英语阅读与翻译能力培养

1、学校代码：10200 学号：*研究生课程英语阅读与翻译能力培养Training on English Reading And Translation姓 名：* * *指导教师：* * * 学科专业：计算机科学与技术学 院：计算机科学与信息技术学院2012年 9月摘 要【课程性质】培养具有良好的职业道德、宽厚的理论素养、较强的教育教学与研究能力，并具备较高专业发展意愿与能力的优秀中小学教师。具体要求为：1理解国家的教育政策和法规，具有良好的职业道德和为基础教育发展服务的社会责任感。2拥有符合基础教育改革发展和时代要求的先进教育理念，具备宽厚的理论素养和多角度分析教育问题的意识与能力。3深刻理解与

2、掌握执教学科的知识结构与思维方法，具有较强的课程开发与实施能力。4深刻理解学生成长的特点和规律，具有较强的育人意识和能力。5熟练掌握与运用教育研究的主要方法，具有较强的教育实践研究能力。6勤于反思，善于合作，具有较强的自主专业发展能力和一定的教育领导能力。【课程学分】学位课程，公共必修课，开课时间为1学期，2学分。【教学目标】东北师大硕士研究生公共英语课程以网络资源为依托，倡导立体化、个性化教学，以培养学生高层次语言交际能力为目标，使硕士研究生公共英语学习转变为一种互动式的自主学习。因此，研究生公共英语课程将围绕“以学生为本”的理念，强化课外自主式学习。网络平台不仅有学习的功能，也有监控和检查

3、评估学生学习效果的功能。学生课外学习既有时间的保证，又有质量的保证。课堂教学主要通过多媒体手段辅助教学，加强学生对课文的理解，组织学生围绕课文主题进行讨论，提高学生的阅读理解能力，写译能力。本课程教学中将有效利用各种现代教学手段，拓宽研究生公共英语课程教与学的空间，进一步引导学生自主式学习，使英语这门语言真正成为交流、沟通和学习创新的媒介和催化剂!课程以书面考试为主要手段对教学进行检验，以网上学习自测成绩作为参考。本课程旨在完成研究生英语教学内容，以基本要求为指导。硕士生通过课程学习应达到基本要求如下：（1）理解性掌握7000个左右常用单词以及1200个以上的常用词组，复用性掌握其中2500个

4、以上单词；基本掌握常用词根和词缀，并能根据构词法理解和运用派生词。（2）能基本听懂语速正常、语言规范的日常英语谈话和一般性题材的英语讲座、演讲等口语语料。能理解听力材料的基本内容，掌握中心大意，获取相关信息。（3）能较顺利地进行英语日常口语交流。能较清晰地描述一般事件；较有效地表达自己的观点、情感和思想；能就一般性话题发表简单评论或进行简短讨论。语言基本准确、流畅、得体。（4）能读懂不同体裁、一般性题材的英语语料。能理解作者的观点，掌握材料的中心思想和基本内容，获取相关细节，基本理解篇章结构。阅读速度在每分钟180词以上。基本具备快速浏览和检索文献的能力。（5）基本掌握常用英文文体的写作方法，

5、能就一般性话题在一小时内写出300词以上的文章，内容比较完整，语言表达基本准确、清晰、连贯，格式比较规范。（6）能翻译一般性题材、难度适中的中、英文材料。英文基本准确、通顺。英译汉的翻译速度在每小时350个英语单词以上，汉译英的翻译速度在每小时300个汉字以上。【教学方式】教学采用平时的网络教学与假期的集中面授相结合的方式进行。平时的网络教学以研究生基于网络课程进行的个体学习为主，辅之以研究生之间的小组合作实践研究和教师基于网络进行的辅导答疑等过程指导。个体自主学习以理解与掌握课程知识为主；小组合作学习以合作分析与解决问题为主。假期的集中面授采用研讨与专题讲座相结合的方式进行。研讨着力于促进学

