词汇学遣词法.ppt

1、English Translation,双语学院 陈影,“No brick, no construction; no word, no composition.”,判断词义 1. 通过查阅工具书 Official sanction has not yet been given. 尚未获得正式批准。 The British and the French imposed sanctions on Italy in 1935. 英法两国在1935年对意大利实施制裁。,2.通过分析句子、句群的语法结构来判断语义 3. 通过分析上下文逻辑关系、篇章的整体效果等来判断词义,Translation Tech

2、niques-Diction,By diction we mean the proper choice of words and phrases in the translation process to fit the context.,I caught a boy stealing apples from the garden. 误译：当一个男孩儿偷园里的苹果时，我抓住了他。 改译：我撞见一个男孩儿偷园里的苹果。 Sorry, I didnt quite catch what you said. 对不起，我没有怎么抓住你说的话。 对不起，我没有听清你说的话。,Your back looks

3、 sore-youve really caught the sun. 误译：你后背红了-你真的抓住太阳了。 改译：你后背红了-今天真晒坏了。 The house is very cheap. There must be a catch somewhere. 误译：这所房子非常便宜，这里面一定有某地 方抓住了。 改译：这所房子非常便宜，这里面一定有蹊跷。,develop a habit 养成习惯 develop a plan 制定计划 develop ones competence 提高能力 develop a new instrument 研制新仪器 develop an interest 产

4、生兴趣 develop new varieties 培养新品种 develop a method 研究一种方法 develop heavy industry 发展重工业,轧钢厂 rolling mill 钢铁厂 iron and steel works 机床厂 machine tool plant 发电厂 power station 修理厂 repair shop 造船厂 shipyard 酒厂 distillery 铸造厂 foundry 制革厂 tannery,1. 词性体现词义 Take the cart back to the backyard and back it into the

5、 shed at the back of the stable. 把牛车拉回后院，再把它倒到牛棚后面的小屋去。 He had no stomach to follow us. 他不想跟我们走。 I cant stomach this job any longer. 这工作我再也受不了啦。,The shop assistant is ready to foot up the account. 售货员准备结算这项账目。 This quiet room became them perfectly. 这个安静的小房间对他们挺合适。,2.词的搭配体现词义 You cant build a ship, a

6、 bridge or a house if you dont know how to make a design or how to read it. 不会制图或看不懂图纸，就不可能造船、架桥 或盖房子。,The new publicity manager is really on the ball. 新的宣传部主任确实很内行。 He has the ball at his feet when informed of a face-to-face interview by the multinational corporation. 当那家跨国公司通知他面试时，他就有了被录用 的好机会。,3.

7、 词的使用场合体现词义 It has no counterpart in the world. 举世无双。 The U.S. Congress is the counterpart of the British Parliament. 美国的国会相当于英国的议会。,Pushing or pulling, however, does not necessarily mean doing work. 然而，推或拉为未必意味着作功。 The works of these watches are all home- produced and wear well. 这些表的机件均系国产，耐磨性好。,4.

8、名词的“数”体现词义 The accident did a lot of damage to the car. 这一事故把汽车损坏得很厉害。 The court awarded $5,000 in damages to the injured man. 法院判给伤者5000美元赔偿费。,She was carrying a book under her arm. 她腋下挟着一本书。 He rushed to her arms. 他投入她的怀抱。 Policemen on special duties may carry arms. 执行特种任务的警察可以携带武器。,Equivalence be

9、tween English and Chinese at word level,Word-for-word correspondence Marxism 马克思主义 Aspirin 阿司匹林 Laser 激光,One word with multiple equivalents of the same meaning wife：妻子、爱人、夫人、老婆、老伴、媳妇、 堂客、内人 potato：马铃薯、洋芋、土豆、山药蛋 human being, man, people, person. 人 dog, hound, spaniel, mastiff, pointer, setter, retrie

10、ver, terrier. 犬,One Word with Several Equivalents of Different Meanings Cousin 堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹、表哥、表弟、表姐、 表妹、 President 总统、总裁、主席、董事长、议长、会长、社 长、校长 Carry 搬、运、送、提、挑，担、抬、背，扛、搂、 抱、端、举、夹、捧,walk, saunter, amble, stride, trudge, shamble, prance, tiptoe 走 machine, engine, plane, aircraft.机 sheep, goat, ram, ewe,

11、lamb.羊,Words without equivalents teenager 13至19的青年 prey 被捕食的猎物 clock-watcher 老是看钟点等下班的人,Techniques of Translating a Given English Word 英语词语翻译技巧 Deduction演绎法 Boomera person born in the marked rise in birthrate (as in the US immediately following the end of World War II) 生育高峰期出生的人 Win-win beneficial t

12、o all in some way 双赢,Transplant 移植法 Bandwidth带宽 blue tooth 蓝牙 microwave微波 supermarket超级市场 Splashdown溅落 white-collar白领,Extension 引申法 bottleneck 瓶颈-交通峡口-阻塞 brain trust 脑托拉斯-智囊团 brain drain 脑排干-人才外流-人才流失 ecstasy (an illegal drug) 入迷-摇头丸 It is more than transient everydayness. 这远非一时的柴米油盐问题。,Substitution

13、 代替法 to kill sb. as an example 杀一儆百 (杀鸡给猴看) Please withhold the handout 请不要发这些材料。 He was indeed a good riddance.他还是不在的好。,Explanation释义法 togetherness 不分彼此的集体感 swan song绝唱，辞世之作，归天之作 a throwaway society 一个大手大脚、浪费成风的社会,Combination(合并法) so subtle and careful an observer 一位如此精细的观察者 his mendacity and dishonesty 他的狡诈 a grim and tragic Christmas 一个惨淡