ansys电机精确设计方法和应用open1_W

1、ANSYS电机设计方法及应用 雷华 1c 2011 ANSYS, Inc.ANSYS中国 内容提要 ANSYS电机设计平台及流程 ANSYS电机电磁设计方法 ANSYS电机电磁设计应用 2 2011 ANSYS, Inc.ANSYS Product Coupling SimulationIntegrated framework System level Electromagnetic field Circuit and control Multiphysics Electromagnetic field Heat and thermofluid Electromagnetic field St

2、ress and vibration3 2011 ANSYS, Inc.ANSYS Systemlevel WorkflowAnalytical Motor Design Geometry Winding MaterialsAuto Setup For FEAHi FidelityModelROMFE Motor Analysis Efficiency Inductance, Torque OptimizationCosimulation4 2011 ANSYS, Inc.Power Electronics (Drive Analysis) HFSS SI Wave ICEPAK Struct

3、ural Multibody Dynamics Q3DROM FFT Torque Switching / Control topologyROM: Reduced Order ModelsANSYS Systemlevel Simulation Example Transient direct coupling with FEA:Electromagnetic field Circuit Modelbased coupling: Electromagnetic field Circuit5 2011 ANSYS, Inc.内容提要 ANSYS电机设计平台及流程 ANSYS电机电磁设计方法 A

4、NSYS电机电磁设计应用 6 2011 ANSYS, Inc.Role of Electromagnetic Field Analysis in Motor Design Predict the design performance Visualization of invisible magnetic fields Optimization to Improve Development Process(Reduced Cycle time, Lower costs, Higher Quality/Reliability)Geometry Material characteristicsCur

5、rent and voltageElectromagnetic field numerical analysisMagnetic field distribution InductanceTorque Efficiency and loss7 2011 ANSYS, Inc.Magnetic Field Analysis:Main Characteristic Parameters for PM Motor Magnetic field: Saturation, Flux Distribution Inductance: Phase and dq Electromotive force: Po

6、wer generation Torque: Cogging, Rated Force Distribution: NoiseVibrationHarshness Loss: Copper, Iron Core, Eddy Efficiency8 2011 ANSYS, Inc.SpeedCurrentAnsoft LLC2.00TrDC Motor 1 DC motorBrush commutator deviceAnsoft LLC1.00BranchCurrent Quick ReportTN, TI curves (Vdc = 1.5 V)10,0002.5Output and eff

7、iciency characteristics(Vdc = 1.5 V)800800.800.6060060TT-NN, TT-II 曲線曲線 (VVddc=1.5c=1.5VV)出出力力，効効率率特特性性(VVdc=1.5Vdc=1.5V)10,0002.580080ansientSpeedCurrentBrush commutator device8,0002.0600606,0 Torque Quick ReportTransient1.500%pmA rn tmW40040 encyderreuteutpfcipuOiES 4,0001.0 CfCurve InfoBranchCurr

8、ent(VIa)Setup1 : Transient200Output20BranchCurrent(VIb)2,0000.5EfficiencySetup1 : TransientBranchCurrent(VIc) Setup1 : TransientBranchCurrent(VIsource)00.000Setup1 : Transient0.01.02C.0urve Info3.0avg4.00.01.02.03.0 4.0TMoving1.Torque 0.9532Torque mN-m8.0010.00orqueSetup1 : mNTransien-mt0.00-0.50.04

9、0.00-0.6010.008.004.006.00Time ms 2.00 2011 ANSYS, Inc.2.01.51.00.50.03.02.0Torque mN-m1.00.08,0006,0004,0002,0000Time ms6.004.002.000.00-0.400.50-0.201.000.200.001.500.404.03.02.0Torque mN-m0.01.00020OutputEfficiency20040400Y1 AMoving1.Torque mNewtonMeterSpeed rpmCurrent AOutput mWEfficiency %9DC M

10、otor 2 Cogging torque according to the magnetized directionMagnetization in a parallel direction(X direction)Magnetization in a radial direction(R direction)10 2011 ANSYS, Inc.Optimization Algorithms to Reduce CoggingM X 2: 5 .4031M X 1: 0.63 796. 007 . 008.004 . 005.00T im e s 0.001 . 002.003. 00-3

