Unit 13 Transportation.ppt

1、Unit 8 Transportation,Modes of Transport 各种运输方式对比 Clause of Shipment 装运条款 Major Shipping Documents 主要装船单据,8.1 Modes of Transport 运输方式,1. Ocean Transport 海洋运输 2. Air Transport 航空运输 3. Rail Transport 铁路运输 4. Road Transport 公路运输 5. Inland Water Transport 内河运输 6. Container Transport 集装箱运输 7. Internation

2、al Multi-modal Transport 国际多式联运 8. Parcel Post Transport and Pipeline Transportation邮政运输与管道运输,1.The factors like distance, carrying capacity, cost, safety and speed etc. should be considered in combination. 2.the importance of factors varies with the nature of the goods to be shipped.,Ocean Transpor

3、t 海洋运输,Features of Sea Transportation Ocean transport has been the most important mode of transport in international trade. Two third of the worlds total trade volume and over 80% of Chinas imports and exports now are transported by sea. It has the advantages of easy passage and large capacity, alth

4、ough it is comparatively slow, which is its disadvantage.,Ocean Transport,Liner shipping,Conference shipping,Non-conference shipping,Charter shipping,Voyage charter,Time charter,Bareboat charter,Liner Transport 班轮运输,1. “四固定”，按固定的船期表（ Fixed Sailing Schedule）、沿着固定的航线（Set Routes）和港口（Fixed Ports of Call

5、）往来 运输，并按相对固定的运费率（Fixed Freight Rate）收取运费。 2. 船方负责配载装卸，装卸费包括在运费中，船货双方也不计算滞期费（Demurrage）和速遣费（Dispatch Money）。 3. 船货双方权利、义务和责任豁免以船方签发的提单条款为依据。 4. 班轮承运货物的品种、数量较为灵活，货运质量有保证。,班轮运费,班轮运费依照班轮运价表（Liners Freight Tariff）规定计收。班轮 运价表一般包括：货物分级表、各航线费率表、附加费率表、冷藏货及活牲 畜费率表等。 目前，我国海洋班轮运输公司使用的是“等级运价表”， 即将承运的货物 分成若干等级（一

6、般分为20个等级），每一个等级的货物有一个基本费率。 其中1级费率最低，20级费率最高。 班轮运费包括：基本运费与附加费两部分。前者是指货物从装运港到卸 货港所应收取的基本运费，它是构成全程运费的主要部分；后者是指对一些 需要特殊处理的货物，或者由于突发事件的发生或客观情况变化等原因而需 另外加收的费用。,班轮运费基本运费,Basic Freight Rates： For items marked with “W”, freight to be calculated on gross weight ton. 按货物毛重（公吨），又称“重量吨” 。 For items marked with “

7、M”, freight to be calculated on measurement ton. 按货物体积（立方米），又称“尺码吨”。 For items marked with “Ad Val.”, freight to be calculated on the value. 从价运费，以FOB价格的百分比计收。 For items marked with “W/M”, freight subject to the higher rate. 重量吨或尺码吨，以较高者计收。 For items marked with “W/M or Ad Val.”, the highest rate is

8、 applicable. 重量吨、尺码吨或从价运费，以最高者计收。,班轮运费附加费,Additional Charges： Heavy Additional 超重附加费 Long Length Additional 超长附加费（达到或超过9米） Bulky Additional 超大件附加费 Direct Additional 直航附加费 Transshipment Additional 转船附加费 Port Additional 港口附加费 Optional Additional 选择卸货港附加费 Port Congestion Surcharge 港口拥挤附加费 Deviation Sur

9、charge 绕航附加费 Bunker Surcharge 燃油附加费 Devaluation Surcharge 货币贬值附加费,Shipping by Chartering/ Tramp租船运输/不定期船运输,适用于粮食、油料、矿产品和工业原料等大宗货物的运输。 分类： Voyage Charter 定程租船 Time Charter 定期租船 Bareboat Charter 光船租船 Time Charter on Trip Basis(TCT) 航次租船,Voyage Charter定程租船,运 费：按运费率计算或整船包价 装卸费： “班轮条件（Liner Terms） 船方管装管卸

10、 船方管装不管卸（Free Out, FO） 船方管卸不管装（Free In, FI） 船方装和卸均不管（Free In and Free Out, FIO）一般 用于散装货 船方不管装卸、理舱和平舱（Free In and Out, Stowed and Trimmed, FIOST）,Container Transport and International Multi-modal Transport集装箱运输与国际多式联运,1. 集装箱运输 Container Transport 2. 国际多式联运 International Multi-modal Transport 3. 大陆桥运输

11、 Land Bridge Transport,集装箱运输 Container Transport,国际通用集装箱规格：20英尺：88 20 40英尺：88 40 为便于统计计算，目前国际上都以20尺集装箱作为计算衡量单位，以TEU（Twenty foot Equivalent Unit）表示。在统计不同型号集装箱时，按集装箱长度换算成20尺单位（TEU）计算.,国际多式联运 International Multi-modal Transport,国际多式联运：是指按照多式联运合同，以至少两种不同 的运输方式，由多式联运经营人把货物从一国境内接运货物的 地点运至另一国境内指定交付货物的地点。 联

