非谓语动词课件——朱月-同济大学.ppt

1、非谓语动词,不定式 to +V,现在分词doing,过去分词V-ed,by Julie 朱月,1.非谓语动词作状语2. 非谓语动词作定语,非谓语动词作状语 1. 作状语的判断 2. 五大经典原则 3. 解题四大步骤 4. 连词之后加分词 5.独立主格结构,1. 作状语的判断 Examples: Q: Given one more chance, I would like to tell the girl, “I love you.” 条件状语 A: 周星驰,Q: To prove his saying “ genius is one percent inspiration and ninety

2、-nine percent perspiration,” he worked hard and he was successful at last. 目的状语 A: Edison,Q: Having been in love with her for many years, Zhang Jie is married with her. 原因状语 A:谢娜,Q: It happened on May 12th 2008, killing thousands of people. （an event） 伴随状语 A: the Earthquake in Sichuan.,1、不定式做状语，只表示目

3、的、结果或原因： Hehurriedhomeonlytofindhismoneystolen. （结果状语） Tomakehimselfheard,heraisedhisvoice. （目的状语） Allofusaresurprisedtoseehisrapidprogress. (原因状语) 不定式短语放在句首多作目的状语， 在句末多作原因状语，结果状语。,2.现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别 1). European football is played in 80 countries , _ it the most popular sport in the world . A. mak

4、ing B. makes C. make D. to make 2). He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left . A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中”的结果。不定式作结果状语时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果,D full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week.A. Not to make B. Not h

5、aving been made C. Making D. Not having made,没准备好,没准备好,我们,决定延期,主动,practice 分词作状语： 1). When _(heat), water will be changed into vapor. While _ (heat) water, we can change it into vapor. 2) _(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful. _ (see) from the hill, you will find the city beautiful. 3) Gene

6、rally speaking, when _(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. If _(take) the drug according to the directions, you will be better soon.,heated,heating,Seen,Seeing,taken,taking,2. 六大经典原则 原则一：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致 1. Standing on top of the tall building, we could see th

7、e whole city. (StandingWhen we stood) 2. While watching television, _. (2005年全国卷) A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell tings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings,1). - Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? - _ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.

8、 A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting 2). In order to make our city green, _. A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees,True or false 1) Being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 2) He being an

9、 orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 3) As he was an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly.,T,F,T,原则二：作目的状语，原则上用不定式 She got up very early to catch up the first bus. 3. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. (07江西卷) A. training B. being trained C. to have train

10、ed D. to be trained,原则三：作结果状语，可用-ing表结果在意料之中。用不定式作结果状语表结果在意料之外 He hurried to the station, only _ that the train had left. (05广东卷) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found He was busy writing a story, onlyonce in a while to smoke a cigarette. 08辽宁 A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. h

11、aving stopped 还少一个ing表结果在意料之中的例句,原则四：有被动意义时，原则上用过去分词（done） 如动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动（to be done) 如动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动（being done） When she came in, she was surprised to find a stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes _ upon her A. seating; fixingB. to seat; fixingC. having seated; fixedD. seated; f

12、ixed seat vt. I seated myself.,sitting,=I was seated,=I sat down,原则五：强调动作发生在主句位于动作之前，原则上用完成式（据情况可用不定时的完成式或-ing的完成式）,3.解题四大步骤 分析句子结构，辨别“谓语与非谓语” She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.,找逻辑主语 We sat on the high hillock, listening to t

13、he old story. Having been dumped by his gf, he dated with another girl. Looking from the hill, youll find the city looks like an ant. Admitting what you say, I still think you are wrong. 一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语,1. _ everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance. 2. Everything _

14、into consideration, they ought to have another chance. A. to take B. taking C. To be taken D. taken,B,D,分析语态 确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用上式主动还是被动关系。 1. “You cant catch me!” Jane shouted, _ away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ran 2. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by

15、 local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing,B,D,分析时态 1. _ many times, he still repeated the same mistakes. 2. _ to finish the work in two hours, the students are busy in working. 3. _ his students to finish the paper, the teacher walked out of the classroom. A. Having been told B.

