高中英语各个时态考点.ppt

1、动词的时态和语态,be?,v-ed?,have been done?,have been doing?,have done?,have been doing?,have been doing?,v-ing ?,在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态是重中 之重，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态 的同时，注重上下文的语境中考查时态和语 态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题 时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参 照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。,Ill go there after I _(finish) my work. The water will be further polluted un

2、less some measures _(take) My train _(leave) at 6：30. A snow _(expect) to come next week. On the wall _(hang) a picture. This kind of cloth _(wash) well. Dont take it away. It _(belong) to me. He said water_(boil) at 100 .,用所给动词的适当形式填空,【答案】finishare takenleavesis expected hangswashesbelongsboils,一般现

3、在时,1、表示动作的经常性或真理 2、表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状 态动词 3、在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来 4、表示预计或规定 5、方位副词或介词短语放在句首若句子主语是名词，用完全倒装结构，也表示正在发生的动作； 6、用于文学作品和文学评论中或者戏剧舞台说明,也用于场景描述（如现场解说） 7、用于交通时刻表安排,现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成进行时和将来进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或者近阶段在做的事的情况，也表示计划、安排要做的事，还可以表示反复出现的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always，continually，consta

4、ntly， all the time连用； 过去进行时表示过去某一刻或一段时间内正在进行，还可以表示过去的将来动作； 现在完成进行时表示动作的未完成性和暂时性，还可以表示感情色彩； 将来进行时表示将来某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。,用进行时表示将来的情况 某些动词的现在进行时可表示计划或安排好了的将来动作。常见的这类动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，head, fly, stay, start，take off等，另外，have,give 构成的部分短语。 【例】He _ to see you tomorrow. A. comes B. has come C. is com

5、ing D. was coming,C,一般不用于进行时的动词 状态动词或静态动词通常不用于进行时态。如； like，love，prefer，want，think，wish，desire，believe，know，understand，realize，recognize，doubt，feel，forgive，guess，imagine，satisfy，taste，see，be，belong to，concern，contain， cost，depend on，deserve，have(有)，have on，lack，need，owe，own，remain，seem，sound等。 1.感官系动

6、词或感官结果的动词 2.思想意识形态转变的动词 3.只表示抽象关系不表示具体动作的动词 （有些词偶尔会用进行时表示一种趋势，如 people are finding .越来越发现）补充：系表结构+being，表示一时间的举动,【例】-You are drinking too much. -Only at home. No one _ me but you. A. is seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw,C,用所给动词的适当形式填空： Have you moved into the new house? Not yet. The rooms _(paint) M

7、y father _(fall) while he _(ride) his bicycle and _(hurt) himself. Why are her eyes red? She _(cry) He _(fly) over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow. You _ always _(watch) TV. Why not do something more active? Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday? No，but we _(try ) to get in to

8、uch with them ever since.,【答案】are being paintedfell；was riding；hurthas been cryingwill be flyingare；watchinghave been trying,一般将来时 注意区别will do，be going to do，be about to do，be doing，be to do： will do表示事物的固有属性或按自然规律的必然趋势，此外，还表示说话间的临时决定或者习惯倾向性，意愿，相信将来要发生的事； be going to do表示计划、打算要做某事，还表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断

9、；,be about to do表示立即的将来，因此，不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用；注意和when从句的搭配； 有些动词如come，go，arrive，leave，begin等，其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作或状态 ； be to do表示按计划或安排要做的事，意为“应该（常常和第二、三人称用）；也表示 想要，打算；注定会”，,用所给动词的适当形式填空： Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your safety belt. The plane_(take) off. Look at the timetable. Flight

10、4026 _(take) off at 18：20. If you _(succeed)，you should work hard. Look at the dark clouds.It_(rain) The light is still on. Sorry. I _(go) and turn it off.,【答案】is takingtakesare to succeedis going to rainwill go,“be due to+动词原形”表示将来的用法 表示按计划或时间表预期将要发生某事。 【例】The strike _ begin on Tuesday. A. is due t

11、o B. is about to C. shall D. are going to,【例 】The teacher said，“All the exercises _ be handed in on time. ” A. will B. are to C. are about to D. are going to,A,B,现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的基本用法 主要强调“过去”和“现在”的关系，须注意下面几点： (1)指过去的动作对现在的影响。 (2)现在完成时一般不与具体的过去时间状语或when从句连用。 (3)短暂性动词的完成时一般不与段时间状语连用。 (4)常用于现在完成时态的时间状语有

12、：in/over the past/last few years，by now，up to/untill now，so far，already，yet，since，for five years，recently，lately，before，never，once，today，this week (month，year)，many times，just等。,【例】 -Im sorry，but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20 ? -Sorry，I _ myself clear. We

13、want to return on October 20. A. hadnt made B. wouldnt make C. dont make D. havent made 【例】-I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her birthday. -Oh，how nice! Do you know when she _ ? A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left,D,D,用所给动词的适当形式填空： I havent seen you for ages. Havent you graduat

14、ed from college? Yes. I_(study) English for four years in Nanjing University. Where _ you_(put) my book? I cant find it anywhere. Although he has lived with us for years，he _(not leave) us much impression. My brother is an actor. He _(appear) in several films in the past few years. Li Pin may not co

15、me tonight. But he _(promise),【答案】studiedhave；puthasnt lefthas appearedpromised,特殊句型 1.ItThisThat is the firstsecond time that+陈述句；此句型中that引导的从句常用现在完成时。 2.ItThisThat is the +最高级 +名词 that+陈述句 ， 此句型中that引导的从句也常用现在完成时。 3. It is/(has been) +段时间+since +句子（一般过去时 4.It will be +段时间+before +句子（一般现在时） 5.It wa

