英语语法词类分析实词代词

1、【英语语法分类汇总】代词代词代词用来代替名词或名词词组，在句中用以避免名词的重复。因此，代词的使用必须和它所代替的名词在人称、数、性、格上取得一致。代词的分类：一、人称代词二、物主代词三、反身代词四、相互代词五、指示代词六、疑问代词七、关系代词八、不定代词从零开始学语法：人称代词全掌握人称代词人称代词是指人或事物的代词。有人称、数、格的变化。第三人称单数的人称代词还有性的变化。人称代词列表：第一人称单数 I me 我第二人称单数 you you 你第三人称单数 he him 他（阳性） she her 她（阴性） it it 它第一人称复数 we us 我们第二人称复数 you you 你们第

2、三人称复数 they them 他们、她们、它们人称代词的句法功能一、作主语（用主格形式）We are cooks. 我们是厨师。二、作表语（用主格形式）Its I. 是我。注意：在正式场合中，当表语的代词应采用主格形式。但是在口语习惯上人们常用宾格形式。如：Its me.三、作宾语（用宾格形式）This is my hat. Do you like it? 这是我的帽子。你喜欢吗？四、作介宾（用宾格形式）My brother often takes care of me. 我哥哥经常照顾我。从零开始学语法：快速搞定物主代词物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和

3、名词性物主代词两种。形容词性 名词性my mine 我的your yours 你的his his 他的her hers 她的its its 它的our ours 我们的your yours 你们的their theirs 他们的、她们的、它们的物主代词的句法功能形容词性物主代词只能当定语；名词性物主代词可以当主语、表语、宾语。一. 形容词性物主代词当定语My school is not far from here. 我的学校离这儿不远。二. 名词性物主代词当主语Ours is the best football team in the school. 我们的足球队是全校最棒的。三. 名词性物主

4、代词当表语The book on the desk isnt mine. 桌子上的那本书不是我的。四. 名词性物主代词当宾语I forgot to bring my pen. May I use yours? 我忘了带钢笔。我可以借用以下你的吗？物主代词的其他用法一. 形容词性物主代词的其他用法1. 英语中表示身体所有的、随手携带的常用形容词性物主代词，汉语中却没有这样的使用习惯。He put on his hat and left. 他戴上帽子就走了。2. 形容词性物主代词与 own 连用表示强调。I wont believe it until I see it with my own ey

5、es. 直到我亲眼看到我才会相信。3. 以下结构中，必须用 the ，而不能用形容词性物主代词。touch sb. on the head 摸某人的头hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸hit sb. on the nose 打某人的鼻子strike sb. in the chest 打某人的胸部catch sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂二. 名词性物主代词和 of 连用当定语，构成双重所有格。That son of hers is very lovable. 她的那个儿子很可爱。This painting of his is very excellent. 他的这

6、副画非常优秀。英语物主代词用法口诀张志华物主代词分两种，形容词性名词性。形容词性能力差，自己不能来当家。句子当中作定语，身后定把名词加。物主代词名词性，相当名词可单用。句中充当主宾表，身后没有名词影。两种代词形不同，添个 s 形变名。his, its不用变，my变mine要记清。从零开始学语法：一起来学反身代词反身代词的句法功能一、作表语Shes not herself today. 她今天跟平常真是判若两人。二、作宾语Please help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃点鱼。三、作介宾I learned English by myself. 我自学英语。四、作同位语

7、He can do that himself. 他自己能做那件事。反身代词用来强调句子的主语The king himself gave her the medal. 是国王亲自授予她勋章的。（注：念这句句子时 self 要重读。）这样使用的反身代词并不是必不可少的，如被省略也不会改变句子的意思。它的作用是强调句子的主语，通常位于主语之后：Tom himself went. 汤姆亲自去了。在有宾语时也可位于宾语之后：Ann opened the door herself. / Ann herself opened the door. 安亲自开门。反身代词的习惯用法in oneself 本身、本质