16、To be told C. Having told D. Told,A,D,C,解题步骤 方法总结： 辨别“谓语与非谓语” 找逻辑主语 分析语态 分析时态,4. 连词之后加分词 分词短语常常可以用在某些连词如since, when, while, whenever, no matter how, once, until 等之后,看作是状语从句中的省略现象。 1). No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven will still attract people all over the world. A. performed B. per

17、forming C. to be performed D. being performing 2). When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared,A,注意点： 1. 不定式在表语形容词后作状语，用主动形式表被动意义。 This question is difficult _ (answer)

18、. Do you think him easy_ (work) with? We find this rule hard _ (remember). 2. 有些分词已经转变为独立成分， 含有“泛指”意义，在句中常作插入语。如：generally speaking, judging from, talking of, supposing that, considering, compared to., given., Given their inexperience, they have done a good job.,注意点： 独立主格结构：名词/代词分词 独立主格结构在句中作状语，相当于状

19、语从句。 1）. Weather permitting, well go outing tomorrow. 2）. There being no interesting programs, he turned off the TV set. 3）All things considered, the plan should be put off. 4）. He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.,独立主格结构。 As there was nobody， he had to go alone. There _ nobody, he

20、had to go alone. If time permits, I will go to see you. Time _ , I will go to see you. As the worked had been finished, he went to bed. The work _, he went to bed. 当存在不同主语时，可以用V-ing形式的独立主格结构。,being,permitting,finished,1). European football is played in 80 countries , _ it the most popular sport in t

21、he world . (NMET 1998) A. making B. makes C. make D. to make 2). He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left . (2005广东) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 3). _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. Given B. To give C. Gi

22、ving D. Having given 4). He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope,5). The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 6) When _, the museum will be open to the public next year.

23、 A. completed C. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 7) The key_，she went through her handbag carefully. A. hadnt been found B. having not been found C. not having been found D. wasnt found,C,8). - Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become

24、 an official. A. to have left B. to have C. to have been left D. to be left 9). Aids is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. (2006湖北) A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been ( = It is said that Aids have been the biggest h

25、ealth challenge to both men and women in),A,D,10). The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to produce in the cells inside human nose and throat. A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused 11). You must make every effort to find the person _ the car. A. who damaged B. damaging C.

26、 damaged D. that damaging,C,A,1. 不定式作主语 不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前 To see is to believe. Not to get there in time is your fault. It takes us an hour _ get there. Its our duty _ help the poor. It is an enjoyment to spend our holiday in the mountains.,句型1：it +谓语+ to do,句型2：its +n.+ to do,It is silly of you

27、not to take my advice. It is very kind of you to do me a favor. = you are very kind to do me a favor. It is necessary for us to learn English well. It is easy for me to finish this work before nine. it is +adj. +for sb. to do (形容事物的性质) it is +adj. +of sb. to do （形容人的品质）,句型3：it is adj. for/of sb. to

28、do,see watch do hear + sb./sth. + doing feel done notice I saw two boys fight with each other. Two boys were seen to fight with each other.,被动句还原to,感 官 动 词,do do have/make/let + sth./sb. doing done to do get/leave + sth./sb. doing done keep sb./sth doing done,使 役 动 词,sb. be + to do,seen watched look

29、ed at heard listened to felt noticed made/let,被动句还原to,A cook will be fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smokeB. smoking C. to smoke My mother makes me learn English every day. I am made to learn English every day. I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song.,高考真题演练 07北京

30、Excuse me sir, where is Room 301? Just a minute. Ill have Bob _you to your room. A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing 【11湖南卷】The ability an idea is as important as the idea itself A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed,【2011湖南卷,21】The ability an idea is as important as the ide

31、a itself A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed 07江苏My parents have always made me _ about myself, even when I was twelve. A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good,07浙江The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to h

32、ave heard C. hearing D. being heard 08上海If there is a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished.A. to doB. to be doing C. doneD. doing,高考真题演练,1. David threatened _ his neighbors to the police if the damages were not paid. (09 上海),A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D havin

33、g reported,2.If there is a lot of work_, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished.(08 上海),A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing,C,A,3. The last one _ pays the meal. - Agreed!(07全国) A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving,4. Energy drinks are not allowed _ in Australia but are brought

34、in from New Zealand.(06上海) to make B. to be made C. to have been made D. to be making,C,B,5. The problems _ at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve. A. discussed B. to discuss C. to be discussed D. discussing 6.07上海春_the safety of gas, the government has checked the citys gas supply system

35、thoroughly. A. To ensure B. Ensuring C. Having ensured. D. To have ensured,7. 07上海春All the staff in our company are considering_ to the city center for the fashion show. A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. having gone 8. 07上海There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. A.

