初中简单句和时态

1、专题二 英语简单句的五种基本句型班级_ 姓名_英语简单句的五种基本句型。这五个基本句型如下：1 S十V十P 主语+系动词+表语 2 S十V 主语+不及物动词 3 S十V十O 主语+及物动词+宾语4 S十V十O1十O2 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5 S十V十O十C 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语1.主语+系动词+表语（ S+V+P ）表语说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。常见系动词如下:1).表状态： be, seem, appear； 2.)表感官 look, smell, taste, feel, sound；3).表延续： remain, stay, keep；4).表变化： b

2、ecome, get, turn, go, run, fall, grow；例句：They are good friends. （名词） over there. （地点副词） in the classroom. （介词短语） happy. （形容词）My hobby is collecting stamps. （动名词）My job is to clean the table. （不定式）The boss seems happy. （形容词) (表状态）The cake tastes delicious. （形容词) (表感觉）The water stays still. （形容词) (表延续

3、）The potatoes went bad. （形容词) (表变化）2.主语+谓语 ( S + Vi. ) 谓语为不及物动词 例句：Time flies.We eat and drink.They talked for half an hour. He is playing.The moon will rise.They have gone.3.主语+谓语+宾语（S+Vt+O）宾语(即动作的承受者)成分的多样化：名词，代词，不定式，动名词，宾从等。1）. I like English very much. （名词）2）. I saw him in the street. （代词）3）. Sh

4、e likes swimming. （动名词）4）. The girl wanted to go home . （不定式）5）. They have decided where to go . （疑问式不定式）6.） I dont know if he can come tomorrow. （宾从）4.主谓间宾（人）直宾（物） (+t+I+D）如果先说直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），要借助于介词to或for。He passed me the dictionary?=He passed the dictionary to me.She bought me a beautiful dress

5、. = She bought a beautiful dress for me.此类常见动词：buy, cook, get, make, sing等5.主谓宾宾补 (+t +)宾语与宾语补足语（复合宾语）之间有逻辑上的主谓或主表关系。若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。1）. They made Tom monitor. (名词) 2). The sun keeps us warm. (形容词) 3.) He had his radio on. (副词) 4). I found him at home. (介词短语)5). I heard him singing. (现在分词) 6). You m

6、ust get your hair cut. (过去分词) 7）. We saw him jump into the box. (动词原形) 8）. I want you to tell me the truth. (动词不定式) 常用的带复合宾语的动词（使役/感官）： think, consider, feel, find, have, see, hear, notice, make, get, leave, ask, keep.练习一：判断下列简单句是属于哪种句型。1. Plants need water.2. The flower is so fresh.3. They work har

7、d.4. He gives me some seeds.5. We should keep the plants in the shade.6. He got angry. 7. He got up. 8. You will get a surprise. 9. He got his shoes wet. 10. He got her a present练习二:翻译 1.太阳从东方升起来了。_ 2.她喜欢看书。_3.他的脸红了。_4.我给他看我的照片。_5.他们把门漆成绿色。_专题三 动词的时态一、一般现在时1.用法：A.现在经常性的动作或状态 B.客观事实和真理。2.标志词:always,

8、usually, often, sometimes, never every day /week /month/year/3 结构：主语+am/ is /are + 其他. She is at work.主语+动词原形/ 动词的第三人称单数 + 其他 I go to school by bike./He sings well.4 动词的第三人称单数变化规律： 在动词后加s readreads writewrites 以s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾的动词加es teachteaches washwashes 以辅音字母+ y 结尾的动词，变y 为i , 再加es trytries car

9、rycarries have-has do- does go- goes 小试牛刀：1. Do you like the material?- Yes, it _ very soft.A. feel B. feels C. feeles D. is feeling2. My father _ his bike to work every day instead of driving. A. ride B. rides C. rode D. will ride二、一般过去时1.用法：过去的动作或状态。2.时间状语：yesterday, the day before yesterday, thre

10、e days ago, last night/week/month,in the past；just now=a moment ago3主语+was/were + 其他. She was at work.主语+动词过去式 + 其他. I went to school by bike. / He sang well.动词过去式的规则变化规则 一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的 重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed， 如：stop-stopped以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，

11、变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied常用的不规则动词过去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, give-gave, get-got, come-came,have-had, run-ran, sing-sang, write-wrote, draw-drew,drink-drank, ride-rode, fly-flew, speak-spoke, eat-ate, take-took, see-saw,say-said, go-went, make-made, read-read, put-put课堂演练：1. My fatherill yeste

12、rdayA isnt B arent C wasnt D werent2. The twinsin Dalian last year Theyhere nowA are; were B were; are C was; are D were; was3.I cleaned my classroom _.A. with three hours B. three hours ago C. in three hours D. three hours before4. Tom _ a letter to his parents last night.A. write B. writes C. writ

