英语测试部分整体讲解(何福胜)

1、工程硕士专业学位研究生入学资格考试英语测试部分整体讲解 整理人：何福胜 教授 一、考试目的 外语运用能力测试旨在考察考生目前所具备的实际英语水平、阅读英语能力和运用英语能力。通过英语词汇量、语法、阅读、理解、日常口语等内容的测试，了解考生使用英语的综合能力。 二、试题结构 1题型与题量 本部分共有50道题，考试时间为45分钟。试卷包括语法和词汇、阅读理解、完型填空、会话技能四部分。 （1） 语法和词汇 共有10道题，每题2分。前5道题为词汇题，后5道题为语法概念题。该部分时间大约为8分钟，分值为20分。 2）阅读理解 共有4段独立的短文，每段短文约有150个英语单词。短文内容涉及政治、经济、历

2、史、地理、文化、科技、人文、时事等。要求考生阅读每段短文后，回答5个问题。每个问题后有4个答案选项，其中1个选项为正确答案，要求考生选出正确答案。4段短文中，1篇较易，2篇难度适中，1篇较难。该部分考试时间大约为21分钟，分值为40分。 （3）完型填空 提供一篇约240个单词的短文，在短文中有10个空白。每个空白有4个填空选项，其中1个为正确答案，要求考生选出正确答案。该部分考试时间大约为8分钟，分值为20分。 （4）会话技能 有10段英语简短对话，每段对话是不完整的，在每段对话后有4个答案选项，要求考生从中选出1个最符合情景和习惯用法的答案，使得整个对话通顺完整。该部分考试时间大约为8分钟，

3、分值为20分。 2试题难易程度 试题由易到难分为3个等级，每套试题中容易、一般和较难的题目比例为3：5：2。 3试题评分标准 本部分试题满分为100分，每道题2分。考生须从每道题所列的A、B、C、D四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，多选、不选或错选均不得分。 三、命题范围 英语使用能力考试命题范围的水平相当于四年制大学非英语专业毕业生应达到的水平。着重测试考生运用英语的能力，要求考生熟练掌握4000个以上的英语词汇和基本语法内容。考生需具有一定的阅读、写作和口头会话的能力，并具有一定的社会、生活和工作背景知识。1）词汇和语法部分主要是测试考生的基本词汇和语法规则。2）阅读理解部分主要测试考生英语

4、的阅读、理解、分析、判断能力。考生需要掌握一定的词汇量和具有一定的阅读速度以及知识背景。4段短文中，其中1段为科普内容，1段为有关中国的报道。3）完型填空主要测试考生对词汇和语法的掌握程度，语法内容包括冠词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、分词、不定式、从句、时态、语态、倒装和虚拟等。同时，考生还需要具有一定的阅读理解能力。词汇与语法的比例为1：2。4）会话技能主要测试考生使用英语进行日常会话的能力，这些会话涉及的是生活中的常见情景，测试考生理解会话的情景、把握对话人的角色以及掌握英语口语习惯用法的能力。 讲解部分Part IStructure and Vocabulary (20 po

5、ints) Directions:In this part there are 10 incomplete sentences, each with four suggested answers. Choose the one you think is the best answer. Mark your choice on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.常用语法考点 1. 名词、代词的数和格的构成形式及其用法； 2. 动

6、词的基本时态、语态的构成形式及其用法； 3. 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成形式及其用法； 4. 常用连接词、冠词的词义及其用法； 5. 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成形式及其用法； 6. 虚拟语气的构成及其用法； 7. 各类从句的构成及其用法； 8. 强调句型的结构及其用法； 9. 常用倒装句的结构。答题策略 1 熟练掌握英语基础语法 2 熟记以上9项重要语法考点 3 分析理解全句的意思 4 利用句子的语法规律判断填空词 5 利用句子语境信息判断填空词 6 利用排除法推断出填空词 It is because she is too inexperienced _ she does

7、 not know how to deal with the situation. (A) so (B) that (C) so that (D) which The extensive survey suggested that their assumptions _ totally wrong. A. were B. be C. was D. would be Undoubtedly, _ wins the election is going to have a tough job getting the economy back on its feet. A. anyone B. who

