2015年学大教育艺考生课程――词汇 第三十二讲 Poems

1、2015年学大教育艺考生课程词汇 第三十二讲 Poems适用学科高中英语适用年级高中三年级适用区域全国课时时长（分钟）60分钟知识点名词辨析；动词辨析；副词辨析；形容词辨析；动词短语辨析；完成句子；句子翻译；教学目标知识：1.快速复习掌握本单元词汇。 2. 快速扩词汇量 方法：1老师和学生一起翻译短文并从中找出自己不认识的词汇。 2. 学生将不认识的词汇整理到笔记本上，并默写出所整理的词汇的汉语意思。 能力：1.能根据老师所翻译的文章快速记住生词的汉语意思。2. 能通过不断上涨的词汇量快速提高阅读能力。教学重点1. 能根据老师所翻译的文章快速记住生词的汉语意思。2. 能通过不断上涨的词汇量快速

2、提高阅读能力。教学难点重点单词、短语的灵活运用教学过程一、课堂导入1. Do you remember any poems you have read in high school, either in Chinese or in English? Can you recite any?2. There are many reasons why people write poems. In small groups make a list of these reasons. The list has been started for you . people write poems: to t

3、ell a story; to express feelings; to recall an enjoyable or unpleasant incident二、复习预习1）The important words in M6 unit one :1. abstract adj._2. district n._3.delicate adj. _4.figure n. _5.attempt vt.& n. _6. adopt vt._7. technique n. _8. visual adj. _9. signature. n._10. fragrant adj. _11. carve vt.

4、_12. possession n. _13. consequently adv. _14. aggressive adj. _15. specific adj. _16. aim vi.vt. n. _17. conventional adj. _18. scholar n._19. evident adj. _20. ridiculous adj. _21. reputation n. _22. predict vt. _23. permanent adj. _24. gallery n. _25. civilization n. _26. exhibition. _27. faith n

5、. _28. typical adj. _29. coincidence n. _30. preference v. _【答案】1. 抽象的；深奥的2. 区域3. 脆弱的，容易生病的，精致的4. 画像，身材，数字5. 努力；尝试 6. 采用，收养 7. 技术，方法 8. 视觉的，看得见的 9. 署名，签字10. 香的，令人愉快的 11. 雕刻，刻记 12. 所有，财产13. 所以14. 敢作敢为的，好斗的15. 确切的，特定的16. 目标，瞄准17. 常规的，传统的18. 学者19. 明显的，明白的20. 荒诞的，可笑的 21. 名誉22. 预言，预告23. 永久的，持久的24.画廊25. 文

6、明，文化26. 展览27. 信心，信念28. 典型的，有代表性的29. 巧合30. 喜爱，偏爱2）The important phrases in M6 unit one:1. concentrate on_2. as well as _3. by coincidence _4. in the late 19th century _6. lead to _7. scores of. . . _8. on the other hand _ 9. in the flesh _ 10. appeal to _ 11. lie in_ 12. all the time _ 13. break away

7、 from_ 14. in the style of _15. as a consequence_ 【答案】1. 集中 2. 也；还；而且3. 巧合地4. 在19世纪晚期5. 大量6. 导致7. 大量的 8. (可是)另一方面9. 活着的；本人10. (对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣11. 在于；位于12. 一直；始终13. 挣脱；脱离14. 以方式15. 因此, 结果三、知识讲解翻译下面由本单元词汇所编成的故事 学生将在翻译过程中不会的词汇用横线标出 （一）The passage Since childhood, Anton had often recited poems, accomp

8、anied by pianists and violinists, at wedding ceremonies before brides and bridegrooms exchanged rings. Gradually, he found writing poems the most appropriate way to convey his joy and sorrow. When his poem Contradictory Blank won him a national championship and a scholarship to the Moscow University

9、 from a sponsor, he was just an unknown librarian. After getting his diploma, he devoted his life to writing poems. Using concrete but flexible language and the minimum of words is his style. He tried out different patterns and preferred nursery rhyme in particular. The following is a translation of

