3.正文段之论点.ppt

1、托福写作正文段,论点,Body,The body is the center of the essay. Each body paragraph contains one supporting point that develops the thesis. The body paragraphs are sometimes called developmental paragraphs. They contain specific examples, reasons, and details that support the thesis. Your essay for the indepen

2、dent writing task will probably contain three body paragraphs.,agree,支持段1 支持段2 支持段3,disagree,反对段1 反对段2 反对段3,however,支持/反对段 反对/支持段1 反对/支持段2,反对,保留,支持,Organize your article,Unity,各个正文段都要有明确的主题句扩展句结论句。,Concluding remarks,Supporting details,Topic sentence,Developing sentence,破题,破题点: 因果型 1) 这个因果关系推理中的原因是否

3、成立? 2) 假设这个原因成立, 从它能否推出结果?,2010.11. 13 To improve the quality of education, universities should spend more money on professors salaries.,Analysis,正：从而提高教学质量 反：有其他的方式提高教学质量如建立评估系统和合理安排教学大纲,提高薪资,?,高教育质量,提高教授薪资会导致的结果,正：促进教学、就业热情；提高科研经费 反：占用教学设备的资金,Brainstorming,Agree,Disagree,1.要提高教学质量，要有好的教学设备。 2.要提高教

4、学质量，要有好的评估系统。 3.要提高教学质量，要有好的课程安排。,1.高薪资能鼓励教授更加认真工作。 2.高薪资能吸引更多人才从事这项工作。 3.教授需要经费完成科研任务。,1,The high salary could encourage those professors to work harder and be more diligent.,2,A increasing number of talent people attracted by high salary would like to devote themselves to this career.,3,The profes

5、sors may have more money to conduct their scientific researches.,Outline:,Viewpoint: agree,1,Universities should spend more money buying more advanced teaching facilities.,2,Universities should establish evaluation system to assess professors and students.,3,Universities should adjust course schedul

6、es to meet the needs of students.,Outline:,Viewpoint: disagree,破题,破题点: 事实类 1) 能否从公认的原则或事实中推出相同或相反的判断? 2) 能否举出相关的事例?,2010 .9.11 Parents today are more involved in their childrens education than parents were in the past.,教育,制度,观念,The daily fulfilled institution system,The increasingly improved educati

7、onal system,The more and more open mind,过去和现在或未来的对比,Comparison,科技,The rapid development of science,Analysis,注意“等于”,Brainstorming,Agree,Disagree,1.过去生活艰辛更懂得知识的重要性。 2.家长没有过多压力从而能更好辅助孩子。 3.没有高科技的过去，人们普遍比较勤劳。,1.教育观念越来越强。 2.高科技帮助家长们逃离繁忙的工作中从而有时间顾及孩子的学习。 3.教育制度完善，学校要求与家长的互动增加。,1,With the increasing emphas

8、is put on education, parents care more about childrens study.,2,The high technology could assist parents to have more time to spend with children.,3,Parents are required to have more connection with school under the current educational system.,Outline:,Viewpoint: agree,1,The harshness of old life ma

9、y force people to realize the importance of a good diploma.,2,Under less working pressure, parents in the past have more energy to take care of their childrens study.,3,Without those high technology facilities, people in the old time are more diligent.,Outline:,Viewpoint: disagree,破题,建议型破题点: 1) 题目中的

10、建议可行性如何? 2) 如果实施题目中的建议, 是否会导致同初始目的相矛盾或其他荒谬的结果? 3) 有无替代或折中的方案?,2010.1.30 The government should support scientific research that does not have any practical use.,Analysis,从企业中寻求帮助,Advantage,Other solution,不能判断科研是否有实用，也许可以应用于以后,Support,Abandon,1.鼓励研究人员科研积极性 2.吸引更多人从事这个行业,1.避免浪费 2.将钱投资到别的行业,Brainstormin

11、g,Agree,Disagree,1.避免浪费。 2.可以将钱投资在别的行业。 3.可以让研究人员向企业寻求资金帮助。,1.鼓励研究人员有更高科研热情。 2.吸引更多人从事这个行业。 3.也许现在没用的科研对以后有用。,1,The researchers would be encouraged and contribute more to our society.,2,The high profit would attract more graduates to devote into this career.,3,Some researches regarded as useless tod