8、上to oneself 供自己用by oneself 独自地、单独地for oneself 替自己amuse oneself 自娱自乐help oneself to 随便吃enjoy oneself 过得很快活teach oneself 自学speak to oneself 自言自语devote oneself to 献身于.lose oneself = lose ones way 迷路make oneself understand 让别人懂得自己的意思among one selves 在.之间between one selves 私下说的话（不可告诉别人）从零开始学语法：some 和 any

9、 的用法some 的用法some 一些，某些，某个。可代替名词和形容词。常用于肯定句。在句子中用作主语、宾语、定语。作定语时，它可以修饰单数可数名词和复数可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。1. 用于肯定句Ask some boys to help you.（修饰复数可数名词）叫些男孩来帮助你。Please bring some coffee.（修饰不可数名词）请拿些咖啡来。Ask some girl to come here.（修饰单数可数名词）叫（某）个女孩来这儿。2. some 用于疑问句时表示“请求、邀请或希望得到肯定的回答”。Would you like some coffee?（表示请

10、求、邀请）请喝咖啡。Have you some stamps?（希望得到肯定的回答）你有邮票吧？any 的用法any 一些，任何。可代替名词和形容词。常用于否定句或疑问句，也可以用于条件状语从句。作定语时，它可以修饰复数形式的可数名词和不可数名词。1. 用于疑问句或否定句Are there any cows in the fields?（修饰复数形式的可数名词）田里有一些牛吗？There wont be any trouble.（修饰不可数名词）没有任何麻烦。2. 用于条件状语从句If there is any trouble, let me know.如果有什么麻烦，要让我知道。3. any

11、 用于肯定句时，通常要重读，修饰单数可数名词和不可数名词。Any time you want me, just send for me.什么时候你需要我，随时叫我来。Come any day you like.只要你喜欢，随时可以来。【中考英语语法汇总】代词语法讲解（一）代词概述代词用来代替名词，在句中充当主语、宾语和表语，有时还可以充当定语。代词在考试命题中主要是代词格的变化、代词单复数形式以及不定代词和it的用法等。（二）基本知识梳理1. 人称代词：主格作主语，宾格用作及物动词和介词的宾语。He often helps me.Who is at the door? Its me.The b

12、icycle belongs to Tom and me.出现并列主语或宾语时，其排列顺序为：单数时是第二、第三、第一人称（简称231）即you，he and I或you，her and me；复数时是第一、第二、第三人称（简称123）即we，you and they或us，you and them。2. 物主代词：形容词性物主代词作定语，后加名词；而名词性物主代词等于形容词性物主代词加名词。如： This is my book. = This book is mine.名词性物主代词可做主语、宾语和表语。如：Your pen is blue. Mine is blue,too.May I u

13、se your pen? Ive lost mine.She is a classmate of his.The bike is hers.3. 反身代词：用作宾语和起强调作用。1）作宾语Help yourself to some cakes.I can look at myself in the mirror.They should think more of the public health than themselves.2）作强调We do homework by ourselves.I myself go to the airport to meet my uncle.4. 指示代

14、词1）this，that，these，thoseWhats this(that)? Its a book.What are these(those)? They are books.this和these比较靠近，that和those稍远一点。2）it的用法（1）指物：Its a robot.（2）指自然现象： Its raining now, but it will be fine soon.（3）指时间：What time is it? Its 8 oclock.（4）指距离：Its twenty minutes walk.（5）作形式主语：Its important for us to f

15、ight pollution.It took me half an hour to finish the work.Its kind of you to say so.（6）作形式宾语： We think it necessary to relax from time to time.5. 不定代词1）some，anysome用于肯定句中，any用于否定句和疑问句中。如：There are some pens on the desk.There arent any pens on the desk.Are there any pens on the desk?Some are Chinese.

