备战3013新课标高考 甘肃高考研讨会英语资料2 重视词汇教学,提升应试能力ppt课件.ppt

1、一、词汇教学的重要性,“Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.” David Wilkins “If you spend most of your time studying grammar, your English will not improve very much. You will see most improvement if you learn more words and expressions. You can say very littl

2、e with grammar, but you can say almost anything with words!” Dellar H and Hocking D “and teachers have not fully recognized the tremendous communicative advantage in developing an extensive vocabulary.”,二、词汇教学的层次性,（一）Paul Nation认为词汇包括四种类型 1. High frequency words (about 2000 words) （高频词汇） 2. Academic

3、 words （通用术语） 3. Technical words （专业术语） 4. Low frequency words （低频词汇）,二、词汇教学的层次性,（二）词汇教学可分为三个层次 张献臣，2007认为词汇是分层次的，“教材中的词汇通常可以分为三个层次：第一层是课标中规定要掌握的词汇，属于核心词，要求学生掌握并灵活运用；第二层是话题拓展词汇，属于认读词汇，大部分不需要学生掌握，只要求听懂、会读；第三层是行文需要出现的词汇，学生只要理解即可，并不需要掌握。”,二、词汇教学的层次性,（三）王蔷等这样定义词汇（2010） “In teaching and learning vocabula

4、ry, it is necessary for both teachers and learners to be aware of a distinction between receptive/passive and productive/active vocabulary. Receptive/passive vocabulary refers to words that one is able to recognize and comprehend in reading or listening but unable to use automatically in speaking or

5、 writing. Those words that one is not only able to recognize but also able to use in speech and writing are considered as ones productive/active vocabulary.”,三、词汇教学的方法,（一）词汇教学的内容除了发音、拼写和词义，还应了解词汇的下列知识： 1. 语法和句法特征； 2. 与其他词汇形成的关系网； 3. 词形变化及派生形式； 4. 不同功能及在不同语境中的意义； 5. 搭配； 6. 联想关系和语用特征； 7. 有一个词义还是多个词义。,

6、三、词汇教学的方法,（二）词汇教学的选择 高中英语阅读课中的词汇教学容易走两个极端：要么过分讲练， 肢解文本；要么只训练阅读策略，忽视词汇教学，使学生丧失在 生动的语境中习得词汇的机会。如何合理地教授词汇是阅读教学 中一个非常值得探讨的问题。以人教版NSEFC必修5 Unit 4 Making the news中Reading部分： MY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT “Unforgettable”, says new journalist为例。本篇 阅读中前后出现的生词约有50个，词汇教学有所选择是必然的。 教师们普遍把新闻采编职业的5个名词、与记者职业相关的一些 形容词和7个

7、习语作为本节课要重点教的词汇，这种处理是比较 到位的，符合语言教学规律。7个习语虽不属于课标词汇，但对 理解文本内容至关重要。,三、词汇教学的方法,（三）词汇教学的方法 有些教师习惯于在阅读教学前将课文涉及的所有 生词甚至整个单元的生词及其用法全部灌输给学 生，学生课上忙于记笔记，课后忙于背笔记。词 汇教学脱离语境，学生学得苦，忘得快，效率 低。 创设语境，呈现词汇 宋老师在新课导入中，根据文本内容，利用图文 创设情景呈现新闻采编职业的5个名词。,三、词汇教学的方法,三、词汇教学的方法, 设计对话，操练词汇 田老师为操练5个新闻采编职业的名词设计了一 个对话练习，让学生互问互答。 S1：In

8、your opinion, what specific job will the reporter do? S2: The reporter will go out on a story. 英语释义，突破难关 英语释义包含两方面：一是用不同的词表达与原有表达 内容相同的意义，二是用来重新表达的词要做到简单易 懂（陈建军，2009）。用英语解释英语，直截了当， 化难为易。当学生在细读文本时，需要理解7个英语习 语，这7个习语是本节课的教学难点之一。,三、词汇教学的方法,在本节课读中活动中，武老师结合上下文用英语 释义突破难点，效果较好。如：cover a story to report on a

9、n important event；have a good “nose” for a story be able to tell whether it is a true story；a trick of trade clever ways known to the experts； get the fact straight to present ideas fairly；get the wrong end of the stick not to understand properly；how the story goes this is the story；a real scoop a p

10、iece of hot news。,三、词汇教学的方法, 词语配对， 巩固词汇。 谢老师采用配 对练习对文本 中出现的习语 进行了强化练 习，检测了学 生对所学习语 的理解并进行 了巩固。,三、词汇教学的方法, 构建语篇，运用词汇 A.为了帮助学生回顾通过阅读掌握的信息并检测学生对学所词汇的掌握和运用程度，田老师设计了一项短文填空练习。 To the _ (reporters/journalists), its no need for them to take a camera because they have _ (professional photographers) with them

