高考英语一轮复习 语法 被动语态 ppt.ppt

1、Try to find the mistake in each sentence.,1.The words and expressions seldom repeat. 2.We are glad to see the plan carry out. 3. The words and expressions are difficult to be remembered. 4.The idea is sounded reasonable. 5.The book is worth being read.,are seldom repeated,carried out,remember,sounds

2、,reading,高考语法复习,被 动 语 态,高考题点击： 1. I need one more stamp before my collection _. (94 N) A. has completedB. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. (98 N) A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay,说明：集邮册只能被完成，且在 before 从句中没有将来时，故只能选D。,说明：该句的意思为“

3、在大城市中清洁女工的工资通常是按小时支付的。”很明显该用被动语态。,D,C,3. Books of this kind _ well. (99 上海) A. sellB. sellsC. are soldD. is sold 4. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. (01 北京春) A. loseB. will be lostC. are lostD. will lose,说明：sell 既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，当用作“销售情况如何”时，sell 为不及物动词，故没有被动语态。 类似的词还有：wash, translate, write

4、 等。,说明：lose job 为“失业”，job 只能被失去，且动作应该发生在将来。,A,B,5. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month. (2001 北京春季) A. will be builtB. is built C. has been builtD. is being built 6. The new bridge _ by the end of last month. (2001上海) A. has been designedB. had been designed C. was designedD. woul

5、d be designed,说明：从后句可知电影院应该正在修建。需要注意的是现在进行时态的被动语态的动词形式。,说明：by the end of 短语一般都与过去完成时或将来完成时连用。,D,B,7. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. (2002 北京春季) A. killedB. is killedC. was killedD. was killing 8. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled（宠

6、坏的） child. (2002上海) A. is to blameB. is going to blame C. is to be blamedD. should blame,说明：不要被前面使用的现在时所蒙蔽，在地震中抢救小孩并献身的动作只能在过去。,说明：be to blame 是固定结构，不能用被动语态。该句是一个强调句型。,C,A,9. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (2002上海春季) A. cut B. are

7、 cut C. are being cut D. had been cut,说明：该句的意思为“雨林正在以如此快的速度被砍伐和烧毁以至于在不久的将来它们就会消失。”从语境中可以看出应该使用现在进行时。况且进行时可以表达出说话人的一种特殊的情感。说话人是想呼吁人们停止乱砍乱烧雨林，给人们提出的一种警告。,C,语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。,We cleaned the classro

8、om yesterday. The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday.,动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。,在被动句中有时用by- 词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用 by 词组。例如：,Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 哈姆雷特是莎士

9、比亚写的。,Change these sentences into passive voice.,1.They make shoes in that factory. 2. They bought ten computers last term 3.Ling Feng can take good care of Polly 4.They will finish the work in ten days. 5.Some workers are painting the rooms now 6We have made twenty more keys 7I was doing my homewor

10、k at 8:00 last night.,各种时态的被动语态构成,一般时态的 被动语态 1）一般现在时的被动语态 2）一般过去时的被动语态 3）一般将来时的被动语态 4）一般过去将来时的被动语态,S+ am/is /are +done,S+ was/were +done,S+ will + be+ done,S+ would +be + done,He is regarded as a great writer.,This book was written in 1969.,The work will be finished in three hours.,I didnt expect th

11、at I would be asked to speak.,进行时态的被动语态,1）现在进行时的被动语态： 2）过去进行时的被动语态：,S+ was /were+ being+ done,S+ am/is/are + being + done,The road is being repaired.,He was being looked after by his sister.,完成时态的被动语态,1）现在完成时的被动语态： 2）过去完成时的的被动语态,S+ have/has + been+ done,S+ had + been+ done,She hasnt been told about

12、it yet.,I heard she had already been sent to hospital.,情态动词的被动语态：,S+ can/may/must/should + be+ done,This cant be done in short time.,一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如： Football is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如： My bike was stolen,何时使用被动语态呢？,三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如： It is

13、 said that he is a great writer. It was reported that her mother died of SARS. 众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说 It is supposed that ,四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。 例如：魏华是由林涛叫来的。 Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao,五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was born in October，1989 六、表示礼貌时。例如： You are friendly invited to come to our

14、English party at 8：00pmtomorrow,在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？ 1.表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last， own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。例如： The shirt fits him very well He is fitted very well by the shirt,【正】,【误】,2.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如： Look at the blackboard，please The blackboard is looked at by you,【正】,【误】,3.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用