6、生的主动学习与交流，检验与调节研究生的平时学习成果，研讨方式由任课教师自行确定；专题讲座旨在开阔学生的视野，深化学生对所学课程的理解。【教学内容】Intensive Multidimensional Course Exploring Horizon (多维教程探索) 王同顺主编 【考核方式】每门课程学习的最后成绩要根据平时成绩和期末成绩进行综合评定。平时成绩根据研究生的分阶段网上测验、在线研讨、假期集中研讨等方面的表现进行综合评定，期末成绩根据课程论文等进行评定。【学习建议】1. 学习方法的建议 （1）在每一讲的开始，都设有学习目标、学习重点、学习难点、学时分配。 在开始学习的时候，需要仔细阅

7、读这部分的内容，对本章所学的内容有着整体的把握。 （2）在学习课程内容部分，结合课程中所提供的链接材料，包括名词解释、 图片和拓展材料，加深自己对内容的理解。 （3）每一讲都配有思考讨论题，在每章学习结束时自觉地进行测试，对不明白的地方需要重复进行学习。 （4）拓展阅读部分是本课程所学内容的拓展，在熟悉的了解完课程内容所介绍的相关知识点之后，可以通过拓展资源部分扩展自己的知识面。 （5）学生除了个人自学以外，还应该充分利用“我的空间”实现与老师、同学的交流，提高学习效率。 2. 拓展资源的利用 拓展资源是本门课程所有资源的集合，既包括课内的资源，也包括课外的资源。 （1）视频资源：视频资源包括

8、主讲教师所讲授的内容以及课外相关视频的集合。（2）图片资源：图片资源主要涉及有关专题所包含的与专题内容相关的图片，学习者可以通过单击右键，将图片另存在自己的电脑上，供自己使用。 （3）文献资源：文献资源部分是本门课程所学内容的拓展，是本课程重要的组成部分。通过文献资源部分，不仅可以加深学生对本门课程的学习，而且可以培养学生的基础科研能力。 （4）课件资源：课件资源部分是对专题重点内容的梳理和难点内容的强化，学生可以根据自己的需要选择性的下载这些课件，方便自己对该课程的学习。（5）网站资源：我们选择的是优质英语学习网站，学生可以将网址复制到地址栏里进访问，在网站中进行有选择的阅读与学习。 Lec

9、ture 1 Lies and TruthTeaching Content Lies and Truth Teaching Objectives To enlarge students vocabulary and key sentence patterns.Teaching Emphasis Stressing the primary meaning of the words and their applications in sentences.Teaching process Warm-up activities, vocabulary and Structure, language p

10、oints and explanation of the text. Assignment Do exercises in this text. I. Introduction of the text What is truth and what is lie? Different people from different cultures may have different opinions. When we were young, our parents usually told us that honesty is a good virtue and that we should n

11、ot tell lies. As a matter of fact we all heard the story The Boy Who Cried Wolf in our childhood. Now lets review the story The Boy Who Cried Wolf once again together. Lying is generally regarded as a bad behavior. However, although some lies are evil, many others are not. Actually people often tell

12、 lies in their daily lives, because they are necessary to hold our society together. We sometimes lie in harmless ways to protect the feelings of others and to better our relationships with other people, such as friends, classmates and colleagues. So I think no one in this class dares to say that I

13、have never told a lie in my life. According to the author of the text, lies can be classified into the following categories: II. Structure of the textThis article can be divided into three parts. Part One is from Para. 1 to Para. 4, which gives a description of different peoples idea about lies and

14、lying. Part Two is from para. 5 to Para. 12, makes a classification of different kinds of lies. Part Three. is Para. 13, it is the conclusion of this article. III. New wordsintentionally 故意地，有意地 intentionally adv. on purpose intention n. intentional adj. I have never intentionally hurt any one.我从没有故

15、意伤害过任何人。 I dont think he did that intentionally(with intention), it must be a slip of the tongue.我认为他不是故意的那么做，一定是他说走了嘴。 slip of the tongue (口误) I will give you another similar expression: slip of the pen(笔误)The wrong date on the check is a slip of the pen.liar 说谎者 liar n. a person who tells an untru