11、. The reporters should be _(curious) and they must have a “_” (nose) for a story. They know how to acquire the information they need. They will listen to the detailed facts and ask new questions. This is a trick of the _ (trade), that is, with the permission of the interviewee, they would use record

12、ers which could keep the evidence to help support their story which can be a real “_” (scoop). （参考答案：reporters/journalists, professional photographers, curious, nose, trade, scoop）,三、词汇教学的方法,B. 人教Book 1 Unit 3 Travel Journal为例： Wang Kun and Wang Wei have _ (dreamed of/about) taking a great bike trip

13、. When they _ (graduated from) college, they decided to _ (cycle along) the Mekong River with their cousins. When Wang Kun told Wang Wei the difficulties they would (go through) _ during the journey, she gave Wang Kun a _(determined look) - the kind that said she would not _ (change her mind). Wang

14、Wei was so stubborn, that when she _ (made up her mind) to do something, nothing could change it. So, though Wang Kun had different ideas about the trip, he had to_ (give in).,四、高三词汇复习课建议,“Teaching Senior Three students is not just about telling the students the usage of the key words often tested o

15、n tests according to the dictionary entries. It is not just about telling grammar rules and then flooding them with endless exercises. It is not just about preparing them for the College Entrance Examination. It is about motivating them to use words properly in meaningful language situations by prov

16、iding them with opportunities. It is about helping students promote their comprehensive language competence. ”,四、高三词汇复习课建议,案例一 （二次开发教材，在语境中学词汇） Unit 5 CanadaThe True North 练习一 用continent, distant, border, wealth, north, impress, surround填空 Canada is a North American country. Located in the northern

17、part of the (continent), it stretches across a long (distance) from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and (northward) into the Arctic Ocean. It is (surrounded) by oceans on three sides except on the south where it (borders) the United States. In size, Canada is the seco

18、nd largest country on earth. In terms of economic power, it is one of the (wealthiest) countries. Most people do not know very much about Canada. Mention the country and usually one of two (impressions) will come to mind: Either a sparsely populated, frozen country where people live in igloos, eat f

19、ish, hunt bears, or another America.,四、高三词汇复习课建议,练习二 完形填空 When you visit Montreal, you will find many people speak both English and French. But the city is heavily _1_ by French culture and _2_. People there love good coffee, good bread and good wine like the French. Canadians love _3_ trees very mu

20、ch. That is why you find a maple leaf on their national flag. Red, golden and orange maple trees are a good sign to _4_ autumn has arrived in Canada. 1. A. affected B. influenced C. managed D. governed 2. A. traditions B. history C. economy D. geography 3. A. pine B. palm C. maple D. apple 4. A. con

21、firm B. suggest C. show D. indicate,四、高三词汇复习课建议,练习三 选词填空 Canadas population is very _ (large, small). The current population is _ (a little, slightly) more than 30 million-about the same as two Beijing cities! About 90 per cent of the population live _ (beyond, within) a few hundred kilometers of th

22、e Canadian-American border, in an climate that is much _(more extreme, less extreme). Canadas _(view, scenery) of mountains, oceans, forests and prairies is breath-taking. In some of its oldest forests some trees grows so tall that they _(are measured, measure) over 90 meters.,四、高三词汇复习课建议,练习四 完形填空 I

23、mmigration to Canada is (1) by economic policy and family reunification. In 2001, (2) 250,640 people immigrated to Canada. The newcomers (3) mostly in the major (4) areas of Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal. By the 1990s and 2000s, the largest part of Canadas immigrants came from Asia. Canadian socie

24、ty is often described as being very progressive, diverse, and (5). 1. A. controlled B. surrounded C. impressed D. driven 2. A. around B. approximately C. about D. nearby 3. A. stay B. live C. settle D. remain 4. A. urban B. rural C. downtown D. historical 5. A. cross-cultural B. multi-cultural,四、高三词

25、汇复习课建议,练习五 改错 You are going to see some great sceneries（scenery）. Going eastward, and （去掉and）you will pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea （加that）you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact tha

26、t Canada is 5,500 kilometers from coast to coast. People say Vancouver is Canadas the（去掉the） most beautiful city, surrounding（改为surrounded）by mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Skiing in the Rocky Mountains and sailing in the harbor makes（改为make） Vancouver one of Canadas most popular cities to live in

27、. Its population is improving（改为 increasing）rapidly. The coast to（去掉to）north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world. It is very（改为so）wet there that the trees extremely tall, some measure（改为measuring）over 90 meters.,四、高三词汇复习课建议,案例二 （以听写为手段，巩固练习词汇） 1、听写单词 对教学中的一些重要