16、 Others are English.在表示请求、建议、反问等句子中，用some而不是用any。如：Would you like some drink?any也可以表示任何一个。如：Do you know any of her friends?If you have any questions, you can ask me.2）复合不定代词：something， anything，nothing，everything，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，someone，anyone，no one，everyone，somewhere，anywhere，now

17、here，everywhere这些不定代词都作单数，表示“某物”、“某人”、“某地”。（1）作主语：Someone is waiting for you.No one is in the classroom.（2）作宾语：Have you got anything to say?Did you see anything else in the classroom?（3）不定代词被形容词修饰时，定语放在它们的后面。如：Ive got something interesting to tell you.Theres nothing new in the newspaper.3）a few，few，

18、a little，little前两者修饰可数名词，后两者修饰不可数名词。few，little表示否定，意思是几乎没有；a few，a little表示肯定，意思是还有几个、有一点。如：There is still a little time left, you neednt hurry.I cant buy anything because I have little money on me.4）both（两者都，复数），all（三者以上都，复数），neither（两者都不，单数），none（三者以上都不，单复数），either（两这种人一个，单数），both.and， neither.nor

19、， either.or（1）作主语：Both of the twins are doctors.All of them are honest.Neither of them is a doctor.None of them is/are honest.（2）词组：Both Li Ping and I are students.Neither Li Ping nor I am a student.（3）作形容词：on both sides of the riveron either side of the river注意下面句子转化：Both of them are teachers.改成否定句

20、是： Neither of them is a teacher.All of us are students.改成否定句是： None of us is a student. 或： None of us are students.5）one .the other(s)表示一个其余的，是有范围的；some.others 表示一些另一些，是无范围的；another 表示很多中的另一个，再个。如：He has two brothers. One is an engineer, the other is a writer.Some like football. Others like basketba

21、ll.Some books on the shelf are in Chinese, the others in English.She will be in hospital for another two weeks.（她将在医院再住两星期。）【中考英语语法汇总】代词：同步练习代词语法经典例题1.John sits among _.A you, me and Mary B Mary, you and IC you, Mary and me D you, Mary and I2._ performed the play very well.A The both children B They

22、 both C Both two boys D Both they3.Dont worry. There is _with you.A anything wrong B something wrongC nothing wrong D wrong something4.Miss Brown will teach _ English next term.A us B we C our D ours5.Merry Christmas, George! Here is a card for _, with _ best wishes.A you.our B us.yourC you.your D u

23、s.our6.There are many high rises on _ side of Huaihai Road. What a magnificent view！A either B neitherC both D all7.The boy received _ education that he_ hardly write his own name.A such littlecould B so littlecouldC so fewcouldnt D such fewcouldnt8. Whats in your _ hand.A the other B other C anothe

24、r D one9.The small village is too far away. _ people have been there.A A few B A little C Few D Little10.We found _ important to relax ourselves.A that B its C it D this典型高考英语陷阱题详解代词类1. _ with any common sense can tell the difference between the two.A. Who B. WhoeverC. Anyone D. Who ever【陷阱】容易误选B。【分

25、析】最佳答案为C。有的同学误选B主要是因为受以下这类句子的影响：Whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work. 谁要是得到这份工作就有很多事要做。以上三句中 whoever 引导的均为主语从句，其中的 whoever均可换成 anyone who，但是不能换成 anyone。以上试题从表面上看，与以上各例很相似，其实它们有本质的不同，即 _ with any common sens

26、e 中没有谓语动词，所以我们不能选 whoever。此题的正确答案为C，anyone 为句子主语，with any common sense 为修饰 anyone 的定语。现将此题稍作改动如下，答案选B：_ has any common sense can tell the difference between the two.A. Who B. WhoeverC. Anyone D. Who ever2. The dictionary is really useful. Every boy and girl _ it and they each _ to buy one.A. like, w

27、ant B. likes, wantsC. likes, want D. like, wants【陷阱】容易误选D。认为前面一空填复数动词，因为其主语是 boy and girl，为复数；第二空填单数动词，因为其前有 each，表示每一个。【分析】事实上，此题应选C。因为按英语习惯，every 后接两个并列的单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，即第一空填 likes；而第二空要填复数动词 want，是因为其前的主语是 they 而不是 each（each 为主语的同位语）。3. Everyone knows that Canada is larger than _ country in Asi

