语言学functional grammar.ppt

1、Lecture 9 Systemic Functional Linguistics,Formal or Functional Introducing SFL Ideational Metafunction Interpersonal Metafunction Textual Metafunction Functional Syntax Exercise,1. Formal or Functional,(1) I had also been rejected by the law faculty. (2) The law faculty had also rejected me. Formal:

2、 the movement of the law faculty. the movement of me to I Functional: the difference between (1) and (1a) in meaning. why putting the law faculty at the end.,Formal grammars: form motivated Functional grammars: meaning motivated,Semantics (meaning),Lexicogrammar (wording),Phonology (sounding),expres

3、sion,content,STRATIFICATION,Language as tri-stratal system,Formal grammars: semantically arbitrary Functional grammars: semantically natural,Categories of the theory of grammar (1961),unit,structure,system,Some notes on deep grammar (1966),Systemic Grammar,Functional Grammar,Scale and Categories Gra

4、mmar,paradigmatic,syntagmatic,class,2. Introducing SFL,SYSTEM,STRUCTURE,Choice is meaningful,CHOICE COLLOCATION,2.1 Systemic Grammar,System of Mood Adjunct,Language evolved, in the human species, in two complementary functions: construing experience, and enacting social processes. (Halliday & Matthi

5、essen 1999: xi).,2.2 Functional Grammar,TEXTUAL,Ideational,Interpersonal,Language evolved, in the human species, in two complementary functions:,construing experience,enacting social processes,The text base is a second-order mode of meaning,ENABLING,Ideational,Transitivity structure,Interpersonal,Mo

6、od structure,Textual,Thematic structure,Information structure,Many of the categories are cryptotypic, manifested only through a long chain of realizations.,3. Ideational metafunction 3.1 Processes,He baked a cake. Jack built a house. The cat chased the mouse . The boys mended the roof.,3.1.1 Process

7、: material,Creative He baked a cake. Jack built a house. Dispositive The cat chased the mouse . The boys mended the roof.,3.1.1 Process: material,Tom flew the kite. The government moved him to Canberra. The kite flew. He moved to Canberra.,3.1.1 Process: material,Doing Tom flew the kite. The governm

8、ent moved him to Canberra. Happening The kite flew. He moved to Canberra.,3.1.1 Process: material,Tom is the leader. Tom is tall. Tom is a leader.,3.1.2 Process: relational,Identifying Tom is the leader. Attributing Tom is tall. Tom is a leader.,3.1.2 Process: relational,3.1.3 Process: mental,3.2 Tr

9、ansitivity structure,1 a process unfolding through time2 the participants involved in the process3 circumstances associated with the process.,Tom is eating in the dining hall. Tom chased the dog yesterday.,Adverbial group Prepositional phrase yesterday quickly in the dining hall,Nominal group Tom me

10、 Teapot beautiful,Verbal group chase, eat, give,Circumstance,Participant,Process,4. Interpersonal metafunction,5. Textual Metafunction,5.1 Thematic Structure The Theme is the element which serves as the point of departure of the message. The remainder of the message is called the Rheme.,Tom is eatin

11、g in the dining hall. Tom chased the dog yesterday.,In the dining hall Tom is eating. Yesterday Tom chased the dog.,Tom is eating in the dining hall.,Transitivity: Actor logical subject Mood: Subject grammatical subject Thematic: Theme psychological subject,Unmarked Theme,Unmarked Theme,marked Theme

12、,Which is unmarked Theme?,Marked or unmarked?,Which is the Theme?,Well, but, then, surely, Jean, wouldnt the best idea be to join in?,I will tell you about silver. It needs to have love.,5.2 Information Structure: Given+ New,You say Madam, isnt that beautiful? If you suggest its beautiful, they see

13、it as beautiful.,Unmarked information structure,Marked information structure,6. Functional Syntax,7. Exercise,1 Last year, Susan Washington, who is our curriculum coordinator here had a call from Sarah at Woodson 2 And called me and said: 3 “We have a person from Woodson whos in the History Departme

14、nt 4 And shes interested in doing some research into black history in New Derby. 5 And she would like to get involved with the school 6 And heres her number 7 Give her a call.” 8 And I DID call her 9 And we BOTH expected to be around for the Summer Institute at Woodson 10 I did participate in it 11

15、But SARAH wasnt able to do THAT,1. Last year, Susan Washington, who is our curriculum coordinator here had a call from Sarah at Woodson 2. And called me and said: 3. “We have a person from Woodson whos in the History Department 4. And shes interested in doing some research into black history in New Derby 5. And she would like to get involved with the school 6. And heres her number 7. Give her a call.” 8. And I DID call her 9. And we BOTH expected to be around for the Summer Institut