring, pass, give, lend, show, send , w

18、rite.,变为被动时，间宾前加for 的带有双宾语的动词有： buy, cook, get, sing.,带有双宾语的动词变为被动：,带双宾语（间接宾语和直接宾语）的主动变被动有两种改法: (1)把间接宾语（即人）改成主语 (2) 把直接宾语（即物）改成主语时,谓语动词后必须加适当的介词: to, for.,使役动词( make, let ,have)和感官动词(see, hear, - find, notice -)在主动句中后面的动词不带to ,但在被动句中后面的动词必须带to Eg,1 My father made me go there alone -I was made to go

19、 there alone. 2 He let the man work fourteen hours. The man was let to work fourteen hours. 3 We often see them play football together. They are often seen to play football together.,We usually hear him sing in the next room.,He is usually heard to sing in the next room.,We hear him playing the guit

20、ar in the next room now.,He is heard playing the guitar in the next room.,补充部分,1. 主动结构表被动意义,open, write, sell, wash等词作不及物动词时，与副词连用，主语为物，描述主语的特性，可以用主动语态表被动意义。,This kind of shirt sells well. The shop opens at 8:00 a.m. The pen writes well. The clothes wash easily.,2. look, sound, taste, smell等系动词用主动表被

21、动意义。 例： It smells wonderful. Mooncakes taste delicious.,3. 在be worth doing（值得做某事）中,doing表被动意义。 例：This book is worth reading.,4.(sth) want/need/require+doing =want/need/require+to be done 例：My bike needs repairing. =My bike needs to be repaired 我的自行车需要修理。,1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _

22、shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have toB are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to 2. The fifth generation computers, _and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed3. - _ the sports meet might be put

23、 off - Yes，it all depends on the weather A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told,A,C,A,4. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the

24、 near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed7. When part of a pencil is in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D.

25、had been broken,D,C,B,C,8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up9. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. c

26、ost10. - Look! Everything here is under construction. - Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building 11.- Do you like the cloth? - Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt,B,D,A,C,12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese A write B to write C to be written D written 13. I have no more letters _ ，thank you A