28、a.A. any B. any otherC. other D. another【陷阱】容易误选B。选择的依据是以下大家熟悉的句型(其中的 other 不可省略)：He is taller than any other student in our class. 他是我们班最高的。English is more widely used in international intercourse than any other language today. 现今英语在国际交往中比其他任何语言用得都广。【分析】但是上面一题与这类句子有所不同。这类句型到底该不该加 other，主要应看所谈论的对象是否

29、在比较的范围之内：若在范围之内，则用 other (以排除自己与自己比较)；若不在范围之内，则不用 other。比较下面一题：China is larger than _ country in Asia.A. any B. any other C. other D. another此题应选B，因为 China 在 Asia 的范围之内。假若选A，则表示中国比亚洲的任何国家都大，而中国本身也是亚洲国家，由此则得出中国比中国大的荒谬结论。而选B，则表示中国比亚洲任何其他国家要大，这才合乎事实。4. What do you think of them? I dont know _ is better

30、, so Ive taken _ of them.A. what, both B. what, noneC. which, both D. which, none【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案为C。做好此题的关键是要注意句中的 better 一词，由于better 用的是比较级，说明比较的对象应是两者，由此可推知第二空应填both；另一方面，由于所谈论的是两者，说明选择范围比较窄、比较明确，所以第一空应填 which。5. Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer? _ will do, but milk is _ po

31、pular with me.A. Neither, not B. Both, moreC. Either, the most D. All, the most【陷阱】很容易误选B，因为前文提到 coffee 和 beer 为两者，所以有的同学就认为应选 both 和 more 与之对应(more 为比较级，指两者比较)。【分析】做对此题的关键是要注意到下文提到的 milk既不是 coffee 也不是 beer，而是除这两者外的第三者，故第二空应填 the most，即此题最佳答案为C。6. I read about it in some book or other, does it matte

32、r _ it was?A. where B. whatC. how D. which此题答案选D，主要与上文的some book or other (某一本书)这一语境有关，全句句意为：我在某一本书上读到过它，是哪一本书这很重要吗?请看类似试题：(1) Who told you? Oh, somebody or other, Ive forgotten _.A. what B. whenC. which D. who此题最佳答案为D。句意为：谁告诉你的？噢，有个人，我忘记是哪一个了。(2) Some of the students were late for the meeting, but

33、I cant remember _.A. what B. whenC. which D. whom此题最佳答案为C。句意为有些学生开会迟到了，但我不记得是哪些学生了。7. These trousers are dirty and wet - Ill change into my _.A. another B. trousersC. others D. other【陷阱】容易误选A、B。【分析】最佳答案为C。是从语法上看，another 后通常接单数名词，而不接trousers 这样的复数名词（若用 another pair 则可以）；也不能选 trousers 是因为填它句子意思不通。最佳答案

34、应选C，others 相当于 other trousers，其中的 other 与前面的 these 相对照。8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _.A. other B. the otherC. the others D. another【陷阱】容易误选B。选择依据可能是one . the other .这一常用结构。【分析】最佳答案为D。使用one . the other . 时，我们通常是针对两者而言的，即指两者中的一个.，另一个.；如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者而言的

35、，而是针对多者而言的，那么我们就不宜在 one 后使用 the other，而考虑用 another。又如(答案均选D，即选 another)：(1) Those cakes look delicious. Could I have _ one?A. other B. the otherC. the others D. another(2) I have many such novels. Ill bring _ tomorrow.A. other B. the otherC. the others D. another(3) Saying is one thing and doing is

36、_.A. other B. the otherC. the others D. another比较以下各例：(1) Shut _ eye, Jim.A. another B. some otherC. other D. the other答案选D，因为人的眼睛只有两只，故用 one . the other . 结构。(2) Its sometimes hard to tell one twin from _.A. another B. some otherC. other D. the other答案选D，twin 意为孪生子之一、双胞胎之一，即指两者之一，故用 one . the other

