中考英语常见错误B系列

1、中考英语常见错误B系列1back 误 Im sorry. I have to back home. 正 Im sorry. I have to go back home. 正 Im sorry. I have to go home. 析 back用作“回到（某处）”之意，不是动词。 be 误 Where do you from？ 正 Where are you from？ 析 “你从何处来”应为Where are you from？或Where do you come from？ 但要注意这两句话均是问对方从哪个国家来的。要是口语中问“你是从什么地方来？”应讲Where did you com

2、e from？回答用I came from the library. beat 误 We have won your class. 正 We have beaten your class. 正 We have won the game. 析 win是胜过之意，它是及物动词，但其后的宾语只能接比赛、战争、奖品、奖金的名称，如：Which team won the football match？ 而beat指打败对手、敌人如：My brother beat me at poker.（要注意的是，beat的过去式与原形相同，而过去分词为beaten）。 误 The ball beat me badl

3、y. 正 The ball hit me badly. 误 He used to hit the little boy black and blue. 正 He used to beat the little boy black and blue. 析 beat指打击多次，而hit则为击中对方的一次性打击。 beautiful 误 He is a beautiful boy.正 He is a handsome boy. 析 我们可以讲She is a beautiful girl. This is a beautiful park. 但要讲男人的英俊时要用handsome. because

4、误 The reason why I was late is because I was ill. 正 The reason why I was late is that I was ill. 误 Because it was Sunday， so the park was crowded. 正 Because it was Sunday the park was crowded. 析 这种错误是因为中文的习惯与英语的表述法不同，中文常讲我来晚了的原因是因为我病了，而英文中的第二个因为要用that代替。又因中文常讲因为所以，而英文中用了因为就不能再用所以了，同样用了所以也就不要再用因为一词。例

5、如：Because we study hard， we passed the exam easily. 或者：We study hard so we passed the exam easily. because、because of because后要接从句，例如：We like physics because we can learn a lot of new ideas. 而because of后要接名词作介词宾语，如：He is not at school because of the illness. before 误 We have two hours to kill before

6、 we will go home. 正 We have two hours to kill before we go home. 析 kill time意为消磨时光. 英语状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如：If it rains we will not go to the park. 误 I did this work two days before. 正 I did this work two days ago. 析 用ago组成的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词要用过去时，而before引起的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词多用完成时，如：I has done this work a few

7、 days before. before long、long before before long是不久之意，例如：I shall go to America before long. 而long before则是很久很久之意，如：We knew this teacher long before we saw him. （我们在看到这位老师之前很久就知道他了。） begin 误 The meeting will begin from Monday. 正 The meeting will begin on Monday. 误 The film has begun for ten minutes.

8、 正 The film has been on for ten minutes. 析 begin是瞬间动词，所以它的完成时态不能接表示一段时间的状语，如：The film has begun. 这句话是对的，即电影已经开始.但要讲已经开始10分钟了则要用has been on即上演了10分钟. begin、start begin与start两词后面加不定式或动名词都可以，且意思并无区别，但在表达习惯时接动名词的用法较多，如：How old wern you when you first started learning English？但这两个词的进行时态中则多用不定式，如：I was beg

9、inning to get hungry. 但如果句子的主语是物而不是人，则多用不定式，如：The ice began to melt. It started to get dark before we got to school. 当动词是表达某种心理状态时，要用不定式，如：The student began to understand his mistakes. 误 They study hard in the class from the beginning to the end. 正 They study hard in the class from beginning to end.

10、 析 from beginning to end是习惯用法，即自始至终，不要加冠词，但如单独使用则要加冠词，例如：At the beginning，the teacher gave us an exam. behind 误 He missed the class because he was behind the time. 正 He missed the class because he was behind time. 析 behind time一短语意为晚了，而behind the times意为落后于时代.behind是介词同时又是副词，如Come out from behind th

11、e door（介词）。 Hes a long way behind（副词）。 He fell behind with his classmates（副词）。 below 误 Whats that below the chair. 正 Whats that under the chair. 析 under意为正下方，而below意为比低，或指在下游.如：There is a fall below the river. （河的下游有一个瀑布。）其反义词为over，如：There is a big plane flying over the city. 但在下面的例子一表达语中则要用the exam