8、 C. whoever D. everyone _ forceful were his arguments that even his enemies became his supporters. (A) Very (B) Too (C) Such(D) So _, I would have told him the answer. (A) Had it been possible (B) If it were possible (C) If it was possible(D) Possible it was Some materials will conduct heat better t

9、han others and these materials are said _good conductors. (A) to be (B) to being (C) having been (D) being Other considerations _ equal, the pressure remains constant. (A) being (B) be (C) will be (D) is The policeman need to see _ your ID card or your drivers license. (A) every(B) each (C) either(D

10、) both Lets start our meeting immediately _ everyone has arrived, the chairman said. (A) although (B) until (C) after (D) now that 常用词汇考点 1. 领会式掌握大约4200个英语单词和400个常用词组； 2. 复用式掌握其中1800个左右的常用单词和词组； 3. 掌握一定数量的常用词缀，并能根据构词法和语境识别常见的派生词。答题策略 1 分析理解全句的意思 2 利用句子语境信息判断填空词 3 充分考虑英语固定搭配表达法 4 充分考虑一词多意的情况 5 充分考虑一意

11、多词的情况 6 利用排除法推断出填空词例题1 Its _that they would spend four hours weeding the garden. (A) estimated(B) exceeded (C) escaped (D) excluded 例题 It is clear that there will be little chance that mankind would _ a nuclear war. (A) retain(B) maintain (C) endure(D) survive例题 As they cant afford to let the situat

12、ion get worse, they will take some necessary _. (A)decisions(B) sides (C) directions(D) steps例题 In order to _your goals, you must work hard. (A) make(B) achieve (C) require(D) develop例题 Many old people in the cities find themselves unable to get used to the rapid _ of city life. A. rate B. speed C.

13、step D. pace例题 He had never given a speech for so many people, so he felt _. (A) excited (B) stupid (C) disappointed (D) nervous例题 The new currency will get into _ soon. A. circuit B. circulation C. circular D. circle例题 It is impossible to _with a person whose methods are completely opposed to your

14、own. (A) cooperate (B) correspond (C) compete (D) compare例题 Success in the lab doesnt always mean immediate success on a large _. (A) business (B) account (C) way (D) scale例题 Contract rights, as a type of property, may be sold or otherwise _ from one person or institution to another. A. extended B.

15、transferred C. claimed D. bargained 例题 The best guess is that when the figures _, the November unemployment rate will be 5.6 percent, up from 5.4 in October. A. come out B. come off C. come aboutD. come true 例题 All acceptance of religion is based on belief, not on the weight of evidence or _ of reas

16、onable conclusions. A. the doubt B. the building C. the choice D. the reaching II. 阅读理解考试要点 1. 能够掌握文章的中心思想、主要内容和细节； 2. 具备根据上下文把握词义的能力；理解上下文的逻辑关系； 3. 能够根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论； 4. 能够对文章的结构和作者的态度等作出简单的分析和判断。 命题原则 1 Material Selection - not too specialised, not too complicated, right length . 2 One-One Princi

17、ple - each question is based on a particular sentence/a group of sentences in the article 3 Correct choice - exactly corresponding with the meaning of the original sentence, reasonable and sensible . 4 Wrong choices - wrong information or partial information, irrelevant information, unreasonable con

18、clusions .考题类型 1 General questions - main ideas 2 Specific questions - specific information 3 True/False statements 4 Inference/implications 5 Vocabulary 6 Tone of the article考题形式 1 Sentence completion - e.g. Californias website before last September was introduced by the writer to _. 2 Complete que

19、stion - e.g. What do the citizens benefit from the new Californias website 总答题策略 1. Reading the article first 2. Reading the questions first 3. Locating the Key Words/Signal Words in the questions 4. Tracing the original sentence by scanning the Key Words /Signal Words in the article 5. Making first

20、 judgement by using common sense, then confirming your choice英语篇章结构 1. Topic Paragraph/Sentence 2. Supporting Paragraphs/sentences 3. Conclusion例题1 This passage is primarily concerned with A. the greenhouse effect B. the burning of fossil fuels C. the potential effect of air pollution D. the likelih