16、s +段时间+before +句子（一般过去时）,区别下列几组句子： He has lived in London for three years.(现在还住在伦敦) He lived in London for three years(现在不在伦敦了) Its two years since he smoked.(他不抽烟已两年了，注意持续性动词表达的意思) Its two years since he began to smoke.(他抽烟已有两年了),This is the first/second.time (that) I have_visited the school. This

17、was the first/second.time I had_visited the school. He was writing a book last year.(去年他在写一本书) He wrote a book last year.(去年他写了一本书) I thought he was an American.(我原以为他是美国人) I think he is an American.(我觉得他是美国人),过去完成时 过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)。常用的时间状语有：by then，by that time，by the end of

18、，before 2000，by the time， 注也表示原打算做但未做的几种表达： I had hoped/expected/meant/intended/. to do.，but. I hoped/expected/. to have done.，but. I would like/love to have done.，but. I was to have done.，but. I was going to have done.，but. I would have done.，but. had done 的结构也用于虚拟语气中对过去的假设。,特殊句型 1.ItThisThat was t

19、he firstsecond time that+陈述句；此句型中that引导的从句常用过去完成时。 2.ItThisThat was the +最高级 +名词 that+陈述句 ， 此句型中that引导的从句也常用过去完成时。 3. It was +段时间+since +句子（过去完成时） 4. Hardly/scarcely/rarely had sb done sth when/before +句子（过去时） 5. No sooner had sb done sth than +句子（过去时）,将来完成时 将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by将来的某个时

20、间”:by the time，by the end of，by.。如： They will have completed the project by the end of next year. 【例】By the time Jane gets home，her aunt _for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left,C,用所给动词的适当形式填空： Helen _(leave) her keys in the office so she had to wait until h

21、er husband _(come) home. I _(hope) to meet Mr. Thompson this morning，but I found nobody left in the room. By the time he _(return) home，the work had been finished. By the time he returns home，the work _(finish) We plan to reach the North Pole in midJuly，and by then we _(walk) for six weeks.,【答案】had

22、left；camehad hopedreturnedwill have been finishedwill have walked,关于语态的考点 一、定义与用法 英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“beget+过去分词”构成。 【例1】This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year. A. was named B. named C. is named D. names 【例2】This old bookcase_ when we moved it.

23、 A. damaged B. has damaged C. got damaged D. was being damaged,A,C,二、两种特殊的被动语态 1. 双宾语动词的被动语态 英语中有些动词可以有两个宾语，如：give，buy，bring，show，pass，offer，lend，leave，tell，write，sing，teach等，这些动词用于被动结构时，可以将其中任何一个宾语变为主语，而另一个宾语仍保留在谓语后面。如： He bought me many books。I was bought many books. 或Many books were bought for me

24、. 2. 短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是由“动词+介词”，“动词+名词+介词”等结构构成的动词短语，在被动语态结构中，不能漏掉其后的介词。 【例3】-Why does Lingling look so unhappy? -She _ by her classmates. A. has laughed B. has laughed at C. has been laughed D. has been laughed at,D,三、主动表被动的若干情形 1. 连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，prove等)要用主动表被动。 【例4】Although all of

25、the apples_，none of them _good. A. have been tasted；taste B. have been tasted；are tasted C. have tasted；taste D. have tasted；are tasted 2. 英语中有些动词如：open，close，shut，lock，move，read，wash，clean，cook，cut，wear，carry等，当主语是物，且又表示主语的特征或状态时，要用主动形式表被动含义。 【例5】Being popular with customers，the products _well and

26、may be_ in two months. A. sell；sell out B. are sold；sell out C. sell；will be sold out D. are sold；will be sold out,A,C,3. to blame/let/rent /hire用作表语，通常用主动表被动。 【例6】The policy is partly_ for causing the worst unemployment in Europe. A. to be blamed B. to blame C. being blamed D. blaming 4. “主语+be+形容词

27、+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。 这类形容词常见的有：convenient，comfortable，dangerous，difficult，hard，easy，impossible，interesting，nice，pleasant，safe，tough，tricky，unpleasant等。 【例7】The chair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable_ . A. to sit B. to sit on C. to be sat on D. for sitting 【例8】A lot of pe

28、ople find modern art very hard_ . A. understood B. to be understood C. to understand D. being understood,B,B,C,5. 不定式用于某些动词(如：have有，get，want，need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 【例9】I have some clothes _ now，so I cant go out to play. A. to wash B. to be washed C. washing D. being washed 注：

29、若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式。 【例10】Sir，do you have something _ ? Im free now. A. to type B. typing C. to be typed D. to have typed,A,C,6. 在“with+宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式表示将来的动作，且其逻辑主语是句子的主语，该不定式常用主动表被动。 【例11】With so many difficult problems_，I dont know if Ill have time to go camping with my friends this weekend. A

30、. to settle B. settled C. to be settled D. have to be settled 7. be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。 如：These ten books recommended by this well-known website are really worth_. *注：而worthy多用be worthy of being done或be worthy to be done 【例12】The book is worthy _again because it is very instructive. A. reading B. to

31、read C. to be read D. of reading,C,A,reading,四、不及物动词和有些及物动词(短语)无被动语态 常见的有occur，take place，happen，break out，belong to，appear，disappear，cost，last，agree with等。 【例13】Great changes _in the city and a lot of factories_ A. have been taken place；have been set up B. have taken place；have been set up C. are taken place；are set up D.