10、 one of his works made up of 3 sections: Little sparrow with heavy load, Ran out of energy and very cold; No compass and all sweat salty, Can you go through the endless darkness? Little balloon let out by the thread, Flew over cottages and was very glad; with warmth transformed from sunlight, He sai

11、d he could forever fly; Take it easy, little balloon; Dont tease the sparrow with his wound; On the bare branch and have a rest; This diamond heart will eventually get success. 逐句翻译原文从童年时起，安东就常常在钢琴师或小提琴师的伴奏下在婚礼上朗诵诗歌，为新郎新娘交换戒指前的仪式助兴。渐渐地，他发现写诗是表达他的欢乐和悲伤的最合适方式。在他还是个寂寞无闻的图书管理员时，他的诗矛盾的空白就获得了全国诗歌创作冠军，并为他赢

12、得一位赞助人提供的奖学金，到莫斯科大学深造。获得文凭后，他将一生都投入到诗歌创作中。使用具体而灵活的语言和最少的词语数量是他的风格，他还喜欢尝试不同的诗歌形式，特别是童谣。下面由三部分组成的译文就是他的作品中的一首：小麻雀，负重担， 小气球，脱绳系， 别紧张，小气球筋疲力尽挡风寒， 飞越农舍真高兴， 别笑麻雀伤口留，汗水成盐无指引， 阳光给予它温暖， 光光的树梢歇片刻，能否穿越无边暗？ 永远高飞不费力； 恒（钻石）心终把成功求。要求：翻译文章并标出自己不会的生词 并讲其汉语意思默写到笔记本上（二）重点知识总结与解析：1）The important words in this passage:1

13、. convey_ 2. concrete_ 3. flexible_ 4. pattern_ 5. tease_ 6. endless_ 7. branch_ 8. eventually_ 9. transform_ 10. sorrow_ 11. exchange_ 12. sponsor _ 13. scholarship_ 14. load_ 15. translation_16. appropriate _17. darkness _【答案】1. 传达；运送2. 具体的3. 灵活的；可弯曲的; 柔顺的4. 模式；式样；图案5. 取笑；招惹；戏弄6. 无穷的；无止境的7. 枝条；支流；

14、部门8. 最后；终于9. 转化；转换；改造；变换10. 悲伤; 悲痛；懊悔 11. 交换；交流；互换; 调换；交换12. 赞助人；主办者；倡议者 vt. 发起；举办；倡议 13. 奖学金；学问；学术成就 14. 负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的 15. 翻译；译文16. 适当的；正当的17. 黑暗；漆黑2）The important phrases in this passage:1. take it easy._2. run out of_3. be made up of _ 4. in particular_ 5. be translated into_6. by chance _7. hold

15、on _8. try out _9. stay up _10. let out _【答案】1. 轻松；不紧张; 从容2. 用完3. 由构成4. 尤其；特别5. 被译成6. 偶然地7. 别挂断；继续；坚持；保持8. 测试; 试验9. 熬夜10. 发出；放走（三）知识点讲解：重点词汇知识点1 appropriate adj.适当的，正当的 教材原句 Match the beginning of each sentence with the appropriate ending. （P13）将每个句子的开头结尾进行适当的连线搭配。必会an appropriate response/measure 恰

16、如其分的反应/恰当的措施be appropriate for/to 适合 延 展inappropriate adj. 不适当的It is appropriate that. . . (从句谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略）【例句体会】I didnt think his comments were very appropriate at the time. 我觉得他在当时发表那些评论很不妥当。You will be informed of the details at the appropriate time in an appropriate way.详细的情况将会

17、在合适的时间以恰当的方式告诉你。 【归纳拓展】词汇辨析：appropriate/suitable/fit adj.合适的，适当的appropriate 形容事物在特定的时间合适，或与特定场合协调一致。suitable适合于某一特定目的或场合，正确的。（常可与appropriate互换）fit指适合于某工作或用途等完成句子 运动服不适合在正式婚礼中穿。Sports clothes are not _ a formal wedding. 【答案】appropriate for/to知识点2 transform vi. &vt. 转化；转换；改造；变换教材原句 Never looking back,