28、单词进行听写是很有必要的。积极单词的记忆需要强 化，也需要精确。词语的听写可以做到这一点，长期坚持，可以使学生养成 良好的词语记忆习惯，掌握词语记忆的方法。常见的听写词的方法： 教师读英语词，学生写英语词语，并写出该词语一个常用的汉语意思，写出 词类。以人教英语必修中的Unit 1为例，本单元共有62个词语条目，其中 重词语有大约30个。教师用这种方法可以听力这30个词语。如：upset（心 烦意乱的，adj.），ignore（不理睬，v.），calm（平静下来，v.）， concern（担忧，v. /n.），loose（松的，adj.），Netherlands（荷兰， n.），German（

29、德国，n.），series（系列，n.），outdoors （在户外，adv.），dusk（黄昏，n.），thunder（打雷，v.），entire（整 个的，adj.），power（能力，n.），curtain（窗帘，n.），dusty（积满灰尘 的，adj.），partner（伙伴，n.），settle（安家，v.），highway（公路， n.），recover（恢复，v.），pack（捆扎，v.），suitcase（手提箱，n.）， overcoat（大衣，n.），teenager（十几岁的青少年，n.），exactly（确实 如此，adv.），disagree（不同意，v.），gra

30、teful（感激的，adj.），dislike （不喜欢，v.），tip（提示，n.），swap（交换，v.），item（项目，n.）,四、高三词汇复习课建议,2、听写短语 本课共有18个短语，教师可以听写这些短语，并让学生写出汉语意思。如： add up（合计），calmdown（使平静下来），have got to（不得 不），be concerned about（关心），walk the dog（遛狗），go through （经历），set down（记下），a series of（一连串的），on purpose（故 意），in order to（为了），at dusk（在黄昏时刻）

31、，face to face（面对 面），suffer from（遭受），get/be tired of（对厌倦），pack up （将装箱打包），get along with（与相处），fall in love （相爱）join in（加入）听写句子，用上所学单词或短语，并让学生读出，然后翻译。 如：Add up your score and see how many points you get. Ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down. While walking the dog, you were c

32、areless and it got loose and was hit by a car. I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. They say this boy and I have fallen in love. I would be grateful if you give me some advice.,四、高三词汇复习课建议,4、听写短文 Annes best friend is her diary in which

33、she tells things that she has gone through in her life. During the Second World War, she and her family had got to hide themselves in order not to be caught by the Germans. During that time she began to fall in love with her diary and set down her feelings then. Although she suffers a lot from this

34、experience, she didnt get tired of her life. She sat face to face with the room wall, the dirty curtains and the dusty windows, but she still found a best friend, her diary, and got along well with her.,四、高三词汇复习课建议,案例三（创造条件，让学生参与其中运用语言） 1. The teacher can ask questions about the content. 2. Students

35、 can ask each other questions about the content of specific paragraphs. 3. Individual students can explain the meaning of a paragraph in their own words. 4. Students can summarize the article orally as a class exercise. 5. Students can bring related article to class and give reports on them.,五、近年高考词

36、汇测试,30. Does this meal cost $50? I _ something far better than this! （2007年） A. prefer B. expect C. suggest D. suppose expect: to think that something will happen because it seems likely or has been planned（预计，预想） The troops expect the attack will come at dawn. suppose: to think something is true, a

37、lthough you are uncertain about it （猜想，没有根据） I suppose he could have shot himself, but where would he have got the gun?,五、近年高考词汇测试,34.“Goodbye, then,” she said, without even _ from her book. （2007年） looking down B. looking up C. looking away D. looking on 23. The performance _ nearly three hours, bu

38、t few people left the theatre early.（2008年） A. coveredB. reached C. playedD. lasted 34.After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane _ her job as a doctor in the countryside. （2008年） A. set out B. took over C. took up D. set up,五、近年高考词汇测试,32. Encourage your children to try new things, but

39、 try not to _ them too hard. （2009年） A. draw B. strikeC. rush D. push 27. I tried phoning her office, but I couldnt _.（2009年） A. get along B. get on C. get to D. get through 22. The workers _ the glasses and marked on each box “this side up” （2010年） A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed 35. W

40、as he sorry for what hed done？（2010年） _. ANo wonder BWell done C. Not really D. Go ahead,五、近年高考词汇测试,34William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to_.（2011年） A. disappear B. fall C. fail D. damage 26I can the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean. （20

41、11年） come up with B. put up with C. turn to D. stick to 27. Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can _ almost every word her teacher says. （2012年） A. put out B. put down C. put away D. put together 35. If she doesnt want to go, nothing you can say will _ her. （2012年） A. persuade B. promise C. invite D. support,五、近年高考词汇测试,In the United States there was an unusual tale telling of the daughter of a