《医学术语》PPT课件.ppt

1、醫學術語,潘德樑 高雄榮總 97.06.08,內容大綱,學習目的 醫學術語的組合 常見縮寫 病歷範例 應用實例 簡易解剖圖解 結語,學習目的,醫學術語是醫護、醫療管理 相互間溝通專業語言 幫助學習者發展對醫療語言 的閱讀與了解能力 進一步應用於實務作業,醫學術語的組合,字根法(Word Root) 字尾法(Suffix) 字首法(Prefix) 多重組合(Multiple combination) 聯結母音(a,e,i,o,u),字根法(Root),Cardi/o = heart 心臟 Hepat/o = liver 肝臟 Pneum/o = lung 肺臟 Nephr/o = kidney

2、腎臟 Ren/o = kidney 腎臟 Arthr/o = joint 關節 Cerebr/o = cerebrum 腦,字根法(Root),Gastr/o = stomach 胃 Enter/o = intestine 腸 Derm/a = skin 皮膚 Psych/o = mental 精神 Hemat/o = blood 血液 Oste/o = bone 骨頭 Pancreat/o = pancreose 胰臟 Splen/o = spleen 脾臟,字尾法(Suffix),Endoscopy = endo + scopy in + examination 內部 + 鏡檢(法、術)

3、Gastritis = gastr + itis stomach + inflammation 胃 + 發炎 Nephrotomy= nephro + tomy kidney + incision 腎 + 切開,字尾法(Suffix),Splenomegaly = spleen + megaly spleen + enlargement 脾臟 + 腫大 Arthrodesis = arthro + desis joint + fixation 關節 + 固定 Rhinoplasty = rhino + plasty nose + plastic 鼻 + 整形術,字尾法(Suffix),Cyst

4、ocele = cyst + cele bladder + hernia, protrusion 膀胱 + 突出 Adenoma = aden + oma gland + tumor 腺體 + 腫瘤 Leukemia = leuk + emia white + blood 白血病,字尾法(Suffix),Dysentery = dys + entery pain + intestine 疼痛 + 腸道(痢疾) Tonsillectomy = tonsil + ectomy tonsil + excision 扁桃腺 + 切除 Pyuria = py + uria pus + urine 膿 +

5、 小便,字首法(Prefix),Antipyretic = anti + pyretic gainst + fever 對抗 + 發燒 Antepartum = ante + partum before + labor 在之前 + 生產 Polyarteritis = poly + arteritis many + arteritis 多處 + 動脈炎,字首法(Prefix),Hemiplegia = hemi + plegia half + paralysis 一半 + 麻痺 Hypertension = hyper + tension above + pressure 高 + 壓力(血壓)

6、 Bradycardia = brady + cardia slow + heart 心跳過慢,字首法(Prefix),Tackycardia = tacky + cardia rapid + heart 快的 + 心臟 Polyneuralgia = poly + neuralgia multiple + never pain 多的 + 神經痛 Subcutaneous = sub + cutaneous under + skin 皮下,字首法(Prefix),Dysphasia = dys + phasia impairment + speech 障礙 + 言語 Dysuria = dys

7、 + uria painful + urine 疼痛 + 小便,多重組合(Multiple combination),electro cardi o gram 字根 字根 字尾 電 心 圖 salpingo-oophor ectomy 字根 字根 字尾 輸卵管 卵巢 切除,多重組合(Multiple combination),gastro entero stomy 字根 字根 字尾 胃 腸 造口 Esophago gastro duodenoscopy 字根 字根 字根 字尾 食道 胃 十二指腸 鏡檢,聯結母音(Combining vowel),Nephropathy Cardiomegaly

8、 Osteotomy,聯結母音(Combining vowel),Gastrectomy Cystitis 字尾的開頭即為母音 Hepatoma 故不需另加其他母音,字尾及其組合元素實例,cele: hernia, tumor, protrusion cystocele: hernia of the bladder gastrocele: hernia of the stomach Hydrocele: serous tumor of the testis,字尾及其組合元素實例,emia: blood hyperglycemia: abnormally high blood sugar iti

9、s: inflammation gastritis: inflammation of the stomach nephritis: inflammation of the kidney,字尾及其組合元素實例,malacia: softening osteomalacia: softening of the bone splenomalacia: softening of the spleen pathy: disease neuropathy: any disease of nerve myopahty: any disease of muscle,字字尾及其組合元素實例尾及其組合元素實例,c