13、ed D. wrote三、现在进行时1.用法：A.现刻动作：目前正在发生的动作。B.现阶段动作：目前一个时期一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。2.标志词：now, Look! Listen!3结构:主语+is/am/are + 动词ing+其他课堂演练1）. Look! What _ the children_ over there?A.are;do B.are;doing C.is;do D.is doing2.）Those workers_ _here these months.A.are workB.are workedC.workD.are working3）.Listen! The

14、 phone _. Please go to answer it.A.rings B.rang C.will ring D.is ringing四、过去进行时1.用法：过去某时正在进行的动作。2.时间状语：at that time,this time yesterday,then,when3结构：主语+was/were +动词ing+其他课堂演练：用所给动词的适当形式填空：1 He _ (do) homework at 9:00 last night.2 I _ (clean) the room when my mother _ (come) in yesterday .3 The twins

15、 _ (swim) at this time last year 五、一般将来时1.用法：将来的动作或状态。2.结构：主语+will /shall/ be going to+ 动词原形 3.时间状语：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,in three days,in (the) future,next 你week/month/term, from now on4.shall/will/be going to之间的区别： shall往往用于第一人称疑问句, will可用于任何人称。will常用于表邀请或命令时以及带有意愿色彩。计划决定要做某事，一般用be going

16、 to do 结构课堂演练：1）.There _ _ two meetings tomorrow afternoon. A.are going to be B.are going to haveC.is going to be D.will have2）.The twins _to the cinema with their parents tonight.A. will go B. would goC. are goD. went3）.-When_ _we have the meeting? -At 8. A. areB. shallC. wouldD. will 4）.When _ you

17、 _for London? -Next week. A. will;leavingB. are;leaving C. shall;leaveD. have;left六、现在完成时1用法：A过去的动作对现在的影响。I have finished my homework. B过去的动作持续到现在。I have stayed here for an hour2.标志词： already, just, yet, ever, never, so far(till now/up to now), recently, in the past 3 years,before, since+时间点,for+时间段

18、 3 结构 主语+have/has +动词的过去分词4现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点：共同点：动作都在过去。不同点：和现在有无关系。(与现在有关的过去动作用现在完成，与现在无关的过去动作用一般过去。) 5.易错点：have gone to+地点,表示“去了某地”。（人已走，尚未回。只用于第三人称。）例句：They have gone to Europe.(They are not here.)have been to+地点,表示“去过某地”。（人已回）例句：I have been to Europe.(I am not in Europe now.)have been in+地点+时间段,表示

19、“在/来某地多久”。例句：I have been in Europe for three weeks.(I am now still in Europe .)6.瞬间动词和延续性动词 若句中出现时间段，则必须使用延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下：begin/startbe ongo therebe thereleavebe awayget homebe homediebe deadopenbe openborrow keepclosebe closedget to knowknowbuyhavecome herebe herejoinbe in / be a member of课堂

20、演练1. The film began 5 minutes ago. The film _ _ _ _ for 5 minutes.2. They left an hour ago. They _ _ _for an hour.3. The man died a week ago. The man _ _ _ _ for a week.时态综合练习1. Sorry, I_to help you at ten. I was busy at the moment. A. wont come B. cant come C. didnt come D. shouldnt come2. He _this

21、 pen for five years. He_ _it in 1997. A .has bought, bought. B.bought, bought C .has kept, has bought D.has had, bought3 .She_ _the flowers in the garden when I_to see her yesterday. A. watered，went B.was watering， went C. watered，was going D.was watering，was going4. I don t know if my friend _. If

22、he _,Ill let you know. A . comes,comes B. comes, will come C. will come,comes D. will come,will come5 .John said he_ supper. He was quite full. A. had had B.was having C.had D.has eaten6. There_two parties next week. A.are going to be B.are going to have C.is going to be D.will have7. It_10 years si

23、nce I_here. A.is,come B.is,have come C.was,came D.is,came8.-Kate likes eating chocolate. -_. Look, she is eating. A .So Lucy doesB. So does Lucy C. So they do D. So do they9. Kate _to bed until her mother _back. A. wont go,come B. hadnt gone, came C. went,came D. didnt go,came10. His brother _from h

24、ome for a long time. A .has left B. has been away C.left D.will leave 11.-Lucy, _you_your ticket? -Not yet. A. did;find B.have;found C.has;foundD.do;find12.-_to the United States? -No,never,but I went to Canada a few years ago.A. Have you beenB. Have you gone C .Did you go D.Have you went13.The man who lived on the island thought he_ never_. A.will;foun