37、 . 这一结构。9. There are four bedrooms, _ with its own bathroom.A. all B. eachC. every D. either此题容易误选A，认为既然前面出现了 four bedrooms，故填 all 与之对应。其实，此题的最佳答案应为B，原因是空格后的隐藏信息 its，它表示空格处应填一个单数代词，但是不能选C，因为 every 不能这样单独使用。10. Its said that he is a wise leader. Oh, no, he is _ but a wise leader.A. anything B. anyone

38、C. anybody D. anywhere【陷阱】容易误选B、C。因为句子主语指人，似乎只有B、C才与之一致。【分析】其实，正确答案应选A。因为 anything but 是习语，意为根本不是或一点也不，不仅可用于事物，也可用于人。如：Ill do anything but that. 我绝不会干那种事。The party was anything but a success. 晚会根本不成功。Her father was anything but a poet. 她父亲根本不是诗人。Such a man was anything but a hero. 那样的人绝不算英雄。11. Tell

39、 _ you like - it makes no difference to me.A. anyone B. whoC. whoever D. what【陷阱】容易从中文字面来理解而误选A或B。【分析】最佳答案选 C。但若将A, B两项合起来，即用 anyone who这样的形式则也可以。选 C，whoever 引导一个宾语从句，用作动词 tell的宾语。同样地，请看以下类似试题：(1) _ comes is welcome.A. Anyone B. WhoC. Anyone who D. Everyone此题很容易误选A，因为从汉语意思来分析，可理解为任何人来都欢迎，但若选A，此句的结构是

40、混乱的，句中有两个谓语动词 comes 和 is，但却只是一个句子。此题应选C，anyone 是句子主语，who comes 是修饰 anyone 的定语从句。(2) _ comes to see me, tell him Im out.A. Anyone B. WhoC. Whoever D. Everyone此题很容易按汉语意思误选A，其实应选C。whoever 引导的是让步状语从句，相当于 no matter who。(3) Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A. anyone B. whomeverC. w

41、hoever D. no matter who此题不能选A，假若选A，应在其后加上 who，即用 anyone who；也不能选B，一是因为空格处应填一个作主语的词(因为其后有谓语动词 shares)，二是因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个词已基本废除 (也就是说，在现代英语中 whoever 既用作主语，也用作宾语，如：Give it to whoever you see in the meeting-room. 你在会议室里看见谁就把它给谁)；也不能选D，因为 no matter who只用于引导让步状语从句，不用于引导名词性从句。此题正确答案为C，whoever 在此相当于 any

42、one who。比较下例，答案应选A，而不是B、C或D(注意句意)：It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who B. whoeverC. whom D. whomever12. The teacher told us that the problem was not _ easy and that we should think _ over carefully.A. such, it B. that, itC. such, 不填 D. that，不填【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选C。【分析】最佳答案选 B。第一空填that，tha

43、t 用作副词，相当于 so，又如：Is it always that hot? 总那么热吗?（其中的 that hot 可以换成 so hot，但不能换成 such hot）I can only tell you that much. 我只能告诉你这么多。（其中的 that much 可以换成 so much，但不能换成 such much）注意第一空不能填such，因为such 不用作副词，即它不用于修饰形容词。另外，汉语中说好好想一想，通常可以不带宾语，但英语中的think over 是及物动词，如果用它来表示好好想一想，应根据上下文的语境让它带上适当的宾语，所以本题应用 think it

44、 over，相当于 think the problem over。13. The camera isnt good enough; I want to change _.A. another B. a good oneC. it with another D. it for another【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选A、B。【分析】此题最佳答案为D。英语中的 change sth 表示的是换某物，sth 是被换的东西，而 change sth for sth else 表示的才是用某物换另一物。比较：That coat was too large and I had to change i

45、t. 那件外套太大了，我得去换一件。That coat was too large and I had to change it for a smaller one. 那件外套太大了，我得去换一件小一点的。14. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _.A. everything B. anythingC. something D. nothing【陷阱】此题容易误选 B，生搬硬套不定代词用法规则：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑问句。【分析】其实此题应选 A，注意前文的 I agr

