英汉汉英口笔译常识(句法对比).ppt

1、,英汉句法的对比,2,形合和意合 ( Hypotactic vs. Paratactic ),If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天到了，春天还会远吗？ If I had known it would come to this, I would have acted differently. 早知今日, 何必当初。,3,再来看几个汉译英的例子：,墙倒众人推。 When a man is going down-hill, everyone will give him a push. 物莫如新，友莫如故。 Everything is good w

2、hen new, but friends when old. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 While the prospects are bright, the road ahead has twists and turns.,4,他不老实, 我不能信任他。 Because he is not honest, I cant trust him. 人不犯我，我不犯人。 We will not attack unless we are attacked. 说是说了，没有结果。 Ive made proposals, but they proved futile.,5,静态与动态 ( Static

3、 vs. Dynamic ),I am afraid of your misunderstanding me. 我担心你会误解我。 Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。 I used to be a bit of a fancier myself. 过去我也常常有点胡思乱想。,6,再来看一个汉译英的例子：,他能吃能睡。 He is a good eater and a good sleeper.,7,物称与人称 ( Impersonal vs. Personal ),Wha

4、t has happened to you? 你出了什么事啦？ An idea suddenly struck me. 我突然想到了一个主意。 Not a sound reached our ears. 我们没有听到任何声音。 The thick carpet killed the sound of my heavy footsteps. 我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点声音也没有。,8,The big tree reminds me of my childhood. 每当我看见这棵大树，便会想起童年生活。 Business brought me to town yesterday. 昨天我因事去了市

5、里。（转译作汉语状语） The secret of air travel has escaped the genius of the worlds greatest scholars for 百thousands of years. 数千年来，世界上最伟大的天才学者也未能发现空中飞行的奥秘。（转译作汉语宾语）,9,被动与主动 ( Passive vs. Active ),1.英语被动句译为汉语被动句。 英语中大量使用被动语态，翻译成汉语时，原被动句中的谓语动词可根据需要转换成汉语的名词，与“受到”、“遭到”等受动词连用。 1）In the Old World, people are taugh

6、t to hide their ambitions. 在旧大陆，人们受的教育是要掩饰雄心。,10,2）He began to be moved by some spirit or other, probably that of curiosity. 他受到某种精神，大概是好奇心的感召。 3）Several buildings around the square were smashed or damaged. 广场附近的几幢建筑物都炸成了瓦砾，或是遭到了毁坏。,11,4）Two super go players from Japan were defeated one after anothe

7、r. 两位日本围棋高手接连受挫。 5） Because of its cost it is limited in practical use. 由于成本问题，它的实际使用受到限制。 6）Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by man. 地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是由人类引燃的。,12,2.英语被动句译为汉语主动句。,The glass is broken. 玻璃杯破了。 The house is surrounded by trees. 房子周围都是树。 Last night I was cover

8、ed up with two quilts. 昨晚我盖了两条被子。,13,This method is much better, but can still be improved. 这个办法好多了，但还可以改进。 Chinas first atomic reactor and cyclotron were built in 1958. 中国的第一个原子反应堆和回旋加速器建于1958年。,14,3.英语被动句译成汉语判断句。,The glass was broken by my brother. 玻璃杯是我弟弟打破的。 Movable printing was introduced into

9、Europe from China. 活字印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。 Credited with the invention of the telegraph is an American Samuel Morse. 发明电报的是一个美国人塞缪尔.莫尔斯。,15,4.英语被动句译成汉语无主句。,That problem neednt be brought in. 不必将那个问题牵涉进来。 Stress must be laid on the development of knowledge-based economy. 必须强调知识经济的发展。,16,5,有些英语被动语态同样不出现介词by引导

10、的动作发出者，在译为汉语主动语态时，可以根据情况适当增添一些泛指的主语，如“人们 ”、“有人”、“大家”、“我们”等。 The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored. 人们对这一问题迄今尚未进行过彻底探索。 It may be supposed that originally the earths land surface was composed of rock only. 我们可以假定，地球的陆地表面原先全是由岩石构成的。,17,从属与并列( subordinate vs. Coordinate ),The doorway lay at le

11、ast 12 umbrellas of all sizes and colors. 门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有12把，五颜六色，大小不一。 There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met. 我访问了一些地方，遇到了不少人。要谈起来，奇妙的事儿可多着呢。,18,In Africa I met a boy, who was crying bitterly as if his heart would break, and said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungry, because he had had no food for two days