英语书面表达.ppt

1、英语书面表达,讲 座 Peter Lin,高考英语作文评分标准,1. 本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。 2. 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。 3. 词数少于 80和多于 120的，从总分中减去2分。 4. 评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。 5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写汉词汇用法均可接受。 6. 如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。 7. 内容要点可用不同方式表达，对紧扣主题的适

2、当发挥不予扣分。,“书面表达”是考察考生综合运用英语能力的一种题型，根据其一般规律，它要求考生对所给情景和要求写一篇书面材料，做到所写的内容符合所给的情景和要求，文理通顺。它既象作文，又不完全是作文，因为考生不能离开情景和要求自行立意、选材，随意发挥。它类似翻译，但又不同于翻译，因为考生必须根据需要进行适当的发挥，因而有较大的灵活性。所以在做这种题目时，要掌握一个总的原则是“不漏、不错、不多写、不乱写”。,注意表达方式的多样性、 所用词汇和句式的高级性、 行文的连贯性和语言的简洁性。 内容充实，要点全面；语言丰富，文字优美；行文连贯，过渡自然,要想在英语考试“书面表达”部分取得高分，就必须在以

3、下几个方面取得突破： 第一，内容要点的识别与达； 第二，词汇； 第三，句型结构； 第四，上下文的衔接。,写作过程,1.审题： 什么体裁-日记；便条；书信；通知（口头还是书面）；启示（如失物招领）；演讲；说明（如指路及使用 说明等）； 记叙；议论；或是综合表达。 什么时态-通知，演讲，启示多以现在时，将来时为主；描写说明多用一般现在时;日记，记事多以一般过去时为主；书信往往综合几种时态。当然，这只是一般性的特点，具体写作中要结合实际灵活交替运用；比如议论与说明中涉及时代变迁前后对比。 什么句型-可使用那些句型如It; There be; 从句；分词结构；等等（切忌词句少变化千篇一律）。课文，阅读

4、篇目中曾经见到过的相关句子（切忌片言只语弄巧成拙）。,2.组句： 列要点- -题目要求写明什么，还要发挥什么； 排顺序-组织材料：时间先后？方位？（比如指路：按标识物，街 道 名，还是距离计算法？）对比法？兜圈子？列举事例与数据？ 写句子-我是谁？人称问题； 这个动词可否用被动式；是否符合主谓一致的原则； 前后指代是否清楚；数是否一致； 是否符合平行原则；是否有固定词组可用；何处断句； 复数变化，过去式，冠词，介词，副词形式，拼写的习惯性失误等等； 3检查：要点有无遗漏？是否有重复现象？衔接是否 流畅？有无自己没把握的词句？措辞是否做到了尽量准确？,四步作文法,第一步：通读审题； 第二步：编拟

5、提纲； 第三步：扩写成文； 第四步：检查修改,以上图画描述的是你的一段亲身经历，请据此为一家中学生英文报的故事专栏写一篇短文。 注意： 1. 短文必须包括图画所表现的主要内容，可以适当增加细节，使其连贯、完整。 2. 叙述必须用第一人称。 3. 词数100左右。生词：违章者 offender n. 十字路口crossroads n.,第一步：通读审题。 逐图推敲，了解大意，把图画信息及时转化成文字信息。 通过读图，把六幅图画信息简明地记载如下： 图l brother、 I、 riding bicycle、 cinema 图2 crossroads、 a young man and a youn

6、g girl、 we were stopped 图3、4、5 the young man， told their story：1.half an hour ago、 riding bicycle、 stopped by a policeman，2.catch the next offender 图6 we were punished、 catch the next offender instead of them,第二步：编拟提纲。 根据上述图画信息，编拟出要点、提纲，组织语言材料。在拟定提纲时，应注意提纲的中心要突出，条理要清楚，不要节外生枝，写一些与题无关的东西。 1.Brother an

7、d l went to cinema， Brother was riding while I Was Sitting 2.To the crossroads， we were stopped by 3.They said they had found us. Pointing to a policeman， the young man told us their story. 4.They were stopped by a policeman. 5.They were made to catch the next offender.,第三步：扩写成文。 把上述要点提纲扩写成文。在扩写时，要注

8、意以下几点： 1.添加必要的时间、冠词及其它一些与题有关的细节； 2.尽量使用简单句和自己最熟悉、最有把握的句型、短语 来表述； 3.语法结构和关联词的正确运用； 4.语言符合英语习惯和表达，不用汉语式的英语； 5.书写规范，卷面整洁； 6.运用语言时，注意一个意思的多种表述法。,上述提纲扩写为下文： Last week my brother and l went to the cinema by bicycle. My brother was riding while I was sitting on the seat behind. When we came to the crossroa

9、ds， we were stopped by a young man and a young woman. They said they bad found us at last. But we dont know them at all. Pointing to a policeman not far away, the young man told us their story. They werestopped by the policeman about half an hour ago and made to Catch the next offender as a punishme

10、nt. They asked us to go and stand there and wished us good luck. We were made to catch the next offender instead of them.,第四步：检查修改。 扩写成文后，还需认真地进行检查和修改。 第一，看一看有没有遗漏信息点； 第二，看句子结构是否正确，有没有主谓不一致，时态、语态上的错误； 第三，看过渡是否自然，单词拼写是否有错，大小写、标点符号使用是否得当； 第四，看所写文章的人称是否符合题目要求；最后还要数一数文章的词数，看是否 符合要求。,如果说，第一步通读审题，是把考题中所包含