18、 transformed into stone. (P11) 化为石， 不回头！必会transform. . . into. . . 使变成 transform into 转化成，改造为be transformed from. . . into. . . 由变成；由迁到 延展transformation n. （外观或性质的）改变、变革【例句体会】Ten years of hard work transformed Mathilde completely into an ordinary housewife. 十年的艰辛劳动彻底把玛蒂尔德变成了一个普通家庭妇女。Their efforts ha

19、ve transformed the bald hill into one covered with green trees all over. 他们的努力使这光秃秃的山变得绿树葱葱。【归纳拓展】词汇辨析：transform/change v.改变，变化transform指“人、物在性质上或形态上发生彻底或基本的变化”change指“使改变得与原物不同”或“使发生以新代旧的变化”选择 transform或change，并用其适当的形式填空1) Heat can _ water into steam.2) The appearance of the town is quite _.Keys: 1

20、) transform 2) changedThe company _ _ _ a family business _ one with 5, 000 labours. (补全句子)这家公司已从家族企业变成一家拥有5, 000名员工的大公司。答案：is transformed from ；into重点词组知识点1 run out of用完教材原句 if we hadnt taken it easy, if we hadnt run out of energy. （P10） 如果我们没有松懈， 如果我们没有精疲力竭。方法规律 run out of意为“用完了”，是及物动词短语，表示主动意义，主语

21、一般是人。多用于完成时和进行时，一般不用于被动语态。run out意为“用完了”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词。give out用尽，精疲力竭，为不及物动词短语。use up用完，消耗尽，为及物动词短语。1) We are _ time. /Our time is _. Please hurry up. 2) His strength _ after he ran that long distance. 3) My money has been _ , so I have to return home. 答案：1)running out of; running out

22、; 2)gave out 3)used up 即时背诵He ran out of milk and bread and had to suffer hunger. 他喝完了牛奶，吃完了面包，只好忍受饥饿。He is always running out of money before payday. 他老是发工资的日子还没到就把钱花完了。 知识点 2 let out发出；放走；泄露；放大教材原句 Slowly the blackbird lets out a cry. 黑鸟慢慢地发出叫声。(P16)方法规律 let out 的含义很多，下面我们通过例句进行展示。The thief let he

23、rself out of the house very quietly. （放走）小偷悄悄地从屋里溜出来。Jack has put on so much weight that I had to let out all his trousers. （放大）杰克长胖了许多，我不得不把他所有的裤子都改大。 Dont let out the plan to the press. （泄露）别把这项计划泄露给媒体。Hearing the good news, the boy let out a cry of joy. （发出）听到这个好消息，这个男孩高兴地叫了起来。 思维拓展 let alone 更不用

24、说，更谈不上; let sb alone 不打扰；不惊动let go 放开，放手；释放; let down 把放下来；使失望有关out的其他常见词组 leave out省去, 遗漏, 不考虑；bring out使显示, 出版,；make out理解, 辨认出即时背诵He let out the bird from the cage. 他把鸟从笼子里放走了。On seeing the wonderful sculpture，everyone present let out a cry of surprise. 看到这栋精致的雕塑，在场的每一个人都发出了惊讶声。She promised that

25、she would not let out the plan to the press. 她答应不会向新闻方面泄露这个计划。知识点3 be likely to do sth可能 教材原句 Do you think the speaker in the poem is more likely to be a girlfriend/boyfriend or a parent?你认为诗中的发言者更有可能是一个女朋友、男朋友，还是一位父亲或母亲？(P14)方法规律 词义辨析：likely，possible，probable 三者均为表示“可能的”形容词。possible表示客观上潜在的可能性；prob