11、 .00- Nominal (2.2 N-m peak)- Optimized (0.4 N-m peak)-1 .00-2 .0000. 0 0.14 020.435 40 .58771. 00Cur v e Inf oOp timiz e d De s ign S etup 1 : Tr an s ie ntMo v in g1.To rque Importe dNo min a l De s ig n3. 002.22 712. 00PMS M_ CT_ V e r if yCogging T o rqueA ns of t Co r p oratio nY1 NewtonMeterHo

12、st manager1 2011 AN1SYS, Inc.Induction Motor 1Ansoft LLC80.00CurrentTranseint2Curve Info60.0040.00Current(U_Phase) Setup1 : TransientCurrent(V_Phase) Setup1 : TransientCurrent(W_Phase) Setup1 : Transient20.000.00-20.00-40.00-60.00Starting current-80.000.0020.0040.0060.00Time ms80.00100.00120.00 Squi

13、rrelcage threephaseY1 Ainduction motor800.00700.00600.00300.00400.00500.00RSpeed rpm200.00100.000.00-50.000.000.000.0010.000.100.002.0020.000.2050.004.0030.00Curve Inf oPow erFactor Setup1 :PerformanceEfficiency Setup1 :PerformanceOutputPow er Setup1 :PerformanceOutputTorque Setup1 :Performance0.301

14、00.006.0040.000.4050.000.50150.008.0060.000.60200.0010.0070.000.70250.0012.0080.000.80IM3_1300.0090.000.90CharacteristicsAnsoft LLC14.00OutputPower kWPowerFactorEfficiency percentOutputTorque NewtonMeterCurrent waveform (Maxwell)12 2011 ANSYS, Inc.Speed characteristic Torque/Output/Efficiency/Power

15、factor (RMxprt)Induction Motor 2 Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)文件中找不到关系 IDAnsoft LLC1.00TorqueMaxwell2DDesign1CurveInfo Moving1.TorqueSetup1 : Transient0.00-1.00-2.00-3.00-4.00-5.00-6.00-7.000.0050.00100.00Time m s150.00200.00200.00 150.00 100.00Time ms 50.000.004.002.000.00-2.00-4.00-6.00-8.

16、00Curve InfoCurrent(PhaseA) Setup1 : TransientCurrent(PhaseB) Setup1 : TransientCurrent(PhaseC) Setup1 : Transient8.006.00Maxwell2DDesign1Stator CurrentsAnsoft LLC Large wind turbine generatorAnsoft LLCStator CurrentsMaxwell2DDesign1Ansoft LLCTorqueMaxwell2DDesign18.001.00Curve InfoCurve InfoCurrent

17、(PhaseA)Setup1 : TransientMoving1.Torque6.00Current(PhaseB)0.00Setup1 : TransientSetup1 : TransientCurrent(PhaseC)4.00Setup1 : Transient-1.00r et2.00e-2.00noM tewNAY 1 0.00ue -3.00qr o T. 1ngv -4.00 i-2.00oM-4.00-5.00-6.00-6.00-7.00-8.000.0050.00100.00150.00200.000.0050.00100.00150.00200.00Time m sT

18、ime ms Y1 AMoving1.Torque NewtonMeter13 2011 ANSYS, Inc.PM Synchronous Motor1dqaxis inductances andstatic torque characteristicsT = Tm + Trqaxis= Pny a Ia cos b+ Pn (L- L )I2 sin2bdaxis2qdaT = dW (Q, i) | d dQi=const=(H B dH )dV )76543Ld, Lq vs Thet (id=0, Ie=40)765Ld, Lq vs iq (id=0, Thet=0)Ld, Lq

19、mHLd, Lq mHvdQ 0Lq43LdLqLdLq210Ld20210Ie A (=iq/sqrt(3)Thet deg304020100100806040014 2011 ANSYS, Inc.dqaxis inductance characteristics9080705060Holding torque characteristicsPM Synchronous Motor2 Slot harmonicsFFTThreephase induced voltage waveformFundamental harmonicSlot harmonics15 2011 ANSYS, Inc

20、.Frequency component survey for slot harmonics of IPM motorsSModel1DModel10ModelLabelID=VCtrl_A LabelID=VCtrl_B LabelID=VCtrl_C LabelID=VCtrl_D1V1V1V1V+ 0+ 0+ 0+ 0+ DC_V/2- LabelID=V31LWinding_D0.262ohm RD45.6uH LD0LabelID=VIDLWinding_C0.262ohm RC45.6uH LCLabelID=VIC+ DC_V/2- LabelID=V30LWinding_B0.