46、ee with most of what you said(我同意你说的大部分内容)，其后的not 与 everything 构成部分否定，意为不是所有的都同意，前后两部分用转折连词 but 连接，语气通顺、连贯。请看一个类似的例子：_ likes money, but money is not _.A. Everyone, everything B. Anyone, anythingC. Someone, nothing D. Nobody, everything最佳答案选A，句意为大家都喜欢钱，但钱不是万能的。15. Is there _ here? No, Bob and Tim hav

47、e asked for leave.A. anybody B. everybodyC. somebody D. nobody【陷阱】此题容易误选 A。认为这是一般疑问句，要用 anybody。【分析】其实此题应选B，主要与上下文的语境有关。全文语境为：大家都到齐了吗？没有，Bob 和Tim 两人请假了。假若我们将此题作如下变换，则情形就会有所不同：Is there _ here? Yes, Im upstairs. Please come and help me.A. anybody B. everybodyC. somebody D. nobody此题的最佳答案应是A，而不是B。请再看一例：

48、Do you have _ at home now, Mary? No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.A. something B. anythingC. everything D. nothing答案选C，句意为玛丽，现在家里东西都准备齐了吗？还没有，我们还要买些水果和茶。16. If you want a necklace, Ill buy one for you at once. Oh, no. A necklace is not _ that I need most.A. anything B. somethingC. nothing

49、 D. everything【陷阱】此题容易误选A，机械地套用以下规则：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑问句。【分析】当然以上规则在通常情况下是有效的，但此句不属通常用法。此题的最佳答案应是B，something 在此的意思不是某种东西，而是指那种东西或这种东西，即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于 the thing)。同样地，下面几题的最佳答案也是 something，而不是 anything：(1) Its not _ that we want to talk about; lets change the subject.A. anything B. somet

50、hingC. nothing D. everything(2) Its not _ I enjoy; I do it purely out of a sense of duty.A. anything B. somethingC. nothing D. everything(3) Self-control is not _ that comes with your birth.A. anything B. somethingC. nothing D. everything(4) This is not _ that would disturb me anyway.A. anything B.

51、somethingC. nothing D. everything17. Some say one thing, but _.A. other, another B. others, anotherC. others, the other D. the others, others【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选B。but others another 为 but others say another 之省略。在并列句中，若后面分句与前面分句有相同的词，常把后一分句中的相同部分给省略掉，以避免重复。如：One soldier was killed and another wo

52、unded. 有一名士兵被打死，另一名被打伤。(wounded 前省略了 was)I work in a factory and my brother on a farm. 我在工厂工作，我弟弟在农场工作。(on a farm 前省略了 works)My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房间在三楼，他的房间在四楼。（on the third 前省略了 is）18. He is a hard-working student, _ who will be successful in whatever career he cho

53、oses.A. that B. heC. one D. which【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题答案选C，one 相当于 a student。类似地，以下各题也选one，它们分别相当于 a table, a break, a question, a Mexican carpet, a moment：(1) A table made of steel costs more than _ made of wood.A. one B. itC. those D. which(2)Why dont we take a little break? Didnt we just have _?

54、A. it B. thatC. one D. this(3) The question is _ of great importance.A. that B. itC. one D. what(4) She wants a Mexican carpet, but she cant afford to buy _.A. one B. itC. them D. the one(5) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure.A. that B. oneC.

55、 it D. what【名师指导】雅思写作中代词使用点拨每每批阅学生作文，都会被各种代词若非“偷梁换柱”即“乱舞春秋”的问题弄得晕头转向，一篇贯穿着代词错误的文章往往让人感觉迷雾重重，不知所云，若想拨云见日不是一件易事。作为英语中衔接的一种重要形式，代词的使用值得引起重视和加以深思。先来看两个学生作文当中出现的句子：Medical care and education are cornerstones of the society, because it is needed by both youngsters and adults.Doctors are not able to control themselvesprofitable activit