26、able表示有几分根据的猜测，比possible所指的可能性大些。两者所跟的主语均为物。而likely所跟的主语既可以是人也可以是物。常用句型 be likely to do sth. / be likely that clause Its likely to snow this evening.今晚很可能下雪。(It is likely that it is going to snow this evening.)Hes likely to come tomorrow.他明天很可能来。(It is likely that he will come tomorrow.)即时背诵 It is l

27、ikely to rain.天像要下雨了。 It seems likely that interest rates will increase. 看起来利率有可能上升。重点句型知识点 1 省略了if的虚拟条件句需要用倒装语序。教材原句 Should the traveler return, this stone would utter speech. 行人归来石应语。(P11)句式分析 should + 主语+ 动词原形 方法规律 该句中Should the traveler return相当于If the traveler should return。在if条件句中常可使用情态动词shoul

28、d，表示真实的但又无把握的条件，should可译成“要是；万一”。 当if引导的虚拟条件句中有had，were，should时，可将if省去，将had，were，should提前，构成倒装语序。Should I not be here when you get back, please do wait for me. 你回来时如果我不在，请务必等我。Should I have time，I would call on him.我要是有时间就去看望他。知识点 2 The reason why is that 教材原句 There are various reasons why people wr

29、ite poems. 人们写诗有各种各样的原因。 (P10)句式分析 The reason why is that 方法规律本句为主从复合句。1) why people write poems作reasons的定语。关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语，可用for which代替。You must tell him the reason why you wont accept his offer.你必须告诉他你为何拒绝他的建议。(why作原因状语)Did you hear the reason(that) he gave for being late? 你听到他为迟到而找的理由了吗？(that

30、作宾语)2) that 引导的表语从句。所以，可以将两个从句一起在这一个句型中加以记忆：The reason why is that “的理由是”知识点3 while的用法 教材原句 Some rhyme(like B) while others do not(like C)(P10)有些押韵(如B)，有些不押韵(如C)。 句式分析 这是一个并列句，此句中的while作并列连词，表示前后两者的对比，意为“而，却”。He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music。他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。方法规律 (1)while意为“当的时候”，表示一

31、段时间，不能用来表示时间点，它引导的从句的动词必须是持续性的。 He took a bath while I was preparing dinner. 我在准备晚餐时，他在洗澡。 (2)while意为“虽然，尽管”，表示让步。 While I understand your viewpoint，I dont agree with you. 虽然我了解你的观点，但我还是不同意。 四、例题精析【例题1】选择appropriate/suitable或fit并用其适当的形式填空1) Parents are warned not to buy books not _ for their childre

32、n.2) Such a ship is _ for a calm sea only.3) I think this is an _ moment to raise the question of my promotion.【答案】1) suitable 2) fit 3) appropriate 【解析】 suitable本句表达的是不用买不适合孩子阅读这一目的的书。所以表示适合某一目的。用suitable合适；fit指适合于某工作或用途等本句句意为这样的船只适合平静的海面；appropriate 形容事物在特定的时间合适，或与特定场合协调一致。【例题2】完成句子 他迟到的原因是因为他的车半道

33、坏了。The reason _ was _ his car broke down halfway. 【答案】why he was late；that【解析】利用句型The reason why clause is/was that clause造句。【例题3】完成句子 Mary made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal. In some places women are expected to earn money _men work at home and raise their children. 【答案】whilewhile【解

34、析】第一句中的while是“当时”的意思，引导时间状语从句。句意为“当她的客人用餐的时候，Mary在制作咖啡。”第二句中的while是“然而”的含义。连接并列句。句意为“在一些地方，女人在外挣钱而男人在家工作并且照顾他们的孩子。”五、课堂运用【基础】根据单词变形。1. translate v. _n. / _n. 译员，翻译家【答案】translation, translator2. appropriate adj. _adv. _adj. ( 反义词)【答案】appropriately, inappropriate. 3. transform v. _n. 【答案】transformatio