16、th or who has told an untruth lie v.lie n. The boy often tells lies to his parents. The whole story in nothing but a pack of lies.整个故事只不过是一派胡言。 The woman lied about her age, but the camera cannot lie.The witness was clearly lying through his teeth. 那个证人分明是在睁着眼睛说瞎话。 disrespect 不尊重 Disrespect is the a

17、ntonym of respect.He was condemned for showing disrespect for the law.We should respect others privacy.dis-prefix(in adjectives, adverbs, nouns, and verbs构成形容词、副词、名词和动词） not; the opposite of 不; 相反 Ill give you more examplesdishonest/ disadvantage/disappear/disagree/disbelieve/dislike and so on disho

18、nest 欺骗的，不真诚的 prosper 发达，兴隆，昌盛 prosper v. to develop in a successful wayThe shopping street banks continue to prosper. Prosperity n.Prosperous adj.People are more prosperous in the east of this country.这个国家东部的居民更富裕一些。 category 种类，类型 categorize 分类， 归类 Categorize v. classify in class or groups; put in

19、to a classVolunteers were categorized according to age and sex.志愿者们按年龄和性别分组。 transaction 交易, 交往 transaction n. dealingcommercial transaction 商业交易 financial transaction 财务往来 profound 深刻的，意义深远的 backfire 产生事与愿违的后果 backfire v. have the opposite result to the one that was intended Unfortunately the plan

20、backfired.不幸的是，计划产生了适得其反的效果。 Parents can guide their children to participate in extra-curricular classes, but attending too many extra-curricular classes can backfire.家长可以指导孩子参加课外班，但选择课外班过多，会产生事与愿违的后果。 sergeant 军士，中士 sergeant n. noncommissioned officer of upper rank in the army, air-force, or marine

21、sjustify 证明.正当或有理，为.辩护 justify v. to show that sb/sth is right or reasonable Nothing can justify your cheating on an exam.任何事情都不能成为你考试作弊的理由。 justifiable 有理由的，情有可原的 intent 目的，意图 addict 有瘾的人 addict n. person who is unable to give up a harmful habitHis uncle used to be a drug addict.an alcohol addicta

22、video game addict 游戏机迷 an internet addict omission 省略，删除, 省略之物 omission n. the act of omitting; something that is omittedomit v.The second part of the article can be omitted.Tell me everything that happened, do not omit anything.告诉我发生的一切，不要遗漏任何东西。 stereotype 陈规，老套，旧框框 Stereotype n. a fixed pattern w

23、hich is believed to represent a type of person or event pathetic 可悲的，可怜的 pathetic adj. making you feel pity or sadnessThe little girl showed great sympathy to that pathetic and lonely old man.女孩对那位可怜又孤独的老人充满了同情。 self-deception 自欺（欺人）的的行为 untrustworthy 不值得信赖的 Untrustworthy is the antonym of trustwort

24、hyHis words and deeds are full of contradictions and he is untrustworthy.他的言行矛盾百出，让人难以相信。 un-prefix (in adjective, adverbs, nouns 构成形容词，副词和名词) not, the opposite of 不，相反 I will give you more examples.Unable/ untruth/谬误 unacceptable /unconsciously无意识地 and so onUn-prefix (in verbs that describe the opp

25、osite of a process 构成表示相反过程的动词): unlock/ undo/解开 unfold展开 unbutton and so onfactual 真实的， 事实的 factual adj. based on or containing facts Please give us a factual account of what happened yesterday.请把昨天发生的事情对我们做一下实事求是的陈述。IV. Phrases and Expressions go with 伴随， 相伴共存 hold.together 连接在一起， 团结在一起 be none of

26、 sbs business 与.无关 in response 作为答复 draw a (the) line (between.and) 区分，区别 grow up 成长，长大 in comparison (with) (与).相比 go through 渡过，经历，忍受 watch for 等候，盼望 have an affair with (sb.) 与某人（非其配偶）有一段爱情关系 turn a blind eye (to) 装作看不见，装作不知 V. TextPara 1. What is truth? and the opposite question that goes with i