21、ood of a new ice age Topic sentences: It was once thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and/or heavy automobile traffic. Today, we know that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide.例题2 Th

22、e best title for the passage is _. A. The 1992 Los Angeles Riots B. The Impact of Media on Current Events C. The 1989 San Francisco Earthquake and the 1992 Los Angeles Riots D. How Media Cover Events Topic sentence: The media can impact current events. 例题3 How dangerous was Melissa virus back in 199

23、9 A. It destroyed computer files worldwide. B. Many agents took up the case. C. Technicians, experts, and a student were investigated. D. Telephone lines and computers were destroyed. Original sentence: One such investigation led to the arrest of the man accused of sending the extremely dangerous Me

24、lissa virus, a computer virus that destroyed files in computers around the world in the spring of 1999. 例题4 What can we infer about computer crimes from this passage A. They could be dangerous. B. It is rather complicated to catch the cybercriminals. C. They would cause a huge loss. D. Cybercriminal

25、s will be punished more severely. The author intends to tell the readers that in year 2040 _. (A) they will live without lights and heaters (B) they will use much more lights and heaters (C) lights and heaters will be on and off automatically (D) there will be no switches of lights and heaters Do yo

26、u forget to turn off the lights and heaters when you go out of a room In 2040 it will not matter. They will turn themselves offand on again when you return. To encourage the elephants to paint well, the keeper _.A. bought them a lot of art suppliesB. made them excited at the beginningC. taught them

27、to hold a paintbrush with their trunksD. reinforced the desired behaviors with rewards A variety of extracurricular activities are added in American schools _.A. to help students climb the education ladderB. to enrich students dull life at schoolC. to help students become more successful in later li

28、feD. to extend college education down into elementary schools Americans believe that education is _.A. the only way to success.B. the main purpose of the schoolsC. just like climbing laddersD. important to success The “canals” on Mars have proved to be _ according to the passage.A. the minor geologi

29、c characteristic of MarsB. natural valleys on the surface of MarsC. rivers that have kept flowing since ancient timesD. a system that irrigates the whole surfaceThe lines were thought to have been a system of canals that had been built to irrigate the surface. Which of the following is the main idea

30、 of the passage (A) A modern city is better than an old city (B) Tokyo has developed rapidly but it is faced with new problems. (C) People of all nations helped develop Tokyo. (D) The government is worried about the problem. The title of this passage is _. (A) Lets Enjoy Singing and Dancing (B) Lets

31、 Explore Music (C) Music-An Expression of Composers (D) Music-A Suggestion Feelings According to the first paragraph, music has all the following functions except _. (A) talking about interesting places to go (B) telling of exciting things to do (C) expressing similar feelings (D) helping people lov

32、e music Which of the following belong to the category of artists (A) people in nature (B) music listeners (C) composers (D) people of other places and times Which of the following statements is true (A) China will reduce control on its wholesale and retail sectors immediately.(B) Chinas retail marke

33、ts are favored not only by foreign investors but also by domestic business. (C) Foreign investors couldnt enter Chinas retail market right now. (D) At present, foreign capital flows to manufacturing industries. Which of the following is the best title for the passage (A) Chinas Economy after WTO Ent

34、ry (B) Retail Market Competition in China (C) Foreign Investment in China (D) Negative Impact of Economy China is gradually reducing control on its wholesale and retail sectors and other marketing channels within two to five years after its WTO entry. (1st Sentence) To learn the richness of the Engl

35、ish language, people should _. (A) read Shakespeares plays (B) learn from an English man (C) be glad to be a foreigner (D) write and read more There is probably no better way for a foreigner (or an Englishman!) to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the vario

36、us ways in which Shakespeare uses it. The author does not suggest beginners reading Shakespeares plays, probably because _. (A) the works are for native speakers (B) only Englishmen can understand his plays (C) the works are too difficult for a beginner (D) some of English usage and the meaning of m

37、any words have changed With the first sentence, the author wants to say that _. (A) Oxford and Cambridge are different (B) Universities in Britain are different in many aspects (C) Oxford and Cambridge share many similarities (D) Oxford and Cambridge are different from each other Oxford and Cambridg