12、ple below， 而不要用under. beside 误 The students stood besides the teacher. 正 The students stood beside the teacher. 误 I study English beside Chinese. 正 I study English besides Chinese. 析 beside意为在旁边，而besides是除以外（还如何）. beside、by、near beside意为在旁，如：There is a tall tree beside the river. by多指倚、靠、沿着之意，如：She

13、is standing by the window. near多用来表示两地间距离不远，如：There is a post office near our school. better 误 You had better to do it at home. 正 You had better do it at home. 误 You hadnt better wake me up at six. 正 You had better not wake me up at six. 析 had better在肯定句中为应该作某事，其后加不带to的不定式，而在否定句中应用had better+not+动词原

14、形。在简答语中had常省略为d，如：Youd better not. 又如： Lets go first. No， wed better not. between 误 Among the two trees there is a space of the feet. 正 Between the two trees there is a space of the feet. 析 两者之间多用between，三者或三者以上之间则用among. 误 You must choose between this club or that club. 正 You must choose between th

15、is club and that club. 析 在两个之间作出选择要用betweenand，而不能用betweenor。big 误 There was a big rain last night. 正 There was a heavy rain last night. 析 大雨在英语中只能用a heavy rain而不要用a big rain. bit 误 He is a bit fool. 正 He is a bit of a fool. 析 a bit可以作程度副词，与a little相同，但它用于名词前应用a bit of， 而用于形容词前则应用a bit，如：Im a bit ti

16、red， 而其简答的否定句应为Not a bit， （一点儿也不。）又如： -Do you mind if I open the door？ -Not a bit. black 误 The children became black after swimming in the sea. 正 The children became sunburned after swimming in the sea. 析 因太阳照晒而皮肤变黑，不应用black而应用sunburned， sun colour或dark. 误 The girl has black eyes and black hair 正 Th

17、e girl has dark eyes and black hair. 析 英语中black eyes的意思是被打得发青的眼睛。 误 The Europeans like red tea. 正 The Europeans like black tea. 析 红茶在英文中应为black tea. 这种惯用法还有：black and blue（鼻青脸肿，青一块紫一块）；blackandwhite（黑白电视片）。go black意为在失去知觉时眼前一片黑暗；look black意为情况不妙，前景暗淡.如：After the fight he was black and blue.On TV， I

18、like colour for something and blackandwhite for others. body 误 Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your body. 正 Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your health. 析 中文常讲对你身体有利，而英文中则讲对你健康有利。 borrow 误 May I lend some books from the library？ 正 May I borrow some boo

19、ks from the library？ 误 How long can I borrow it？ 正 How long can I keep it？ 析 英语中有三个词都可译为借，但意义各不相同如：借入是borrow，其常用句型结构是borrow something from somebody，这是个瞬间性动词，不可与表示延续的时间状语连用。例如：The students want to borrow some books from the library. 借出用lend，即借给别人东西。其常用句型是lend somebody something， 或lend something to so

20、mebody.例如：Could you lend us your dictionary？或Could you lend your dictionary to us？ 它也是瞬间性动词，也不能与延续的时间状语连用。keep则是延续性动词，可以和表示长时间段的时间状语连用，也可与how long等疑问词连用，如：You can keep it for three days. born （bear的过去分词） 误 I born in Shanghai. 正 I was born in Shanghai. 误 He was born from Greek parents. 正 He was born

21、of Greek parents. 析 出身于样的家庭不要作from而要用of，例如：He was born of a poor family. both 误 They both are students. 正 They are both students. 误 They refuse both to answer this question. 正 They both refuse to answer this question. 析 both作同位语时，一般要用在be动词之后实意动词之前。 误 I know his both parents. 正 I know both his parent

22、s. 误 The both brothers were students. 正 Both the brothers were students. 正 Both brothers were students. 析 当both与形容词性物主代词my， his， her等以及定冠词the连用时，都应将这些词置于both之后。另外，在与定冠词连用时the可以省略。 误 Both of my parents are not at home. 正 Neither of my parents are at home. 误 Both of your answers are not right. 正 Neith

