精品英语文档：指导老师.ppt

1、AI at IBM Research,AI at IBM Research,指導老師: 姜正雄 學生 : 陳彥安,背 景,50年以前，IBM就已經開始研究AI了 今日，IBM已在這領域擁有領導者的地位 結合科技的應用，去解決各種困難的問題,起 源,1950年代 Arthur Samuels就發現，電腦程式化的西洋棋，足夠打敗人腦 同時，Herbert Gelernter也發現，利用圖表資訊和幾何學公式解決一個複雜幾何問題,起 源,AI研究是在1970 1980年代，突飛猛進 過去常用 symbolic paradigm; 今日常用 statistics statistics : machine

2、 learning and natural language processing (NLP) 衍伸性研究statistical learning theory and Bayesian network,AI可以解決的問題,Computer algebra systems Robotics Conceptual graphs Knowledge representation (specifically K-REP) Expert systems Epistemic logics Nonmonotonic reasoning,IBM在AI領域專長,representation and reaso

3、ning, statistical AI vision, and game playing,Representation and reasoning,logic programming nonmonotonic reasoning Planning and scheduling intelligent agents.,courteous logic programs,courteous logic programs: let users specify the scope of potential conflicts by pairwise mutual exclusion. let them

4、 specify partially ordered priorities between rules, which can resolve conflicts between rules.,FANs,Formula-Augmented Networks :a knowledge structure that enables efficient reasoning about potentially conflicting business rules. extend semantic networks inheritance with exceptions by allowing the a

5、ttachment of logical formulas at network nodes providing methods to determine which formulas “apply” to a particular node,FANs,In conflict，determine which to save and which to discard. The decision involves information inherent in the networks topology,FANs works well for businessdomains,BenInq an e

6、xpert system for benefits inquiry in the medical insurance industry a system to dynamically configure banking and insurance products,Natural language,in Zurich, Nobel laureate Gerd Binning and Juerg Klenk lead MeanX project anaphora resolution word disambiguation object identification,MeanX,input ne

7、twork fractal networks Knowledge base Agents cognitive psychology Output network,Intelligent agents.,they focuses on : development of core technology to quick implementation of intelligent agents exploring foundational principles for such applications as auctions and scheduling.,intelligent agents i

8、n setting prices in a variety of situations such as auctions and negotiations. e-commerce supply-chain management scheduling problems.,Statistical AI,statistical AI : research that bring together the methodologies of AI and statistics to achieve higher levels of intelligent performance. speech and h

9、andwriting recognition, Natural language understanding knowledge discovery and data mining machine learning.,Speech and handwriting recognition,IBM first in 1970 using statistical modeling approaches Product : ViaVoice (12 different languages) Recent: conversational systems (combines our speech reco

10、gnition technology with NLP) personal style,Natural language processing.,Wide range in IBM TQA3 natural language database source-channel statistical machine translation paradigm grammar-free statistical parsing Mathematical investigations,conducting research on fully automatic machine translation al

11、gorithms exploring methods of assisting the manual translation process by source-side linguistic annotation developing the EasyEnglishAnalyzer tool for grammar checking and controlled language checking for use as a preediting step to make texts more machine translatable.,Machine learning,Challenge:

12、extracting knowledge from data statistics data management pattern recognition and Machine learning,IBMs KDD research,high-performance scalable data mining efficiently detecting patterns in large-scale databases Fast scalable decision-tree modeling supervised learning systems,Applications machine lea

13、rning,in the 80s included the YES/MVS expert system Businesses must manage many kinds of computer services (Web transactions, email) predictive detection, Intelligent tutoring systems students Closely: pattern-recognition techniques in computational biology solutions.,Game playing,Chess Backgammon Applications of game-playing prog