15、于被动语态。例如： He joined the League in 1998 The League was joined by him in 1998,【正】,【误】,4.由“动词名词”构成的英语习语（如make faces，make friends，take place等）一般不可改为被动语态。例如： The boy make faces in class Faces are made by the boy in class,【正】,【误】,Great changes have taken place in Nanjing in the past years.,在过去的 几年，南京发生了巨大

16、的 变化。,5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如： You must look after yourself Yourself must be looked after.,【正】,【误】,若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加“to”。此类动词为感官动词和使役动词:feel, hear, listen to, look at, observe, see, notice, watch; make, let, have等。 (巧记：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。）,几种特殊情况：,The teacher made me go out

17、of the classroom. We saw him play football on the playground.,- I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).,- He was seen to play football on the playground,2. 表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。 (begin, open, start, stop, end, finish, shut, move ,run.) The shop opens at 6 am. every day,School begi

18、ns in September. The stores in this area open later at weekends than at weekdays.,学校九月开学。 这个地区的商店周末开门的时间要比工作日迟。,3. 短语动词的被动语态 短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如： 1）All the rubbish should be got rid of. 2) This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.,3) My sister w

19、ill be taken care of by Grandma. 4) Such a thing has never been heard of before.,3）我的妹妹将由奶奶照顾。 4）以前没听过这样的 事。,4. 不用被动语态的情况 1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die, disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take pl

20、ace,After the fire, very little remained in my house. At last, my dream came true.,大火之后什么也没留下。 最后,我的梦想终于成真了。,比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词； raise, seat是及物动词。The price has been risen.The price has risen. The accident was happened last week.The accident happened last week. The price has raised.The pric

21、e has been raised. Please seat. Please be seated.,(F),(T),(T),(T),(T),(F),(F),(F),5 用谓语动词主动形式表示被动含义,（1.） 动词 (表示主语的属性特征) + 副词 (well/ badly /easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。 (read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, eat, lock.),这台机器运转的很好。 The machine runs very well.,This pen writes quite smoothly. The bo

22、okshelf hardly sells.,这只笔很好写。 这个书架几乎卖不动。,2) 表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。例如：,Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt,C,The song sounds very beautiful. What he said proved to be correct later.,1.这首歌听起来非常优美。 2.他说的话后来证明是正

23、确的。,6 用非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动 1) want/need/require作“需要”讲时后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。,Your jacket needs washing/ to be washed.,Youve come just in time to help us. Fine, what requires_? (=Fine, what requires_?) This sentence needs _ . A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved,C,doing,to be

24、 done,3).不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。,(difficult, easy, hard, fit, pleasant ,good, light, comfortable, safe) The book is difficult to understand.,4.)不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。 I will give him something to drink.,2) be worth 后常接动名词，用主动表示被动意义The book is worth re

25、ading.,5.) 不定式 to blame, 表示“应受批评,责备”，用主动式表被动义。 The boy is to blame for what he has done.,6.) 在There be 句型中修饰主语的不定式用主动形式或被动形式 There are many things to do/ to be done.,1)Your jacket needs _(wash) 2)The house requires _ (repair),Exercises:,washing,repairing,3)The meat is not fit _(eat) 4)We find Englis

26、h difficult _ (learn),to eat,to learn,5)I have much homework _ (do) 6)Ill give the boy some books _ (read),to do,to read,7.The book is worth _( read) . 8.Black people had no right_( vote) 9.I have a lot of homework _(do) 10.There are many jobs _(do),to do,to do,reading,to vote,Exercises: 1. The stee

27、l _ cold A. is felt B. was feeling C. feels D. is being felt 2. His plan _ good A. has sounded B. is sounding C. is sounded D. sounds 3.Work _ at 7 pm. every day A. ends B. ended C. was ended D. had ended 4. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves

28、D. served,C,D,A,B,5. People often want to know what my job is. Often I _ that question. A. ask B. am asking C. get asked D. get asking,6. The new dictionaries are very useful. They _ well and _ already. A. sell, have been sold out B. sold, had sold out C. sell, sell out D. are sold, have been sold o

29、ut,C,A,7. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed,8. The teacher told his students that they _ to be useful men to the country. A. were all expected B. were all expecting C. all were expected D. all expected,

30、D,A,9.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006. A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed 10.The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. A. wasB.were C

31、. had been D. would be 11. The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned,C,A,D,12.You were out when I dropped in at your house. Oh ,I _ for a friend from England at the airport. A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have wait

32、ed 13.All the employees except the manager_to work online at home. A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged 14.More patients _in hospital this year than last year. A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated 15.-have you moved into the new house? -Not yet. The rooms_. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting,A,D,D,A,16.George and Lucy got married last week . Did you go to their wedding ? No , I . Did they have a big wedding ? Awas not invited Bhav