10、entesis: puncture thoracentesis: puncture and aspiration of the pleural cavity,字尾及其組合元素實例,ectomy: excision, remove tonsillectomy: removal of tonsils oophorectomy: removal of ovary plasty:surgical correction, plasty repair of hernioplasty: plasty repair of hernia proctoplasty: surgical repair of rect

11、um,字尾及其組合元素實例,scopy: inspection, examination bronchoscopy: examination of the bronchi with an endoscope cystoscopy: examination of the bladder with an endoscope,字尾及其組合元素實例,stomy: creation of an opening colostomy: creation of an opening into the colon through the abdominal wall gastroduodenostomy: cr

12、eation of an opening between stomach and duodenum,字尾及其組合元素實例,osis:increase, condition arteriosclerosis: hardening of the arteries lymphocytosis: increase in number of lymph cells,字尾及其組合元素實例,penia: deficiency, decrease leukopenia: decrease of leukocytes in the blood angio: blood vessel angiotomy: dis

13、section of blood vessel,字根及其組合元素實例,crani: skull craniotomy: surgical opening of skull cyt:cell erythrocyte: red blood cell,字根及其組合元素實例,derm:skin dermatitis:inflammation of skin enter: intestine enteritis: inflammation of the intestine,字根及其組合元素實例,hematemesis: vomiting of blood hematoma: a blood tumor

14、hyster: uterus hysterectomy: excision of the uturus,字首及其組合元素實例,ante: before antenatal: before birth epi: upon epidermis: outer layer of the skin hemi: half hemiplegia: paralysis of one-half the body,字首及其組合元素實例,hyper: above, beyond, excessive hypertension: high blood pressure endo: within endocarditi

15、s: inflammation of the endocardium peri: around pericarditis: inflammation of the pericardium,英文診斷疾病全名英文縮寫中文全名 Adenocarcinoma Adenoca 腺癌 Atrial fibrillation Af 心房纖維顫動 Alpha-fetoprotein AFP -胎兒蛋白 Acute glomerulonephritis AGN 急性腎絲球腎炎 Acquired immune AIDS 後天免疫缺乏症候群 deficiency syndrome,常 見 縮 寫,英文診斷疾病全名

16、英文縮寫中文全名 AppendicitisAPP 闌尾炎 Abdomino-perineal resectionAPR 腹會陰切除 Adult respiratory distress ARDS 成人呼吸窘症候群 syndrome Acute renal failure ARF 急性腎衰竭 Atrial septal defectASD 心房中膈缺損 Atherosclerotic heart disease ASHD 粥樣硬化性心臟病,常 見 縮 寫,英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 中文全名 Abdominal total hysterectomy ATH 腹式全子宮切除 Aortic valv

17、e replacement AVR 主動脈瓣置換術 Arterio-venous shunt A-V shunt 動靜脈分流術 Acute pyelonephritis APN 急性腎盂腎炎 Background diabetic BDR 背景性糖尿病視網膜病變 retinopahty,常 見 縮 寫,英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫中文全名 Twice a day (bis in die) b.i.d. 一天二次 BilateralBIL 雙側 Basal metabolic rateBMR 基礎代謝率 Blood pressureBP 血壓 Benign prostatic BPH 良性前列腺肥

18、大 hyperplasia,常 見 縮 寫,英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫中文全名 Bilateral pelvic lymphBPLND 雙側骨盆腔淋巴結摘除 nodes dissectiotn Benign paroxysssmal BPPV 良性陣發生位置性眩暈 position vertigo Bilateral saplingo- BSO 雙側卵巢輸卵管切除 oophorectomy Bibiary tract infectionBTI 膽道感染,常 見 縮 寫,英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫中文全名 Blood urea nitrogenBUN 血中尿素氮 Biopsybx 切片 Carc

19、inoma CA 癌症 Continuous ambulatory CAPD 連續性攜帶式腹膜透析 peritoneal dialysis Computed(axial) tomography CAT scan 電腦斷層攝影,常 見 縮 寫,英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫中文全名 Common bile duct CBD 總膽管 Congenital heart disease CHD 先天性心臟病 Congestive heart failure CHF 充血性心臟衰竭 Carcinoma in situ CIS 原位癌 Chronic obstructive pulmonary COPD 慢性