36、 being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade,不定式专项练习 课后作业 1.You had better get a doctor _ your bad tooth. A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out 2. If there is a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. (上海卷) A. to do B. to be doing C. done D

37、. doing 3. 07安徽Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking,4.08江苏To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear Englishas much as we can. A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D.to speak 5. 07全国IThe last one _

38、 pays the meal. Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 6.07全国IIts a long time since I saw my sister. _ her this weekend? A. Why not visit B. why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why dont visit,7.09江苏Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as sh

39、ort-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, reduce unemployment pressures. A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped 8. 09重庆With the world changing fast, we have something new with all by ourselves every day. A. dealB. dealt C. todealD. dealing 9.09湖南Nowadays people

40、 sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it . A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused,2. 非谓语动词作定语,1. 现在分词作定语 1. 意义 现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰词；如果是短语，放在被修饰词后。 2. 结构 主动式：V-ing; 被动式：being done,3.用法 （1）前置定语 e.g. Dont wake up the sleeping boy. He is a promising young man. A rolling stone

41、 gathers no moss. （2）后置定语 e.g. The bird singing in the tree is very beautiful. （3）现在分词修饰somebody, nobody, anybody, everybody, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词后面。 e.g. The president said something encouraging in his speech. The driver is one of those dying.,4. 注意 （1）后置定

42、语相当于省略的定语从句： The girl (who was) sitting in the corner I adorable. The houses (which was) being built for the survivors in the quake. The girl who have passed the exam is my gf. The girl having passed the exam is my gf. 完成式不能作定语,07全国IIAt the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard out

43、side the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close 答案C 考点本题考查非谓语动词作定语。 解析过去分词作定语表完成、被动；不定式作定语表将来；现在分词作定语表示正在进行。本题题意：开始上课时, 在教室外面就能听到开关课桌的声音。由句意可知表示开关课桌的动作正在进行, 因此用现在分词作定语。,【11全国卷】The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house.

44、 A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen 09浙江There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain. A. indicateB. indicating C. to indicateD. to be indicating 10浙江The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and less than 40 pounds must be in a chi

45、ld safety seat. A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing,高考真题演练 1. Did you enjoy yourself at the party? Yes. Ive never been to one before. (06四川) A. a more excitedB. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting 2. The flowers _sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the be

46、auty of nature. (2004上海) A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt,3.08上海Ideally _ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favorite with many guests. A. locating B. being located C. having been located D. located 4.09上海Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for th

47、e Shanghai Expo during the vacation. A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold,课后作业 1. Would you please turn off the _ water? A. run B. was running C. ran D. running 2. He walked down the hills, _ softly to himself. A. singB. sings C. singingD. was singing 3. The old man, _ abroad for twenty year

48、s, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work B working C. To have worked D. having worked,4. 09江苏Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad. A. Attend B. To attend C. Attending D. Having a

49、ttended 5. 10北京Im calling to enquire about the position in yesterdays China Daily. A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised,过去分词：V+ed 1. 作定语 2. 作表语 3. 作状语,过去分词：V+ed 1.过去分词作定语 单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面; 过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。 spoken English = English which is spoken terrified p

50、eople = the people who are terrified 1.English is a widely used language. 2.He threw away the broken cup. 3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s. 4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.,及物动词的过去分词 表示结束了的被动动作或者没有一定的时间性,只表示被动关系。 polluted water = water whic

51、h is polluted reserved seats = the seats which were reserved trapped animal = the animal which was trapped,不及物动词的过去分词 不表被动，只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，含有动作完成，动作结束之含义。 boiled water = water which has boiled fallen leaves = the leaves which have fallen risen sun = the sun which has risen,09上海With the governments ai

52、d, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected 08浙江It is one of the funniest thingson the Internet so far this year. A. findingB. being found C. to find D. found 【11湖南卷】The players from the whole country are expected to bring us ho

53、nor in this summer game . A selecting B to select C selected D having selected,课后练习 1. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 2. With a lot of different problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

54、 A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled,3. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 4. When I got back, I saw a message _ to the door_ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. pin, read

55、B. pinning, reading C. pinned, reading D. pinned, read,2. 过去分词作表语 表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。 How did the audience receive the new play? They got very excited. How did Bob do in the e

56、xams this time? Well, his father seems pleased with his results. She was very disappointed to hear the result. Hes quite experienced in teaching beginners.,Cleaning women in big cities usually get _by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表

57、语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.,10上海 the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached 10湖南Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle,10安徽He had a wonderful childh