23、er of your answers is right. 正 Both your answers are wrong.析 both不能用于否定句中作主语。表示两者都不时要用neither；但作宾语时both与either则都对，但要注意句意有所不同。例如：I cannot give both of the books to you. （我不能将两本书全给你。）而I cannot give either of the books to you. （两本书中哪本书也不能给你。）bring 误 Please bring this dictionary to Mr Brown. 正 Please ta

24、ke this dictionary to Mr Brown. 误 Next time， please take your little sister here. 正 Next time， please bring your little sister here. 析 英语中bring是带来，而take是带走.还有一个词fetch， 表示到某处去把某物取、接回来.如：Please fetch the doctor at once. business 误 My father went to Shanghai for business. 正 My father went to Shanghai o

25、n business. 析 on business出差 busy 误 The students were very busy to prepare for the exam. 正 The students were very busy preparing for the exam. 析 be busy doing something为忙于作某事 误 The students were busy for the exam. 正 The students were busy with the exam. 析 busy直接接名词时应用with. but 误 He couldnt help but r

26、ealizing that he was wrong. 正 He couldnt help but realize that he was wrong. 误 She couldnt help to cry when she saw her mother. 正 She couldnt help crying when she saw her mother. 析 couldnt help其后应接动名词，表示情不自禁的动作，但couldnt help but后面要加动词原形即省to的不定式，所以前一句应译为他才真正认识到他错了。 buy 误 I have bought this dictionary

27、 for three years. 正 I have had this dictionary for three years. 析 buy是截止性（即瞬间）动词，它可以有完成时，如：I have bought this dictionary.但是不能与表示较长的时间状语连用。如要讲我这本字典已买了3年了则要用have had这一结构即我拥有这本字典已3年了。 by 误 The boy shot the cat by a gun. 正 The boy shot the cat with a gun. 误 He came to school by a taxi this morning. 正 He

28、 came to school by taxi this morning. 析 作为某种运输手段来讲，by与名词间不能有冠词，如：by car， by bike， by air等。如有了冠词或其他修饰词，则应用别的相应的介词，如：我们今天早上是乘他的车来的一句应译为：We came here in his car this morning.与by结合而成的词组很多，常用的有：by the way顺便说说；by hand手工制作；by oneself独自地；by no means决不。中考英语连词的用法总结 连词是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连

29、词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, bothand, not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor, (and)then等等。并列连词引导两个并列的句子。1)and 与or判断改错：(错) They sat down and talk about something.(错) They started to dance and sang.(错) I saw two men sit

30、ting behind and whisper there.(对) They sat down and talked about something.(对) They started to dance and sing.(对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.解析： 第一句： and 连接两个并列的谓语，所以 talk 应改为 talked。 第二句：and 连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang 应改为 sing。 第三句：and 连接感观动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisp

31、er应改为whispering。注意：and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法） Make up your mind, and youll get the chance. = If you make up your mind, youll get the chance. One more effort, and youll succeed. = If you make one more effort, youll succeed. 2)both and两者都She plays (both) the piano and the guitar. 3)not onlybut (

32、also), as well as不但而且）She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar. 注意： not only but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.4)neithenor 意思为既不也不谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。Neither you nor he is to blame.中考英语连词or与and so与such比较 or与and比较

33、：1) 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点： There is no air or water in the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon.在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。典型例题-I dont like chicken _ fish.-I dont like chicken, _ I like fish very much.A. and； and B. and； butC. or； butD. or；an

34、d答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表转折。判断改错：(错) We will die without air and water.(错) We cant live without air or water.(对) We will die without air or water.(对) We cant live without air and water.so与such比较： 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much， little连用，形成固定搭配。so + a

35、dj.such + a(n) + n.so + adj. + a(n) + n.such + n. (pl.)so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)so + adj. + n. 不可数such +n. 不可数so foolish such a foolso nice a flower such a nice flowerso many/ few flowers such nice flowersso much/little money.such rapid progressso many people such a lot of people so many 已

36、成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。 sothat与suchthat之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。中考英语定语从句专讲 定语从句:用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。一词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句代替人 代替物 代替人或物主语 Who which that主语 Whom which that宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)例：T

37、his is the detective who came from London.例：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.例：The desk whose leg is broken is very old.例：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如

38、：All the people that are present burst into tears.(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如：(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.(4)

39、which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。(6) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的