20、阻塞性肺疾 disease Chronic paranasal sinusitis CPS 慢性副鼻竇炎,常 見 縮 寫,英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫中文全名 Cesarean section C/S 剖腹產 Chest x-ray CXR 胸部X光 Cerebrovascular accident CVA 腦血管意外 Diabetes mellitus DM 糖尿病 Ear, nose, and throat ENT 耳鼻喉 End stage renal disease ESRD 末期腎疾病,常 見 縮 寫,英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫中文全名 Hepatocellular carcinoma

21、HCC 肝細胞癌 Intensive care unit ICU 加護中心 Insulin dependent diabetesIDDM 胰島素依賴型糖尿病 mellitus Magnetic resonance imaging MRI 核磁共振攝影 Nothing by mouth NPO 禁食 (nulla per os),常 見 縮 寫,英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫中文全名 Red blood cell (corpuscle) RBC 紅血球 red blood count Systemic lupus erythematosus SLE 系統性紅斑性狼瘡 Shortness of bre

22、athSOB 呼吸短促 Tuberculosis TB 結核病 Total hip replacementTHR 全髖關節置換術,常 見 縮 寫,英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫中文全名 Total knee replacement TKR 全膝關節置換術 Upper respiratory tract URI 上呼吸道感染 infection Urinary tract infection UTI 沁尿道感染 Ventricular septal defect VSD 心室中膈缺損 White blood cell; WBC 白血球 white blood count,常 見 縮 寫,病歷範例,T

23、his 46-years-old woman was a victim of invasive ductal carcinoma of left breast with bone metastasis, she had received surgery and radiotherapy due to axillary lymph node and bone (L-spine) metastasis. This time she was admitted for set up port A placement and chemotherapy,This patient was admitted

24、because of sudden onset of vomiting of bright red blood due to acute gastric ulcer. His hemoglobin was 7.8gm/dl, which revealed anemia due to blood loss. Areterigraphy was performed to determine the site of the bleeding, and hemostasis was achieved by transcatheter embolization,病歷範例,The patient comp

25、lained of chest pain and dyspnea off and on for 3 months.The diagnosis were congestive heart failure and unstable angina,the angina was treated with nitrate, and IV Lasix was administered to manage the heart failure.Both conditions improved, and the patient was discharged to be followed on an out-pa

26、tient basis.,病歷範例,This patient had received a below knee amputation six years ago for gangrene of his leg due to both diabetes and arteriosclerosis. The patient had received an above-knee amputation of the stump because of further gangrene change at this admission.,病歷範例,應用實例 （以Chronic renal failure

27、為例）,Essential of Diagnosis 1.,1.Progressive azotemia over weeks or months 2.Isosthenuria is common 3.Hypertention in the majority 4.Bilateral small kidneys on ultrasound are dianostic 5.Radiologic evidence of renal osteodystrophy confirms the diagnosis,General Considerations,The symptoms of chronic

28、renal failure(CRF) depend on the severity and rapidity of the underlying renal disorder. When CRF develop slowly,most individuals remain asymptomatic until the renal failure is far-advanced (GFR 10-15mL/min) .,Complication of chronic renal failuretheir management Hyperkalemia Acid-base disorder C. C

29、ardiovascular complication 1 .Hypertention 2.Pericarditis 3 .Congestive heart failure D.Hematologic complication 1. Anemia 2.Coagulopathy,E. Neurologic complication F. Disorder of mineral metabolism: Renal osteodystrophy G. Metabolic and endocrine disturbances H. Gastrointestinal tract complication,

30、Treatment of Chronic renal failure A. Diatery management 1. Protein restriction 2. Salt and water restriction 3. Potassium restriction 4. Phosphorus restriction 5. Magnesium restriction B. Dialysis 1.Hemodialysis 2.Peritoneal dialysis C. Kidney transplantation,一個病人實例,主訴:Dry cough off and on for about 1.5month 病史：This 51years old woman is an administractive officer at our hospital. She is a non-smoker,she underwent a regular health examination in Aug last year,一個病人實例,.Chest x-ray revealed a small opacity at RLL,