12、ay may express its function in the future.,Outline:,Viewpoint: agree,1,It is a waste of money to major at those useless area.,2,Government could distribute its fund into other more valuable realms.,3,The researchers could seek for financial help from some corporations rather than government.,Outline

13、:,Viewpoint: disagree,Template,Initially, the main reason lies in the fact that_,Moreover, it constitutes another reason for my opinion that_,Ultimately, to further clarify this, we would add that_,The 1st demonstrating paragraph,The 2nd demonstrating paragraph,The 3rd demonstrating paragraph,万能理由,S

14、afety,营养： 缓解压力： 身体素质： 身体伤害： 财产： 舒适： 体育锻炼：,Nutrition; nutritious Relieve/ release pressure Physical quality/ condition Hurt; injury; wound Property; wealth; belongings Healthy; fit; energetic; vigorous Exercise；sporting activity,The way you treat your body is the way your body treat you.,Instance- sa

15、fety,2010.5.8 The best way for parents to teach their children about responsibility is to have them care for animals.,Convenience,便利： 花费时间： 交通： 时间灵活： 休闲： 健身： 医疗：,Have easy access to; facilities Time consuming Transportation; overpass; zebra lines; metro; subway; traffic jam; rush hour Flexible Recre

16、ation; entertainment; amusement Fitness activity Medical service/ treatment/ care,Instance- convenience,2010.11.6 It is easier for parents to raise their children than 50 years ago.,Economic,节省的： 投资： 就业： 职业： 工资： 支出： 奢侈的：,Economical; frugal Fund; investment Employment Profession; career; vocation; oc

17、cupation Salary; wage; income; earning; revenue Expense; expenditure Luxurious; extravagant; sumptuous,Instance- economic,2010.1.15 In order to become financially responsible adults, children should manage their own money at the young age.,Communication,善于交际的： 相互交流： 网友： 集体活动： 风俗习惯：,Sociable Communic

18、ation interact Net-friend Group activity Custom habit,Instance- communication,2011.5.13 One of the ways that parents can help children be ready for adult life is to ask them to do a part-time job.,Happiness,感情： 激情： 兴趣： 快乐：,Emotion; feeling; sentiment; affection Passion; passionate Interest; hobby Jo

19、yful; cheerful; gay; pleasant; pleasure,Instance- happiness,2010.4.10 People should have hobbies and do physical activities that are very different from their own work.,Success,成功做某事： 实现： 赢： 成就感： 各种感（扩展）： 动力：,Manage to do something Realize ones dream/ life goal Win the fierce competition/ triumph Th

20、e sense of achievement Sense of honor/ guilt/ responsibility/ belonging/ regret/ loss/ humor Motivation,Instance- success,2010.3.6 Which is better, challenging plans about ones future or practical plans about ones future?,Environment,生态平衡： 沙漠化： 砍伐森林： 沙尘暴： 动植物的保护： 环境污染：,The balance of ecology/ nature

21、; harmonious between people and nature Desertification; the area covered by desert is expending rapidly Deforest Sand storm Safeguard of animals and plants Contaminate; pollution,Instance- environment,2011.6.10 Its more important for the government to build new housing than preserve old and historic

22、al building.,Character,品德： 有经验的： 新手： 能干： 聪明： 合作： 坚忍不拔： 上进的： 勤奋：,Virtue; merit; quality; characteristic; personality Experienced; skillful; weathered Green hand Be capable of doing; be able to do Intelligent; ingenious; sharp minded; brilliant Cooperate; team spirited Persistent; persevere Aggressive

23、; ambitious; enterprising Industrious,Instance- character,2010.1.22 People who go outside are more successful and happier than people who stay in villages.,V S,Science,科技发展： 卫星： 微波炉： 天气预报： 国防：,The development of science and technology Manmade satellite Microwave oven Weather forecast National defens

24、e,Instance- science,2010.10.9 Compared with people who live in urban areas, the people who live in rural areas can take better care of their families.,V S,Civilization,传承： 文明的传承 公益事业： 慈善事业： 志愿者： 人与自然的和谐： 发扬：,Inherit Pass down from one generation to another Public interest Charities; philanthropy Volunteer Harmonious relationship between people and nature Popularize,Instance- civilization,2011.6.10 Its more important for the government to build new housing than preserve old and historical building.,Developing sentence,背景陈述,定义