21、262ohm RB45.6uH LBLabelID=VIBLWinding_A0.262ohm RA45.6uH LALabelID=VIALabelID=VIsourceModelVVS_SW_D_dD47VS_SW_D_uD46VS_SW_C_dD45VS_SW_C_uD44VS_SW_B_dD43VS_SW_B_uD42VS_SW_A_dD41VS_SW_A_uD40D32D33D34D35D36D37D38D39LabelID=ISignal_A1ohm R22LabelID=ISignal_B1ohm R23LabelID=ISignal_C1ohm R24LabelID=ISign

22、al_D1ohm R25Switched Reluctance MotorMesh (Magnetostatic analysis)Drive circuit (Inverter)Flux line diagramMagnetic field strength H of gapsMagnetization characteristic16 2011 ANSYS, Inc.Variable Reluctance ResolverAnsoft Corporation1.50Winding Quick ReportOutput voltage waveform2DCurve Info Induced

23、Voltage(Winding_Out2)Setup1 : TransientInducedVoltage(Winding_Out1) Setup1 : Transient1.000.50V3 0.00Y-0.50-1.00-1.50SN0004 N0012Signal GeneratN0045SIMPARAM10.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.00Position deg+ystem simulation (Maxwell + Simplorer)V VM1S_ROTB1E1E2 E4N0051N0022or N0053+VM3 VN0023Cable_Excitatio

24、nN0053N0086R1Cable_Out_CosN0086N0087N0023+V VM5source11source12out11out12out21Rotor_21 + FRotor_22Phase ShiftN0087N0053+V VM6out22Resolver_FEA_LinkFEAR10C1+V VM2 +Magnitude Match +OPV53N0086R2Cable_Out_SinN0023Us1Uc1+OPV51-R9OPV52-R7R4R8+V VM4N0087N00532DGraphSel12DGraphSel32DGraphSel3TRANS1TRC VM1.

25、V = 0 STATE2R3STATE1R5SET: Vin_ref:=1 TRANS2R6TRANS3TRC VM4.V = 0 STATE4STATE3SET: Vo_square:=1 TRANS41.801.000-1.00-1.803.309.00m 9.50m 10.00m2DGraphSel3E2.V VVM3.V VVM1.V V91.77910.00m500.00m0-500.00m-920.00m0 5.00m 10.00mR1.V VM5.V V910.00m500.00m0-500.00m-910.00m2DGraphSel30 5.00m 10.00mR2.V VVM

26、6.V VSET: Vin_ref:=-1FML_INIT1ICA:TRC VM1.V 0PositionEQUSET: Vo_square:=-1 TRC VM4.V Position_out_final2.000VM4.V VSET: t1:=t TRC (GZ1.VAL 0) AND (Pulse_pos =0)NEW_MAXSTATE5-2.00-3.5002DGraphSel12.00uSIMP.2.00u9.00m 9.50m 10.00m9.00m 9.50m 10.00m05.00m8.59mSTATE8SET: t2:=tTRANS8WAITTRANS5SET: Positi

27、on_out_final:=Position_outTrue910.00m2DGraphSel31.V V1.102DGraphSel117 2011 ANSYS, Inc.SET: t3:=t2-t1TRC (GZ1.VAL Difficult in the 3D magnetic field analysis of motors at todays computingperformance19 2011 ANSYS, Inc.Analysis scale: Large Inductance: Good Resistance: GoodAnalysis scale: Small Induct

28、ance: Good Resistance: Not goodCopper Loss of Stranded Coils: Calculation Method The coil resistance may be either a handcalculatedor measured value.SlSR =lorsS From the current value obtained as the analysis result.Copper Loss = RI 220 2011 ANSYS, Inc.Core Loss: Calculation based on Steinmetz Metho