40、。(7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。(8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.(9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you?“介词关系代词“是一个普

41、遍使用的结构(1) “介词关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。(2) from where为“介词关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如：We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to

42、, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.二关系副词引导的定语从句1关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。2. that可引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因，在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。三限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1二者差异比较限制定

43、语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。2关系代词和关系副词的选择依据(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。3. 先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about

44、.2) He was the only person in this country who was invited.四As在定语从句中的用法1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。（）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如： The elephants nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.（）the same that与 the same as在意思上是不同的。2As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于

45、主句前面中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：(1) As is expected, the England team won the football match.(2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.不可缺少的宾语补足语 在英语的句子中，有些动词除一个宾语外，句意还不完整，必须加上宾语补足语才能将句意表达完整，因此宾语补足语是许多句子不可缺少的一部分，是句子的主要成分。这样的句型为：主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语。常用的及物动词有：think，make，

46、have，get,consider，find，call，let等。如：They found the room cleaned by someone.宾语补足语的几种类型：1.名词作宾语补足语We think him a bright boy.They call her XiaoZhang.2.形容词及短语作宾语补足语I found the dog dead.Exercise makes you healthy and strong.3.不定式及其短语作宾语补足语She often asks me to help her with her English.注：在使役动词make，let，have

47、及see，watch，notice，observe，hear，listen to，find，feel等动词后的宾语补足语可用不定式，但不定式不可加to。Nobody heard him cry for help.I often see the boys play basketball after school.4.现在分词及其短语作宾语补足语The teacher caught her cheating in the exam.They often hear me practising speaking English.5.过去分词及短语作宾语补足语He raised his voice to

48、 make himself heard clearly.When I went downstairs,I found my bike stolen.6.as引出的宾语补足语We consider her as a great writer.We took English as a useful tool.7.介词短语宾语补足语Please make yourself at home.The illness kept her in bed for a month.8.副词作宾语补足语Did you find them in?She ordered them away.9.从句作宾语补足语We w

49、ill soon make our school what your school is now.注：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时， 往往把宾语放在它的补足语后，而用it作句子的形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。如：I think it wrong to smoke in public.I find it hard to learn English well.She kept it secret that she hadnt passed the exam.描写天气情况 【Whats the weather like?】Whats the weather like?（今天）天气怎

50、样？这是询问天气怎样的句型。问答时用it 代替weather（天气）。例如：Whats the weather like?Its cloudy.“天气怎样？”“多云。”描写天气情况的词汇有：rain 雨,下雨snow 雪/下雪sun 晒,晒太阳ice 冰，冰冻cold 冷的hot 热的dry 干燥的cloudy 多云的rainy 多雨的wet 潮湿的sunny 阳光充足的windy 多风的cool 凉爽的Be sorry 后接不定式【Im very sorry,but I cant come.】Im very sorry,but I cant come.很遗憾，我不能来。Be sorry 后接

51、不定式，表示“因而遗憾或难过”，后接for或者about表示对“因感到遗憾或懊悔”。例如：Im sorry to be late.很遗憾我迟到了。We are sorry for your deeds.我们对你的行为表示遗憾。 不敢做某事或者害怕某事【But Im afraid I may be a little late.】But Im afraid I may be a little late.但是，我恐怕要来迟一点。Im afraid 后接不定式或of +分词短语，表示不敢做某事或者害怕某事。例如：Im afraid to be late again.我害怕再迟到了。The little

52、 boy is afraid to walk in the dark.小孩害怕在黑暗中走路。Are you afraid of touching the dog?你害怕摸小狗吗？并列连词and的用法 (1) 表示联合，意为“和”、“又”、“而且”。如：He and I are both students. 他和我都是学生。We study English and French. 我们学习英语和法语。(2) 有时用于连接两个相同的词语，表示连续性。如：The train ran faster and faster. 火车开得越来越快。The boys laughed and laughed. 这些孩子笑个不停。(3) 在口语中用在 come, go, try 等之后表示目的，大致相当于不定式符号 to。如：Come and have tea with me. 过来和我一起喝杯茶。Try and finish the work in a week. 设法在一周之内完成这项工作。(4) 有时用在祈使句后，表示结果，意为“那么” 。如：Work hard and you抣l succeed. 努力干吧，你会成功的。