35、n4. eventually adv. _adj.【答案】eventual5. darkness n. _adj. 【答案】dark【巩固】根据句意及汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。1. Where can I_ (兑换) my dollars for pounds? 【答案】exchange【解析】动词的用法。2. I think the English article which was _(翻译) into Chinese by him is second to none.【答案】translated【解析】动词的用法。3. We didnt know how they _(运送) the

36、se stones over 380 miles without modern machines. 【答案】conveyed【解析】动词的用法。4. Young people should learn to behave _(恰当地)，especially on formal occasions.【答案】appropriately【解析】副词的用法。5.该研究表明有些人更有可能患背痛的毛病。The study shows some people _ suffer back problems. 【答案】are more likely to 【解析】词组的用法。6. 她的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也要

37、耗尽了。Her money has been _ and her patience is also _. 【答案】run out of ；running out【解析】词组的用法。7. 你认为我们还能坚持多久？How much longer do you think we can _? 【答案】hold on【解析】词组的用法。8. 众所周知，美国由50个州组成。It is known to us all that the United States _ fifty states. 【答案】is made up of【解析】词组的用法。9. 看到蛇，这个害怕的小女孩发出一声呐喊。 At the

38、 sight of the snake，the frightened girl _ a cry. 【答案】let out【解析】词组的用法。10. 如果受到邀请的话，我就去参加玛丽的生日聚会。 Ill go to Marys birthday party _ _ . 【答案】if (I am) invited 【解析】省略句的用法。【拔高】英汉互译一）英译汉1、The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a

39、 lot of repetition.答案：这种语言具体但富有想象力，它们能使孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵而又节奏感强，而且重复多遍。 2、The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. 答案：这些诗可能没什么意义，甚至有的看来自相矛盾，但它们容易学，也容易背诵。3. Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetryTang Poems from China

40、 in particular?答案：你知道说英语的人也喜欢其他形式的亚洲诗，尤其是中国的唐诗吗？4. The language of Nursery rhymes is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. 答案：童谣的语言具体但富有想象力，这能使小孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵、节奏感强，并较多重复。 5. Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is m

41、ade up of 17 syllables. 答案：俳句诗是一种日本诗， 由17个音节组成。二）汉译英1. 人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。【答案和解析】There are various why people write poetry. 2. 诗人用许多不同格式的诗来表达自己的情感。【答案和解析】 Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves.3. 通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。【答案和解析】By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children lea

42、rn about language. 4. 运用这些，学生们可以用少量的词语传达一幅动人的画面。【答案和解析】With these, students can convey a strong picture in just a few words. 5. 那首诗描述的是一个季节的一个方面？【答案和解析】 Which poem describes an aspect of a season?课程小结本节课主要围绕选修六unit two词汇进行多方位记忆，将精心挑选出的表达情感类的词汇、短语进行汇编串联，够成趣味文章。需要重点掌握的是除了本单元的词汇 还有文章中出现的其他词汇的汉语意思。尽可能多的

43、扩大词汇量，尽可能快的记住每个生词的意思，近年高考对词汇的考查越来越重视，因此，同学在通过词汇量的增大，快速提高了阅读能力，使整个高考题的卷面分数全面提高课后作业【基础】一）根据文章内容，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。1. What is the most appropriate way to convey Antons emotion?A. write poems B. write songs C. reading D writing【答案】A【解析】文中he found writing poems the most appropriate way to convey his

44、 joy and sorrow.很好的表明写诗是他最适合的表达情感的方式。2. What is the meaning of appropriate in the first paragraph？A. favorite B. suitable C. hate D. fit【答案】B【解析】原句的意思为：他发现写诗是表达他的欢乐和悲伤的最合适方式。appropriate 原意为适当的；恰当的；合适的所以只有B和它的意思相符。3. What can we learn from the text？A. When Anton was in the Moscow University, his poem Contradictory Blank won a national championship.B. Anton has liked the poem since he was a child. C. He used abundant words in his works. D. He hardly tried out other patterns of the poetry.【答案】B【解析】从文中第一段第一句“Since chi