12、合国国际货物多式联运公约 特点：简化了手续，减少了中间环节，加快了货运速度， 降低了运输成本，提高了货运质量。,大陆桥运输 Land Bridge Transport,大陆桥运输：是指使用横贯大陆的铁路（公路）运输系统，作为 中间桥梁，把大陆两段的海洋连接起来的集装箱连 贯运输方式。 优点：运费低廉，运输时间短，手续简便，货损货差小。 大陆桥运输始于1967年，现已形成三条路线： （1）西伯利亚大陆桥（纳霍德卡鹿特丹） （2）欧亚大陆桥（连云港鹿特丹） （3）北美大陆桥（西部太平洋口岸东部大西洋口岸/ 西部太平洋口岸南部墨西哥湾口岸）,8.2 Clause of Shipment装运条款, T

13、ime of Shipment 装运时间 Port of Shipment / Port of Destination 装运港和目的港 Shipping Advice 装运通知 Partial Shipment and Transshipment 分批装运和转运 Lay Time, Demurrage and Dispatch 装卸时间、滞期与速遣 Other Clause of ShipmentOCP条款,Time of Shipment 装运时间,Time of Shipment：the deadline by which the seller makes shipment of the

14、contracted goods. Note：the difference between Time of Shipment and Time of Delivery. 装运时间与交货时间的区别。 装运时间: 是指卖方在起运地点装运货物的期限。 交货时间: 则是卖方完成交货义务的时间。 例：F组与C组贸易术语下，装运期与交货期相同，而D组术语下，装运期与交货期则是两个不同的概念。,装运时间的规定方法 （1）明确规定一个具体装运期限 eg. Shipment during July Shipment not later than July 31st Shipment at or before t

15、he end of Sep. （2）规定收到信用证后若干天装运 eg. Shipment within 30 days after receipt of L/C, and the relevant L/C must reach the seller nor later than （3）笼统规定近期装运（不宜采用） eg. Immediate shipment ; prompt shipment; shipment as soon as possible,装运港（地）和目的港（地）,Port of Shipment: the port where goods are shipped and de

16、part. 装运港，是指货物起始装运的港口。 Port of Destination : the port at which goods are ultimately discharged. 目的港，是指最终卸货的港口。,一般情况下，装运港和目的港分别规定一个。 eg. Port of Shipment: Tianjin Port of Destination: London 有时按实际业务的需要，也可分别规定两个或两个以上的装运港和目的港。 eg. Port of Shipment: Ningbo/Shanghai Port of Destination: London/Liverpool

17、在磋商交易时，如明确规定装运港和目的港有困难，可以采用选择港（Optional Ports）办法。 eg. CIF London, optional Hamburg/Rotterdam Port of Destination: Main Mediterranean Ports,装运港和目的港的规定方法,Shipping Advice 装运通知,When the goods are shipped on board the vessel, the seller needs to give the buyer prompt notice of the port of shipment, the d

18、ate of sailing, the name of the carrying vessel, the estimated time of arrival of the vessel and send the buyer the copies of the necessary documents to enable the buyer to get ready to take delivery of the goods. In the event of the seller failing to send shipping advice to the buyer within the pre

19、scribed time period, the seller would bear the consequential cost incurred. Note: the importance of shipping advice in CFR and CPT contract.,Partial Shipment and Transshipment分批装运和转运,Partial Shipment means shipping the commodity under one contract in more than one lot. 分批装运，又称分期装运（Shipment by Instal

20、lments）， 是指一个合同项下的货物分若干批或若干期装运。,Partial Shipment and Transshipment分批装运和转运,合同中的分批、转运条款通常与装运期条款相结合规定 eg. Shipment during May/June/July, with partial shipments and transshipment allowed. During June/July in two shipment, transshipment is Prohibited. During Nov./Dec. in two equal monthly shipment, to be

21、 transshipment at Hongkong.,Lay Time, Demurrage and Dispatch 装卸时间、滞期与速遣,Lay Time装卸时间 Lay time is the time allowed for the completion of loading and unloading, and it is usually expressed by days or hours. There are several ways of stipulating lay time: Days or Running Days 日或连续日 Weather Working Days

22、 of 24 Hours 累计24小时好天气工作日 Weather Working Days of 24 Consecutive Hours 连续24小时好天气工作日,滞期费（Demurrage）是指在规定的装卸期限内，租船人 未完成装卸作业，给船方造成经济损失，租船人对超过的时间应向船方支付一定的罚金。 速遣费（Dispatch Money）是指在规定的装卸期限内，租 船人提前完成装卸作业，使船方节省了船舶在港的费用开支，船方应向租船人就可节省的时间支付的一定的奖金。,其他装运条款OCP条款,OCP: Overland Common Points的缩写，意为“内陆地区”，根据美国运费率规定，

23、 以美国西部9个州为界，即美国落基山以东地区，均为内陆地区范围。 按OCP运输条款达成的交易，出口商不仅可享受美国内陆运输的优惠费率，而 且也可以享受OCP海运的优惠费率。因此，对美交易中，采用OCP运输条款，对进 出口双方均为有利。 采用OCP条款时应注意： 货物最终目的地必须术语OCP地区范围 货物必须经由美国西海岸港口中转。 提单上必须标明OCP字样，并且在提单目的港一栏中除填明美国西部海岸港口名称外，还要加注内陆地区的城市名称。,Major Shipping Documents 主要装船单据,Transport Document,Ocean Bill of Lading, B/L De

24、finition of B/L: A marine bill of lading is a transport document covering port-to-port shipments of goods (for carriage of goods solely by sea) Functions of B/L: 1、Its a receipt for merchandise 2、Its a title document to the goods 3、Its a certification of transport contract,海运提单的格式和内容,（1）托运人Shipper （2）收货人Consignee （3）被通知人Notify Party （4）收货地或装货港