11、的要点和考点都一一挖掘出来；那么第二步编拟提纲，则是把这些点都连成了线；而第三步扩写成文，便是把线又扩成了面。这样由点到线，由线到面，最后再进行检查修改的，的确不失为一种清楚明了而又简便易行的解题程序。,假设你是上图的李华。请根据图画所提供的信息，写一篇英语作文，描述昨天晚上邻居看足球赛影响你学习的情况，并描写你随后与邻居交涉的过程(如：你向邻居提出要求，对方向你表示歉意等。) 注意：1. 词数：80120 2. 可以编写对话或其它叙述方式描写你与邻居的交涉过程,图画信息内容要点： 时间： at nine oclock in the evening 地点: at my home/ in my

12、room doing my lessons 人物： I, my neighbour 情景（事由，经过）: the neighbour watching football match on TV, excited and shouting loudly,making a lot of noises I covered my years,could no longer stand/control myself, impatient 结果：What di I do? What did my neighbour do? 感想：take care of each other,not to disturb

13、 others,About 9 oclock yesterday evening, I was busy preparing for my tomorrows test when suddenly loud noises came into my room. My neighbor was watching a football game on TV in his room. The noise was so loud that I couldnt go on studying. I covered my ears with hands, but it was no use. I became

14、 so impatient that I had to go to explain my difficulty. After hearing what I said, my neighbor apologized and turned down the TV immediately. I thanked him and went back to continue my study.,One possible version,Two other possible versions,1 About 9 oclock last night, I was doing my homework. Sudd

15、enly I heard my neighbor shouting and laughing loudly. He was watching a football game on TV. Icouldnt go on studying and became impatient. I covered my ears, trying to keep the noises out, but failed. So I had to go my neighbor. I knocked at his door and said, Good evening, Mr Yang! Could you pleas

16、e turn down your TV a bit? I am doing my homework. “Oh, Im really sorry to have disturbed you. Well do as you say.” My neighbor said politely. Thank you very much. I said and went back to continue my study.,2 Last night I was preparing for the coming examination when the noise from my neighbor inter

17、rupted me. The noise went on and on. It was so loudly that I could hardly pay attention to my study any longer. So I went to my neighbours house and said to him: “Excuse me, would you please turn down the TV? Im preparing tomorrows examination.” Having heard these words, his face went red. And he sa

18、id, “Ok, Ill turn it down. Li Hua, Im very sorry to have made so much noise. Just now, the football was very wonderful. I was too excited to control myself. I wont do that again. Good luck in your coming examination. ” After that, I got down to my study.,单元考书面表达图画信息内容要点： 时间： the first day of the Oly

19、mpics, (morning/ evening.) 地点: Athens,Greece 人物： I, my neighbour/classmates/family, DuLi ,athletes from other countries 情景（事由，经过）: shooting match/game,fdidnt do well, fell behind,not give up, catch up with, score,carefully/attentively,get the first gold medal for China. 结果：scored ten point six,e out

20、 the first 感想：be proud of, learn from,参考作文： Today Chinese Shooting athlete DuLi won the first gold medal for China on the first day of the Athens Olympic Games. Early this morning I was excited seated in front of the TV set with my fellow students to watch the live broadcast. At first Duli was behin

21、d another competitor,a player from Russia. We were so nervous that we could hear our hearts beating wildly. But Duli didnt lose heart, and on the final shot Duli scored 10.6 points.She won the gold medal, which was the first one for China at this Oiympics, with a total of 502 points. We all jumped w

22、ith joy. What a good athlete Duli is! How proud we are of being Chinese!,错句例析,1.错DuLi stand for China take part in the game. 正: DuLi, a well known Chinese athlet/one of Chinas best shooting athlets, took part in/joined in the game. On behalf of Chinese team,DuLi competed against athlets from other c

23、ountries. 2.错The Olympic games hold in Athens, Greece 正The Olympic Games were held/took place/ happened in Athens, Greece.,3.错At beginning, DuLi shooted not very well /she began shooted bad, and her point a little low.She was fall behind.then she got a high price. 正At first, DuLi didnt do well,and h

24、er score was much less than other athelets/she fell behind other athlets. 4.错I were satting in front of v and sawing the shooting on the air. 正 I was seated /sitting in front of the V set to watch the live broadcast /televised shooting game. 5.错The last shooting she made wonderful and the scored is

25、very high. 正 On the final shot she scored a very high point.,6.错We were happy for her and happy for native. 正 We were satisfied with her performance / proud of her. We became excited because of he good performance in the match. 7.错 Her score is better and better, and she fell behind the others/she w

26、as neckand nech with the athlets who comes from USA. 正 Gradually she did better and better and caught up with the other athlets/who come the USA. 8.错 My father very happy./ We all afraid she could got the gold medal./ I was afraid that we will failed. 9.错 DuLi who was a girl come from China.,作业: 某校周刊在中学生中展开了就中学生能否在校园使用手机的大讨论，请你根据以下提示，发表自己的看法： （1）手机是高科技(high-technology)的产物，它不仅体积小(small in size)，重量轻，携带方便，而且通信快捷，它的功能齐全(multi-function)，既能用于通话，又能传递短信息和上网等等。(offering fast and convenient service for communication, sending short messages and internet-surfing) （2）有不少中学生把手机带进学校，与