27、t: what makes a lie(1)? Philosophers, teachers, and religious leaders from all cultures and all periods of history have offered many answers to these questions. Among Euro-North-American writers, there is general agreement on two points. The first is that what we call “a lie” must have been told int

28、entionallythat is, if someone tells an untruth but they believe it to be true, we dont consider them a liar. The second point is that practically everyone lies, and lies frequently. But there the agreement ends(2).Language points:What is truth? and the opposite question that goes with it: what makes

29、 alie? (1)：What is truth? What is false? These two questions always cometogethergo with: accompany e.g. Would you like to go with me to the supermarket? Money does not always go with happiness.Disease often goes with dirt. But there the agreement ends.(2): But there is no agreements or any otherpoin

30、ts except these two. 但这种共识到此为止。 在这一段当中作者提到这样一句话：“撒谎应当是一种故意行为。换言之， 如果你的话与事实相背，而你自己却没有意识到，那就不算撒谎”。 Para 2. One rather extreme point of view is that lying is always bad and that weshould try to find ways to avoid doing it(3). The reason is that lying hurtsnot only the listener, but also the liar. Each

31、lie makes the next one easier totell(4), and the liar comes not only to disrespect herself, but to mistrustothers, whom she believes will lie as easily as she. In a society where lyingis common, trust becomes impossible, and without trust, cooperation cannotexist. Furthermore, by lying to people, we

32、 remove their power to makeimportant choices about how to spend money, what future career to take,what medical treatment to choose(5).Language points:One rather extreme point of view is that lying is always bad and that weshould try to find ways to avoid doing it.(3):有些人的观点比较极端，他们认为撒谎总是有害的，因此人们应尽量设法

33、避免撒谎。 Here extreme point of view means a viewpoint which is far from being moderate. avoid: v. to prevent something bad from happeninge.g. The traffic accident could have been avoided.He left for school earlier this morning to avoid rush hour.为了错开交通高峰期，他早晨早早地离开了家。 Each lie makes the next one easier

34、to tell,(4): If you lie to others for the first time, it is easier for you to lie for the second time. 如果撒过一次谎，第二次就变得更容易了。 We often say that lying is contagious and lying can also become a habit.contagious: disease spreads by people touching each other通过接触传染的 Furthermore, by lying to people, we remo

35、ve their power to make importantchoices about how to spend money, what future career to take, what medicaltreatment to choose.(5): Furthermore, people may not be able to make sounddecisions about ones spending, future career and health problems, becausewe have given them the false information. Para

36、3. Towards the opposite extreme is the position that although some lies are evil, many others are notin fact, they are necessary to hold our society together(6). We lie in harmless ways to protect each others feelings and to better our relationships. These are not lies that try to hurt others. We la

37、ugh at the bosss joke which we have heard before and which she doesnt tell very well; we pretend interest in a friends story of something uninteresting that happened to him. If someone asks us a question that is very personal and is none of their business, we may lie in response(7). Sometimes we lie

38、 to protect the reputation or even the life of another person(8). On a large scale, government may protect national security by lying (9).Language points:hold . together(6): cause to remain together, cause to unite 使连接在一起，团结一致e.g. These nails are too small to hold the case together. 这些钉子太小了，无法把这个箱子钉

39、起来。 Students in our class should hold together.我们班的同学应团结一致（紧密团结在一起）。 If someone asks us a question that is very personal and is none of their business we may lie in response.(7): if someone asks us a very personal question about which they had no right to ask, we may respond by telling a lie.如果有人问我们

40、涉及个人隐私而且与其无关的问题， 我们可以编个谎话搪塞过去。 none of sbs business: something has nothing to do with otherse.g. This is a private conversation, its none of your business.Do not try to inquire others privacy, it is none of your business.in response to: as a response to 对. 做出反应， 回应，回答 e.g. The workers went on strike