38、e differ from the rest of the universities in Great Britain in many important respects, but resemble each other quite closely. The ratio of male students and female at both universities is about _. (A) 1:2(B) 1:3 (C) 3:32(D) 3:10 There are at present approximately 9,400 students in residence, of who

39、m over a third are women. Tourists go to the city of Oxford to _. (A) study there (B) see the medieval buildings (C) view the river (D) look at the residents The richest man in China acquired his wealth _. (A) in animal feed business (B) in America (C) from Forbes magazine (D) from his ancestors The

40、 passage is mainly about the _. (A) history of two famous universities in Britain (B) comparison between Oxford and Cambridge (C) number of students at Oxford and Cambridge (D) introduction of colleges at Oxford and Cambridge Oxford and Cambridge differ from the rest of the universities in Great Bri

41、tain in many important respects, but resemble each other quite closely.III. 完型填空考试要点 1 准确理解短文意思 2 利用语法规格判断填空项 3 利用固定搭配句型和短语判断填空项 4 利用上下文信息判断填空项 5 利用排除法推断填空项Part Three Cloze Test Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given below. Mark your answer

42、 on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.例题1 In just eight years, by 2010, there will be 58 million jobs in this country, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The bureau _56_ between now and 2010 some 22 million new jobs will b

43、e created. A. persistsB. predicts C. interprets D. distinguishes例题2 And 36 million more _57_ will result from retirements and others who drop out of the workforce. A. openings B. people C. employees D. occupations例题3 Manufacturing jobs will grow at only _59_of a percent annually. A. three-tenthsB. t

44、hird-ten C. third-tenth D. thirds-ten例题4 Despite the current recession and layoffs, a _63_ of employers by the National Association of Manufacturers found 80 percent of companies say a severe shortage of qualified job _64_ already exists. 63. A. survey B. lot C. show D. group 64. A. increaseB. candi

45、dates C. decline D. interviewers A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real effort, because he feels that it would be useless. He wont go at a job with the confidence _31_ for success. He is therefore _32_ to fail, and the failure will strengthen his belief in his incompetence.

46、31.(A) well (B) necessary (C) in (D) good 32.(A) possible(B) possibly (C) likely (D) like Alfred Adler, a famous doctor, had an experience _33_ illustrates this. When he was a small boy he was poor at arithmetic. His teacher got the idea that he had no ability in arithmetic, and told his parents wha

47、t she thought in order that they would not expect _34_ much of him. 33.(A) to (B) when (C) when(D) which 34.(A) too (B) very (C) so(D) that _35_ this way, they too developed the idea, “Isnt it too bad that Alfred cant do arithmetic ” He accepted their mistaken estimate of his ability, felt that it w

48、as _36_ to try, and was very poor at arithmetic, just as they expected. 35.(A) On (B) In (C) By (D) From 36.(A) important(B) useful (C) useless(D) necessary One day Adler succeeded in solving a problem which _37_ of the other students had been able to solve. This gave him confidence. He _38_ the ide

49、a that he couldnt do arithmetic and was determined to show them that he could. 37.(A) any (B) none(C) each(D) no 38.(A) accepted(B) developed (C) rejected(D) thought His new _39_ confidence stimulated him to go at arithmetic problems with a new spirit. He now worked with interest, _40_, and purpose,

50、 and he soon became extraordinarily good at arithmetic. 39.(A) found (B) finding (C) find (D) founded 40.(A) love (B) feelings (C) determination(D) solution Part Four Dialogue Completion Directions: There are 10 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked (A

51、), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the answer that appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the answer sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.完成对话要点 重视语境信息 重视语言功能 重视讲话者是何人 重视讲话者的关系 重视语言的正式程度 重视英语口语的特点 重视对以上各种情况的整体考虑 Johnny: Dear Tommy, why dont you come on holiday with us Tommy: _ (A) Thats very kind of you. Id love to. (B) How dare you invite me I wont go. (C) Yeah, thanks anyway. (D) Whether Ill go or not is not your business, ok Karen: Hell