29、dCore Loss = Ph + Pc + Pe= Kh2fBmax+ Kc( fB2)max+ Ke( fBmax)1.5Ph: Hysteresis lossPc : Eddy current lossPe : Residual magnetism (excess) lossKh: Hysteresis loss coefficientKc: Eddy current loss coefficientKe : Residual magnetism loss coefficientf : AC flux frequencyBmax : Maximum flux density Method

30、 adopted in many electromagnetic field analysis tools Calculation in steady state converted to frequency response21 2011 ANSYS, Inc.ANSYS Maxwell Core Loss CalculationA modified Steinmetz model, which includes ANSYS Proprietary Methods, has been adopted.1B1B 2 1 B -0.5h pCore Loss = K + Kct2p 2t + K

31、e t CBte max Reference: D. Lin, P. Zhou, Q.M. Chen,“The Effects of Steel Lamination Core Losses on Transient Magnetic Fields Using T Method ”,IEEE VPPC 2008, Sep.35 2008, Harbin, China.22 2011 ANSYS, Inc.ANSYS Maxwell Core Loss Calculation Problems with the ordinary Steinmetz method The core loss ca

32、n be calculated only in the postprocessing. The result of time change (transient response of loss) cannot be realized Maxwell core loss calculation Provides solutions to the above problems.CopperlossEddycurrent lossCore lossCopperlossEddycurrent lossCore loss The effective of a core loss on the outp

33、ut is not considered.OutputInputOutputInputOther FE Magnetic tool s (Ordinary Steinmetz method)23 2011 ANSYS, Inc.ANSYS Maxwell (Modified Steinmetz method)Extraction of Core Loss Coefficient When core loss characteristics provided by a material manufacturer is entered before analysis is executed, lo

34、ss coefficientsKh, Kc, and Ke are automatically extracted over a range of frequencies. The characteristics measured in the sinewave magnetic field can be used.mni()(2221.51.5)2fkh, kc, ke= pvij -kh fi Bmij+ kfCore Losscii=1j =1Bmij + ke fiBmij= minf6f5f4f3f2f1Maxwell: Window for automatic calculatio

35、n of core loss coefficientsBmax24 2011 ANSYS, Inc.Anisotropic Material and Laminated Material Maxwell has a function for anisotropic material settings that represent a directional silicon steel plate and a laminated steel plate.BH in a rolling directionBH in a nonrolling directionSetting of a Stacki

36、ng Factor of lamination25 2011 ANSYS, Inc.BH setting of a directional silicon steel platethe NdFe (rare metal) magnetEddy Current Loss of Permanent Magnet Resistance loss due to eddy currents generated in26 2011 ANSYS, Inc.Eddy Current Ohmic Loss in PermanentMagnets Calculation MethodOhmic Loss = 1

37、J 2 dvCurrent density|J| distributionomagOhmic loss distribution27 2011 ANSYS, Inc.Core Loss, Eddy Current Loss of PermanentMagnet Using Measured Value Direct measurement is difficult. Core Loss is deduced from other measured losses:Pcore= Pinput -(Poutput+ Pstranded+ Pmech + .) The loss is included

38、 in the measured core lossPcore + Pmagnet= Pinput -(Poutput+ Pstranded+ Pmech + .)28 2011 ANSYS, Inc.Loss Analysis for Electric MachineDesign Considering Carrier HarmonicsCore loss in a steel plateEddy current loss in a permanent magnet Copper loss in a coil29 2011 ANSYS, Inc.Trend of PM Motor Desig

39、nmany industry and transportation applicationsXY Plot 5Simplorer1 ANSOFT250.00Curve Info maxVM1.VTR202.3062125.00VV 1 0.00.VM-125.00-250.000.000.250.500.751.001.251.501.752.00Time msVM1.V VAt present, brushless PM motors driven by a PWM inverter are widely used for250.00XY Plot 5TRSimplorer1ANSOFTCu

40、rve Info max VM1.V 202.3062125.000.00-125.00-250.000.000.250.500.751.00Time ms1.251.501.752.0030 2011 ANSYS, Inc.Advantages of PM Electric Machines High performance magnetic material Compact, highoutput, and highefficiency motor NeFe (rare earth) magnet with an efficiency of 90% or higher, (However, rareearthless are drawing attention due to the recent price hike.) Advanced control using an inverter Expansion of appl