41、 in response to the companys downsizing.工人们举行罢工抗议公司裁员。 Sometimes we lie to protect the reputation or even the life of anotherperson(8). 有时为了保护他人的名誉甚至生命，我们同样会撒谎。 This is quite true, sometimes, a lie can save a persons life, of course, it can also kill a person. In history, many people committed suici

42、de because of rumors and some people would rather die than ruin their reputation. So after learning the text, we should be clear that lying is not always bad. Sometime it is necessary for us to learn to tell lies. Of course, I mean white lies, not dirty lies. On a large scale, government may protect

43、 national security by lying (9). 往大里说，政府也会为国家安全而撒谎。 Recently, the conflict between China and Philippines escalates, this is because Philippine Government lied to the world people by saying Huangyan Island which has been an integral part of Chinas territory since ancient times to be theirs. This is a

44、n example of government can also be a great liar. Para 4. Each person seems to have some point at which they draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie (10) . Obviously, this point varies from individual to individual and from culture to culture. A sometimes painful part of growing up is

45、realizing that not everyone shares your own individual definition of honesty (11). Your parents and your culture may teach you that liars will suffer, but as you go through (12) life, you find that often they dont: in fact dishonest people often seem to prosper more than honest ones. What are you to

46、 do with this realization (13)? It may make your moral beliefs look weak and silly in comparison (14), and you may begin to question them. It takes a great deal of strength and courage to continue living an honest life in the face of such a reality.Language points:Each person seems to have some poin

47、t at which they draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie.(10): We all have our own idea of a good (acceptable) and a bad (harmful) lie.每个人似乎都有某种标准来界定可以接受的谎言与恶意的谎言。draw a (the) line (between.and): make a distinction (between.and)e.g. It is difficult for a small child of his age to draw a

48、 line between right and wrong.She sometimes can not draw the line between white lies and dirty lies.她有时分不清什么是善意的谎言什么是恶意的谎言。 A sometimes painful part of growing up is realizing that not everyone shares your own individual definition of honesty. (11): The hard reality when growing older is learning th

49、at some people see honesty differently than you do.在成长过程中，你有时会痛苦地发现，人们对诚实的定义不尽相同。 share: to have or use something at the same time with somebody else; to have the same feelings, ideas, etc. as somebody else e.g.You have to share the kitchen and bathroom with other tenants.你必须要与其他的房客共用厨房和卫生间。 They sh

50、are the same view on this matter.go through (12): experience; suffere.g.He went through a lot of hardships during Cultural Revolution.What are you to do with this realization (13)? What are you to do with this real-life situation? This realization refers to the understanding of the fact that dishone

51、st people often get ahead rather than pay the consequences for lying. 往往有些撒谎者不但没有自食其果，反而比诚实者更飞黄腾达。 It may make your moral beliefs look weak and silly in comparison (14) This understanding may cause your moral beliefs to seem poor by comparison, so you try to re-evaluate them.in comparison with someb

52、ody/ to something: when compared withe.g. Tom is much intelligent in comparison with other students in his class.In comparison to your problems, mine are almost insignificantPara 5. There are many ways to categorize lies, but here is a fairly simple one: Para 6. Little white lies: This is our name f

53、or lies that we consider harmless and socially acceptable. They are usually told to protect the liar or the feelings of the listener. Most of them would be considered social lies (15), and they include apologies and excuses: I tried to call you, but your line was busy. youre kidding! You dont look l

54、ike youve gained a pound (16). Some people, however,would consider it acceptable to lie to save themselves from responsibility in a business transaction: After I got it home, I noticed that it was broken, so Im returning it and would like my money back.Language points:social lies (15): sometimes we

55、may tell lies to better our relationship with others, to protect the feeling of others, these lies are called social lies(社交谎言). These lies are harmless and socially acceptable.e.g.When we meet a friend whom we have not seen each other for a long time, we may pleased him by saying, oh, you didnt change much, you still look